BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has important biological effects on the heart, it can promote cardiac and vascular smooth muscle growth and metabolism.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biological effects of IGF-1, to clarify the mechanism of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and make better use of the exercise influence on IGF1 to achieve adaptive cardiac hypertrophy.METHODS: With exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy, insulin-like growth factor, exercise in English for the search terms,Pubmed database from January 1990 to April 2009 was retrieved; With exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy, insulin-like growth factor, exercise in Chinese for the search terms, CNKI database from January 1990 to April 2009 was searched. Literatures were limited to English and Chinese languages. Inclusive criteria: animal experimental study and clinical application research closely linked to IGF-1; exclusive criteria: the old literatures and Meta analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 41 literatures were screened out by computers, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 31 documents of which were involved for analysis. The IGF coordinates with other growth factors to promote differentiations and maturity of a variety of cells. The current data indicate that the blood serum and the cardiac local IGF-1 play an important role on cardiac hypertrophy. This study used the method of literature to analyze the production and action mechanism of the circulatory and cardiac IGF, discuss the functions of cardiac local IGF and the effect of exercise on it, and bring forward that exercise can alter the IGF expressions, IGF is related to the formation of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Objective To investigate the pharmacologic action of the Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil nanometer bangosome. MethodsThe pharmacologic action of the Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil nanometer bangosome was evaluated by observing its effect on Jimpy mice with swelling ear,capillary permeability and rats with allergic symptoms. Results The Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil nanometer bangosome could significantly relieve the degree of swelling in Jimpy mice extended by p-xylene,inhibit the increased capillary permeability in Jimpy mice extended by HAC,and combat the symptoms of rhinocnesmus,sneezing,nasal discharge with a better effect than the Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil. Conclusion The Magnolia biondii Pamp Volatile oil nanometer bangosome has a good anti-inflammation and anti-hypersensitiveness effect,which upgrades the effect of the Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil.

Child, Preschool ; Chyle ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mesenteric Cyst ; diagnosis ; surgery

Bronchial asthma is the chronic airway inflammatory disease that characterized by reversible airflow limitation .The presence of airway inflammation could lead to airway remodeling .In recent years , many studies have found that arginase plays an im-portant role in the airway inflammation and airway remodeling of asthma .It not only reduces airway release nitric oxide and increases airway hyperresponsiveness , but also its metabolites such as putrescine , proline, etc can induce cell proliferation and collagen synthe-sis, leading to airway remodeling .In this paper , the arginase and its role in the pathogenesis of asthma are discussed .

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of the Fatigue severity scale (FSS)in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods The FSS was translated into Chinese language and the reverse translation was done by several experts.Validity,dimensionality,and reliability tests were implemented in 153 cases of cerebral infarction.Results One component was extracted in factor analysis,and the total cumulative contribu- tion was 64.982%.Based on the Mokken Scale analysis for Polytomous items analyses,the scale was found to be u- nidimensional and scale H is 0.6125,Cronbach?of the scale is 0.9287.Conclusion The psychometric proper- ties(reliabilities and validities)of FSS Chinese Version was satisfactory and seemed to be adaptable to Chinese cere- bral infarction patients.

6.66 kPa),30 cases of light degree pulmonary artery hypertension group (3.99 kPa

Objective To investigate the effect of endoscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC),and evaluate the indication and clinical value of postoperative prophylactic pelviureteric instillation chemotherapy.Methods Patients who met the inclusion criteria included elderly patients,patients who could not tolerate radical surgery,patients with renal insufficiency or needed dialysis after removal of the kidney,patients with bilateral UTUC,patients with tumor≥3 cm in diameter but could be completely resectted under ureteroscopy who required to preserve renal function.Surgical procedure was successful.The ureteral stents were placed,and prophylactic ureteral infusion chemotherapy via the retrograde transvesical ureteric catheterisation was conducted 1-2 times one week at 2 days after surgery.40 milligram of pirarubicin hydrochloride or epirubicin hydrochloride was dissolved in 40 milliliter sterile water for the prophylactic infusion chemotherapy.These instillations were completed within 40 minutes.Results Totally,9 patients (3 males and 6 females) aged 60-86 years,mean age of (69.7±6.4) years,were enrolled in this study.The carcinoma of the renal pelvis was found in 2 cases and ureteral tumors in 7 cases.In pathological results,ureteral polyps was found in 1 case,papillary ureteral neoplasm with low malignant potential in 2 cases,urinary tract epithelial carcinoma in 4 cases (1 case with poorlydifferentiation,1 case with well-differentiation,2 cases with urinary tract epithelial cancer),and 2 cases were lack of pathological reports because of too few pathologic specimens.4 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy by instillation successfully,and lumbago,fever or other complications were not found.Patients were followed up for a mean period of 15 moths (4-31 months).Only 1 patient had recurrence of bilateral ureteral tumor 15 months after surgery,and no tumor recurrence was found in other patients.Conclusions Endoscopic management is a safe and effective in treating UTUC,which can preserve renal function by avoiding nephrorectomy in some patients.The instillation chemotherapy after endoscopic management is safe,which has a satisfactory effect,but further validation in a large clinical sample is needed.Patients with tumor resection under ureteroscopy who cannot obtain the pathology results need to be closely followed up.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis of a case with 7p15.3p22.1 microdeletion by applying array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) and to analyze the relationship between the clinical manifestations and 7p15.3p22.1 microdeletion. Method Array-CGH technique was used to detect genomic copy number variations (CNVs) in an infant with normal karyotype after conventional chromosomal karyotyping. Results Array-CGH detected 7p15.3p22.1 deletion (chr7: 6777262-23981753), which was confirmed as pathogenic CNV after comparative analysis with database. Conclusion Array-CGH could serve as a useful complement for G-banding to be used in the clinical cytogenetic diagnosis.

