[Summary] The article reported 107 cases of bile duct residual stones treated by plasma shock wave lithotripsy with inverse flush under fiber choledochoscope via T-tube fistula.Of the 107 patients, stones were completely removed in 98 patients, and residual stones remained in 9.Intraoperative biliary hemorrhage occurred in 5 cases, which were stopped after spraying the norepinephrine . There were 4 cases of arhythmia , 13 cases of subcostal or upper abdominal pain , and 11 cases of abdominal distention and diarrhea , all of which were cured by symptomatic treatment .Postoperative biliary infection occurred in 7 cases, which were cured by anti-infection and biliary drainage.Except for 1 patient of lost of follow-up, 106 patients were followed for 6 months.Ultrasound and CT examinations showed free of calculus in 101 cases, and intrahepatic bile duct residual stones in 5 cases.We deem that plasma shock wave lithotripsy combined with reverse flushing under fiber choledochoscope is a minimally invasive , safe, and effective treatment for difficult biliary residual stones .

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Calcitriol ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; classification ; methods ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; therapeutic use ; Vitamin D ; analogs & derivatives

Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (AMDV) causes a persistent infection associated with immune complex disease, hypergammaglobulinemia, and high levels of antiviral antibodies. Despite the presence of an antibody, the virus is not cleared in vivo. Pre-existing antibodies may enhance viral infections, by Fc-receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), but the mechanism that underlies ADE has not been fully defined. Three models have been proposed, including: (1) interactions between antibody and FcR, complement C3 fragment and CR, or between C1q and C1qR, which promotes viral attachment to cells; (2) suppression of IFN-gamma-mediated host-cell antiviral gene expression by the upregulation of negative regulators of pathogen pattern recognition; and (3) the promotion of early IL-10 secretion. In addition, the role of cytokine IL-6 in ADE mediated disease development is discussed, to facilitate a better understanding of the pathogenesis of AMDV infection, as well as give insights into rational vaccine design approaches.
Aleutian Mink Disease ; immunology ; virology ; Aleutian Mink Disease Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Antibody-Dependent Enhancement ; Mink ; immunology ; virology

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells are few in human bone marrow, and their number will decrease with aging or body weakening, so a large amount of amplification is necessary. However, the biological characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells of each passage remain poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the biological characteristics of each passage of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) so as to provide a basis for clinical demands of tissue engineering.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: Cytological observation in vitro. The experiment was performed at the Department of Orthopedics and Central Laboratory, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from March to October 2008.MATERIALS: From bone marrow of patients with non-hematopoietic disease, MSCs were provided by Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.METHODS: Bone marrow was collected form posterior superior iliac spine of patient, MSCs were isolated and cultured by Percoll method. When the cells were confluent at 90%, they were trypsinized and observed by inverted miscroscopy. The second passage of cells were collected for index detection.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cell morphological characteristics and immunophenotype; cell activity was detected by MTT; cell division and apoptosis in the proportion of necrosis were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis.RESULTS: The passaged MSCs exhibited uniform appearance in fusiform shape, and their growth was slowed down after 9 passages, exhibiting cytoplasm vacuolization and body enlarging. The second passage of MSCs was positive for CD44, CD106,and CD105, but negative for CD34 and CD45. MTT values peaked at passage 9, and gradually decreased since passage 10. At passage 11, the number of MSCs at division stage was increased, but from the sixth passage, the number of apoptotic cells increased significantly, reaching more than 60% at passage 8.CONCLUSION: According to biological characteristics analysis of MSCs at each passage, the third to the sixth passage cells are recommend for clinical therapy.

Anemia, Aplastic ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Graft Survival ; Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; immunology ; therapy ; HLA Antigens ; blood ; immunology ; Histocompatibility ; immunology ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Nitrite oxidoreductase(NXR) is the key enzyme responsible for the oxidation of NO2-to NO3-in nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.Since NXR is a dissoluble enzyme,located at the inner side of the membranes of cells,its function is dependent on the electron transfer chain related to membranes.This paper reviews the advances in study on NXR,including the structure,catalysis mechanism and the impact of different factors.New techniques applied in recent studies and research prospects are also presented.

