Ataxia Telangiectasia ; complications ; genetics ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; etiology ; Male ; Sibling Relations

Objective To investigate the feature of cerebral glucose metabolism of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Methods Twenty-five DLB patients and Thirty-one PDD patients underwent positron emission tomography(PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) showing glucose metabolism. The region of interest (ROI) was selected from frontal cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, occipital cortex, cerebellum cortex and corpora striata. 18F-FDG metabolism ratios between various cerebral regions and cerebellum cortex were compared as an indicator of regional cerebral glucose metabolic patterns.Results FDG metabolism ratio of frontal cortex, occipital cortex, parietal cortex, temporal cortex and corpus striatum decreased similarly in DLB and PPD (P>0.05). FDG metabolism ratio of occipital cortex decreased more significantly in DLB than in PDD (P<0.01). The decrease of FDG metabolism in corpus striatum of DLB was symmetric. For patients with PDD, FDG metabolism in corpus striatum contralateral to onset side decreased more significantly than that of corpus striatum ipsilateral to onset side (P<0.05). Conclusion There are similarities and discrepancies in cerebral glucose metabolism between DLB and PDD. These features may be useful in differential diagnosis between these two kinds of Lewy body disease.

Objective To investigate the associations of baseline serum uric acid, bilirubin levels with short-term outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The clinical data in successive patients with acute ischemic stroke were colected, including the serum levels of uric acid and bilirubin on admission, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at discharge or at day14 (mRS 0-2 was defined as good outcome, > 2 was defined as poor outcome). Results A total of 162 patients with ischemic stroke were enroled, including 114 in the good outcome group and 48 in the poor outcome group. There were significant differences in proportions of the patients with diabetes melitus (51. 75% vs. 75. 00% ; χ2 = 7. 526, P = 0. 006), previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) (18. 42% vs. 50. 00% ; χ2 = 17. 790, P = 0. 001), as wel as the baseline diastolic blood pressure (87. 061 ± 12. 245 mmHg vs. 82. 375 ± 10. 949 mmHg; t = 2. 293, P = 0. 023; 1 mmHg =0. 133 kPa), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1. 604 ± 0. 299 mmol/L vs. 1. 265 ± 0. 206 mmol/L; t =3. 227, P = 0. 002), fasting glucose (2. 875 ± 0. 438 mmol/L vs. 8. 160 ± 0. 592 mmol/L; t = - 4. 761, P <0. 001), uric acid (289. 365 ± 77. 168 μmol/L vs. 248. 206 ± 66. 206 μmol/L; t = 3. 111, P = 0. 002), total bilirubin (14. 673 ± 2. 213 μmol/L vs. 10. 395 ± 2. 714 μmol/L; t = 3. 779, P = 0. 001 ), direct bilirubin (6. 036 ± 1. 392 μmol/L vs. 4. 956 ± 1. 379 μmol/L; t = 2. 088, P = 0. 038), and indirect bilirubin (8. 634 ± 2. 307 μmol/L vs. 5. 439 ± 1. 223 μmol/L; t = 4. 219, P < 0. 001) levels between the 2 groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the previous history of stroke or TIA (odds ratio [ OR ] 3. 751, 95% confidence interval [CI ] 1. 395-10. 091; P = 0. 009) and baseline NIHSS score (OR 2. 723, 95% CI 1. 093-6. 783; P = 0. 031) were the independent risk factors for poor outcome of ischemic stroke; while uric acid (OR 0. 357, 95% CI 0. 141-0. 900; P = 0. 029), high-density lipoprotein (OR 0. 262, 95% CI 0. 079-0. 870; P = 0. 029), and indirect bilirubin (OR 0. 117, 95% CI 0. 025-0. 539; P = 0. 006) were independently correlated with good outcome. Conclusions The increased baseline uric acid and indirect bilirubin levels are the favorable factors for good outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objective To study the effect of the long-term operation of a nuclear power plant (NPP) on population health,and to collect the health related data of the population around (NPP).Methods Four research areas,named 0-10 km area,10-20 km area,20-30 km area and control area,were set up interms of the distance from the nuclear power plant.Human blood samples were collected to detect chromosome aberration and lymphocytes subsets.Results The rates of cells with chromosome aberration at 0-10 km area,10-20 km area,20-30 km area and control area were 0.157％,0.167％,0.070％ and 0.111％,respectively.The differences of rates in the four areas were not statistically significant.The percentages of T lymphocytes,helper T lymphocytes,suppressor T lymphocytes,B lymphocytes and natural killer lymphocytes were all normal.The difference of percentages among 0-10 km area,10-20 km area,20-30 km area were not statistically significant.Conclusions In the operational condition,less significant impact is caused to the population around nuclear power plant.