Background Sclera remodeling process in axial elongation is one of the main pathological mechanisms of axial myopia progression.Studies confirmed that transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) participates in the sclera remodeling process,and Smad3 is one of TGF-β1 downstream signal gene transcriptive factors,so to explore its role in sclera remodeling process of myopic eyes is of great significance for pathogenesis and prevention research of myopia.Objective This study was to investigate the expressions of type Ⅰ collagen and Smad3,a TGF-31 downstream target,in sclera of form deprivation myopic (FDM) eyes and explore the impact of TGF-β1-Smad3-type Ⅰ collagen signaling pathway on collagen remodeling in myopic sclera.Methods Seventy-five 1-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control group (25 guinea pigs) and FDM group (50 guinea pigs).Monocular FDM was induced by occluding the left eyes of guinea pigs in FDM group with translucent latex balloons for 2,4,6 weeks,respectively,and consecutive occluding for 4 weeks followed by uncovering for 1 week (4/-1 weeks).The refractive power was detected by retinoscopy and axial length was measured with A-type ultrasound.Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR were employed to detect the dynamic expressions of type Ⅰ collagen and Smad3 protein ad mRNA in the sclera of guinea pigs with emmetropia and experimental myopia,ard the relationship between collagen Ⅰ and Smad3 levels was analyzed.Results The refraction was hypermetropic in both normal control group and FDM group before occluding of eyes (P＞0.05),and the hypermetropic power was gradually reduced over time in the normal control group.In the FDM group,the refractive power was gradually changed from (+2.09 ± 0.31)D before occluding to (-1.23±0.69),(-4.17±0.59),(-7.07±0.56) and (-4.30±0.58)D,and the axial length was increased from (5.93-±0.39)mm to (6.62±0.36),(7.30±0.34),(7.99--0.32),and (7.21 ±0.36) mm at weeks 2,4,6,and 4/-1 after occluding,respectively,indicating significant differences in refractive power and axial length over time in the FDM group from normal control group and self-control group (all at P＜0.05).The expressions of Smad3 and type Ⅰ collagen protein and mRNA in the sclera of the FDM group was significantly lower than those of the control group and self-control group in various time points (all at P＜0.05).The positive correlation were found in the expression of Smad3 on the myopic sclera with that of type Ⅰ collagen in both protein and mRNA levels (protein:r=0.993,P＜0.05;mRNA:r=0.954,P＜0.05).Conclusions The myopic power and ocular axis increase dependent upon occluding time,and the expressions of Smad3 and type Ⅰ collagen in the sclera are correspondingly weakened in FDM eyes.A consistent expression trend is found between Smad3 and type Ⅰ collage,suggesting Smad3 and type Ⅰ collagen participate in the regulation of sclera remodeling in myopia by TGF-β1-Smad3-Collagen Ⅰ signaling pathway.

Background The vitreoretinal traction plays a critical role in the formation of macular hole and cystoid macular edema.Enzymatic vitreolysis has potential in relieving vitreoretinal traction as a simple and less invasive method in comparison with pars plane vitrectomy.ObjectiveThis study is to investigate the effects of plasmin mutant with kringle domains deficiency(Plm△K)on vitreoretinal interface in new Zealand white rabbits.Methods Plm△K was prepared through activating plasminogen mutant with Kringle domains deficiency (Plg△K) by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).100μL of Plm△K at the dose of 0.5,1.0 and 1.5μmol/min was injected respectively into the vitreous of 48 New Zealand white rabbits and 16 eyes for each dose.B-scan and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed to detect the structure variety at the vitreoretinal interface in 1 day and 7 days after injection.The gross anatomy analysis with triamcinolone acetonide fine particle suspension,as well as histopathological examinations by scanning electron microscopy,was performed in the different time points mentioned above.Results Two peptide chains were determined with the relative molecular weight about 26000 and 5000 by the gel imaging analysis of reduced SDS-PAGE.Separation of the posterior vitreous cortex from retina was found after intravitreous injection under the B-scan and OCT.The ultrastructure change of vitreoretinal interface as well as the examination of fine particle suspension by triamcinolone acetonide demonstrated the same outcome.The degree of remnants of vitreous cortex showed the negative correlation with the dosage of Plm△K (r=-0.9516,P=0.048).No significant correlation was found between the degree of remnants of vitreous cortex and the action time(r=-0.720,P=0.470).There was no obvious morphological difference in outer layer of retina between control eyes and Plm△K-treated eyes.No drug-related adverse event was found after intravitreous injection of Plm△K.Conclusion Intravitreous injection of Plm△K alone can induce complete separation of vitreous from retina.This procedure is safe and effective.