Tripterygium wilfordii has complex chemical components. To study and summarize the advance in studies on the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities and toxicology of known monomers of T. wilfordii, the pertinent literatures related to the studies on the pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of T. wilfordii over past 30 years were searched. According to the findings, more than ten anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory monomers were found in T. wilfordii. The pharmacology and toxicology of wilforidine, triptolidenol, triptonide, demethylzeylasteral shall be further studied.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

An Aspergillus sp. strain F3 was isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of mangrove plant, Rhizophora stylosa Griff in Dongzhai harbor mangrove forest conservation in China. In this study, the effects of media salinity and pH on the mycelial biomass and the ability of producing antibacterial metabo- lites from this isolate were carefully analyzed. Results showed that this isolate can grow well on the SDA medium with higher salinity (3%~9%) and higher pH (8~10). Under the modified culturing conditions, this isolate can secret the antibacterial and antitumor metabolites. The extracts of acetic ether were about 448 mg/L of the fermentation broth. The antibacterial activities of the acetic ether extract were analyzed with bacteria and fungus. Results showed this extract can suppress the growth of Staphylococcus aureus、S. epi-dermidis、Sarcina lutea、Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with MIC of 31.3 ?g/mL, 31.3 ?g/mL, 7.8 ?g/mL, 7.8 ?g/mL and 125.0 ?g/mL, respectively. It can also suppress the growth of Candida albicans with MIC of 125.0 ?g/mL. Further studies uncovered the cytotoxicity of this extract against the tumor cells, such as ECV304, Lovo and HepG2 with IC50 of 3.45 ?g/mL, 4.88 ?g/mL and 14.31 ?g/mL respectively.

Objective To learn the plague's host animals and parasitic flea composition, and to investigate the natural foci of plague in Xiji county in order to provide basic information for plague prevention and control. Methods The Citellus alaschanicus density, nocturnal rodents, the body flea, the burrow track flea, the nest flea were investigated in 8 townships (town) of Xiji county from June 11 2007 to July 25 2007. Specimens of small mammalian, fleas were collected for bacteriological and serological testing. Results The average density of the main host Citellus alaschanicus was 0.85 per hectare. The nocturnal mouse capture rate was 0.80%(24/2987).The survey found 16 species of small mammals that belonging to 3 orders, 9 families and 16 species with Citellus alaschanicus the dominant species. The Citellus alaschanicus had 2.84 fleas per body. Four families and 16 species of fleas were identified in the areas. The Citellus alaschanicus and Citellophilus Tesquorum Mongolicus were the dominant species. Plague bacteriology and serology tests were negative. Conclusions The study shows that the area is suitable for the formation of natural foci of Citellus alaschanicus plague. Surveillance is an important measure for prevention and control of the plague.

The expression of survivin, a member of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, was examined in bladder transitional cell cancer (BTCC) tissue and adjacent normal tissues to examine its clinical implication in the development of BTCC. Thirty specimens of bladder cancer were detected for the expression of survivin by using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) in BTCC tissue and adjacent normal tissues. Our results showed that the positive rate of survivin immunostaining specimen were 0 and 60% (18/30) in the adjacent normal tissues, bladder cancer, respectively. The-DeltaDeltaCT value of survivin in bladder cancer tissue was 10.2829 (9.0034-11.5624) times that in the adjacent normal tissues. The expressions of survivin were correlated with the pathological grades of tumor and clinical stages. It is concluded that there was only weak expression of survivin mRNA in the adjacent normal tissues, but the expression of survivin mRNA in bladder cancer tissue was much higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues and the expression of survivin was correlated with pathological grades and clinical stages of tumor.
*Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/*metabolism ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Tumor Markers, Biological/genetics ; Tumor Markers, Biological/*metabolism ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*pathology