Molecular Epidemiology ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; genetics

Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Translational Medical Research

Objective To compare the biomechanical properties between the two-level fixation by im- plantation of pedicle-screws into the adjacent upper and lower vertebrae of the fractured vertebra and the three-level fixation by implantation of pedicle screws into the fractured vertebra and its adjacent upper and lower vertebrae in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.Methods Eight fresh frozen calf spines were used in this study.Each specimen was tested in four models:intact model as the control,L1 burst fracture model,two-level fixation model, and three-level fixation model.The L1 burst fracture model was created on a biaxial material testing machine (MTS858 Bionix test system,America).During the experiment,the flexion,extension,bilateral bending and axial rotation loadings were applied to the specimens and the range of motion(ROM)was measured with a three-dimensional laser analysis apparatus and the stiffness was calculated subsequently.One-way statistical analysis was used.Results The ROMs under six different loadings in the fracture model became larger obviously(P＜0.05)and the stiffness decreased(P＜0.05).The ROMs in both fixation models were smaller than those in the other models(P＜0.01)and the stiffness increased distinctly(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in ROMs and stiffness between the two-level fixation and three-level fixation models(P＞0.05).Conclusion Two-level fixation provides similar biomechanical stability as three-level fixation does in the reconstruction of unstable thoracolumbar fractures.

Medical microbiology is basic course of medicine.In order to improve teaching quality,we employ discussing-mode education in microbiology.This education style can not only enlighten and train poly-directional thought ability,capacity of bringing forth new ideas and pioneering spirit,but draw close the distance between students and modern life science,which make microbiological course become beginning of exploring microbiology.The employment of education style of discussing microbiology new advance is effective pathway of exploring most suitable high-quality person of talent training.

0.05),and the expression of HoxB5 in the model group tapered after the 7th day,but the expression of HoxB5 increased and reached the peak on the 7th day and expressed in a stable level in the control group and were significantly higher than those of model group(Pa

Objective To establish virtual three-dimensional instrument and cerebral aneurysm models by using three-dimensional moulding software,and to explore the effect of the models in interventional preoperative simulation.Methods The virtual individual models including cerebral arteries and aneurysms were established by using the three-dimensional moulding software of 3D Studio MAX R3 based on standard virtual cerebral aneurysm models and individual DSA image.The virtual catheter,guide wire,stent and coil were also established.The study of interventional preoperative simulation was run in personal computer,and included 3 clinical cases.Results The simulation results of the working angle and the moulding angle of the head of catheter and guide wire in 3 cases were identical with that of operation results. The simulation results of the requirement of number and size of coil in 1 case of anterior communicating aneurysm and 1 case of posterior communicating aneurysm were identical with that of operation results.The simulation results of coil for aneurysmal shape in 1 case of giant internal carotid artery aneurysm were more than 2 three-dimensional coils with size of 3mm?3 cm from the operation results,and the position of the second coil in aneurysmal neck was adjusted according to the results of real-time simulation.The results of retrospective simulation of operation procedure indicated that the simulation methods for regular and small aneurysms could become a routine simulation means but more simulation experience was needed to build up for the giant aneurysms.Conclusions The virtual three-dimensional instrument and cerebral aneurysm models established by the general software provided a new study method for neuro-interventional preoperative simulation,and it played an important guidance role in developing neuro- interventional operation.

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of complications in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods 80 CP children were recruited.Their parents were interviewed for high risk factors and feeding his- tory.Each case was assessed neurologically for type of CP and diagnosed for complications.And all cases were detect- ed by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of the brain.Results Among 80 patients,60 cases(75%)suffered from complications,the majority patients had difficulty in taking in food,intelligence retardation,hearing impediment and vision impediment.The prevalence rate of complications with mixed CP was 85 %.MRI abnormalities of the brain were accounted for 74.5 % and periventrieular leakomalacia(PVL)was more common(45.1%).Conclusion This study suggested timely rehabiliatation and interventions must be started to significantly improve the levels of intelli- gence.And the epilepsy and nonepileptic events must be identified to avoid mistakes in diagnosis.