Objective To investigate the sex differences of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation of mid-aged standard and enriched rats. Methods Twenty 14-month Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 10 female and 10 male rats, were randomly divided into enriched group and standard group. Enriched rats were reared in enriched environment and standard rats were reared in standard environment for 4 months. Then, the total volume of the hippocampal formation and the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampus were quantitatively estimated by transmission electron microscopy and stereological methods. Results The total volume and mean diameter of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation of standard female rats were significantly bigger than those of standard male rats (P0.05). The mean diameter of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation of enriched female rats was significantly smaller than that of enriched male rats (P0.05). Conclusion The sex differences of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation of mid-aged standard and enriched rats are significantly different, which indicates the response to the enriched environment in the mid-aged male and female rats is different.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of short-term enriched environment on the hippocampal formation and the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of mid-aged female rats. Methods Twenty 14-month female SD rats were randomly divided into 10 enriched environment (EE) rats and 10 standard environment (SE) rats. EE rats were reared in enriched environment and SE rats were reared in standard environment for 4 months. Then, five rats were randomly selected from each group. The spatial learning capacity was assessed with Morris water maze. The hippocampal formation and the myelinated fibers in the rat hippocampal formation were quantitatively investigated with transmission electronic microscopy technique and stereological methods. Results Short-term enriched environment enhanced the spatial learning capacity of the mid-aged female rats. The total length and total volume of the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of the EE rats was significantly increased by 43.3% and 47.4%, respectively, when compared to the SE rats. There was no significant difference in the hippocampal volume and the mean diameter of the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation between two groups. The increase of the total length of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation was mainly due to the increase of the myelinated fibers with small diameter. Conclusion Short-term enriched environment had significant effects on the spatial learning capacity and the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of middle-aged female rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of short-term enriched environment on the hippocampal formation and the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of mid-aged male rats. MethodsTwenty 14-month old male SD rats were randomly divided into enriched group and standard group. Enriched rats were reared in enriched environment and standard rats were reared in standard environment for 4 months. Then, the spatial learning capacity of enriched rats and standard rats was tested with the Morris water maze. After the Morris water maze test, the total volume of the hippocampal formation and the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation were quantitatively estimated with transmission electronic microscopy technique and stereological methods. Results There was not significant difference in the spatial learning capacity between enriched group and standard group. The total volume of the hippocampal formation of enriched rats was not significantly increased by 4.6% when compared with that of standard rats. The total volume, total length and mean diameter of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation of enriched rats were significantly increased when compared with those of standard rats. Conclusions Four-months enriched environment significantly affected the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of mid-aged male SD rats. The present results might provide an important theoretical basis for searching the ethology strategy to delay the progress of brain aging in the future.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of exercise on the hippocampal formation and the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation of middle-aged rats. MethodsTen 14-month female SD rats were randomly divided into exercise group and sedentary group.Rats in the exercise group were forced to run on a treadmill for 4 months. After 4 months, spatial learning capacity of two group rats was tested using the Morris water maze.Then, the hippocampal formation and the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation were quantitatively estimated using transmission electronic microscopy and stereological techniques. Results Treadmill running enhanced the spatial learning capacity of the rats. The volume of hippocampal formation and the total length of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation were significantly increased after 4 months exercise.However,there was no significant difference in the total volume of the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation between the two groups.The absolute distributions of the total length of the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of two groups indicated that the exercise-induced increase of the total length of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation was mainly due to the increase of the myelinated fibers with small diameter. Conclusions Four months running exercise remarkably influence the spatial learning capacity,hippocampal formation and the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of the middle-aged famale SD rats. The present results reveal a potential mechanism for the fact that exercise might improve brain function.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolism of dopamine transporter and levodopa-responsiveness in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Thirteen patients with PD of Hohen-Yahr stage Ⅱ were enrolled in this study.The acute consecutive levedopa/benserazide (50.0/12.5 mg,100.0/25.0 mg,150.0/37.5 mg)tests were used to assess the patients' motor responses.The dopamine transporter binding were assessed with 11C-CFT PET specific in putamen,eaudate nucleus and occipital cortex.The correlation between the improvement of UPDRS Ⅲ and 11C-CFT PET the uptaking capability was analyzed.Results The marked reduction of 11 C-CFT uptake was observed in posterior putamen in patients with PD.The reduction of tracers uptake in posterior putamen contralateral to onset side was more significant than the posterior putamen ipsilateral to onset side (P＜0.01 ).There was significant correlation between 11C-CFF uptake in posterior putamen contralateral to onset side and the improvement of UPDRS motor subscale in test with levedopa/benserazide 100.0/25.0 mg or 150.0/37.5 mg(r=0.513,r=0.572,P＜0.01 ).There was also significant correlation between 11C-CFT uptake in posterior putamen ipsilateral to onset side and the improvement of UPDRS motor subscale in test with levedopa/benserazide 100.0/25.0 mg or 150.0/37.5 mg (r=0.452,r=0.478,P＜0.01 ).There was no correlation between 11C-CFT uptake in basal ganglia and the improvement of UPDTRS motor subscale in test with levedopa/benserazide 100/25mg or 150/37.5 mg(P＞0.05 ).Conclusion There is correlation between metabolism of dopamine transporter and levedopa responsiveness in PD patients of Hoben-Yahr Ⅱ ,which is helpful for the investigation of the pathophysiology.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between newly developed depression after mild traumatic brain injury (mild-TBI)and abnormality on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI).Methods One hundred and eighty patients after mild-TBI,who had normal findings at conventional CT and MRI were enrolled in our study.All cases underwent conventional MRI and SWI.Ac-cording to SWI,the number and volume of microbleed lesions were calculated.All patients were followed up within 1 year after TBI,and divided into depressive group and non-depressive group based on SCID-IV.The difference in microbleed lesions on SWI was compared between the depressive group and non-depressive group.Results The incidence rate of microbleed on SWI in depres-sive group was higher than that in non-depressive group (P < 0.001 ).Among patients with microbleed lesions,the volume and number of lesions in depressive group were more than those in non-depressive group (P <0.001),and these differences were only found at the frontal,parietal and temporal lobes (P < 0.001 ).No significantly difference between depressive and non-depressive group was found in other areas (P >0.05).Conclusion SWI is useful to identify the microbleed lesions after mild TBI.The depres-sion after TBI is correlated with the location and distribution range of microbleed lesions.