Background Many studies and clinical trials of pharmacologic vitreolysis are already under way to try to improve vitreo-retinal surgery and to liquefy and detach the vitreous from the retina ultimately, including chondroitinase,hyaluronidase,dispase and plasmin. However, there has not been any report on purification of human plasminogen from cord blood plasma and inducing posterior vitreous detachment of the animal eye at present.Objective This study was designed to isolate and purify the production of human plasminogen (Plg) from cord blood plasma with ethanol precipitation and evaluate the efficacy of Plg in inducing posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).Methods Human Plg was Separated and purified from cord blood plasma by ethanol precipitation method. The protein band corresponding to Plg with molecular mass of 92 000 was revealed in SDS-PAGE and confirmed by MALDI-TOF and Mascot database. Anion-exchange chromatography and plasminogen activity assay kit were used to obtain purified Plg with biological activity. Twenty-five fresh pig eyes were enucleated and assigned to 5 groups and 5 eyes for each group. The normal eyes were used as control group. Balanced salt solution(BSS)of 0.1 ml was intravitreally group and standard substance group. All of the eyes were then incubatedfor 60 minutes under the 37 ℃. Retinal histopathology and ultrastructure were examined under the light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results The Plg with potential fibrinolytic activity was successfully extracted and purified from cord blood plasma by ethanol precipitation method. No posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was seen in normal control group, BSS group and r-SK group following the intravitreal injection under the sem. However,PVD was demonstrated in r-SK+ Plg group and standard substance group under the SEM. The inner limiting membrane ( ILM ) and the retina were well preserved in all of the experimental eyes. No retinal morphology and ultrastructural abnormality were found under the light and SEM and TEM. Conclusion Ethanol precipitation is a feasible way to isolate and purify Plg from human cord blood plasma. Extracted Plg shows potential fibrinolytic intravitreal injection of Plg.

Objective To investigate the effect of endoscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC),and evaluate the indication and clinical value of postoperative prophylactic pelviureteric instillation chemotherapy.Methods Patients who met the inclusion criteria included elderly patients,patients who could not tolerate radical surgery,patients with renal insufficiency or needed dialysis after removal of the kidney,patients with bilateral UTUC,patients with tumor≥3 cm in diameter but could be completely resectted under ureteroscopy who required to preserve renal function.Surgical procedure was successful.The ureteral stents were placed,and prophylactic ureteral infusion chemotherapy via the retrograde transvesical ureteric catheterisation was conducted 1-2 times one week at 2 days after surgery.40 milligram of pirarubicin hydrochloride or epirubicin hydrochloride was dissolved in 40 milliliter sterile water for the prophylactic infusion chemotherapy.These instillations were completed within 40 minutes.Results Totally,9 patients (3 males and 6 females) aged 60-86 years,mean age of (69.7±6.4) years,were enrolled in this study.The carcinoma of the renal pelvis was found in 2 cases and ureteral tumors in 7 cases.In pathological results,ureteral polyps was found in 1 case,papillary ureteral neoplasm with low malignant potential in 2 cases,urinary tract epithelial carcinoma in 4 cases (1 case with poorlydifferentiation,1 case with well-differentiation,2 cases with urinary tract epithelial cancer),and 2 cases were lack of pathological reports because of too few pathologic specimens.4 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy by instillation successfully,and lumbago,fever or other complications were not found.Patients were followed up for a mean period of 15 moths (4-31 months).Only 1 patient had recurrence of bilateral ureteral tumor 15 months after surgery,and no tumor recurrence was found in other patients.Conclusions Endoscopic management is a safe and effective in treating UTUC,which can preserve renal function by avoiding nephrorectomy in some patients.The instillation chemotherapy after endoscopic management is safe,which has a satisfactory effect,but further validation in a large clinical sample is needed.Patients with tumor resection under ureteroscopy who cannot obtain the pathology results need to be closely followed up.

Objective To develop a rapid ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/ MS) for determination of 11 sedative-hypnotics in human plasma. Methods The plasma samples were extracted with dichloromethane:n-hexane:acetoacetate (5∶4∶1). The separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm) using the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-0.1% ammonium solution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL?min-1 in gradient elution mode. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) via electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive mode. Results Good linear relation was obtained over the investigated concentration range, with all correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The limit of detection was 200 pg?mL-1 for dexzopiclone,and 10- 20 pg?mL-1 for other sedative-hypnotics. The intra- and inter-day RSD of 11 sedative-hypnotics were no more than 15.0%. The recoveries were in the range of 72.3%-108.0%, and the matrix effects were approximately 0.86- 1. 12. Conclusion The method is rapid, sensitive and reliable, and suitable for the simultaneous determination of 11 sedative-hypnotics in human plasma.