[Summary] This review summarized the evolution of surgical timing and procedure skills of postnatal repair in the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( CDH ) .Minimally invasive repair of diaphragmatic hernia was highlighted.The current status, difficulties, and future trends of surgical intervention for CDH were analyzed.

Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Mental Disorders ; Nervous System Diseases ; Research Design ; trends

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Dust ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Metallurgy ; Occupational Exposure ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Radiography ; Risk Factors ; Steel ; Welding

Background Research showed that exposure of 530 nm monochromatic light can induce myopia in animal,and retinal Müller cells participate in the formation of myopia.However,the effect and mechanism of retinal Müller cells during the formation of monochromatic light induced-myopia is below understood.Objective This study was to investigate biologic characteristics of rat retina Müller cells and the expression of cell factors in Müller cells after being illuminated by the 530 nm monochromatic light,and discuss the role of the retina Müller cells in myopia induced by monochromatic light.Methods Immortalized rat retinal Müller cells were cultured with DMEM containing 10％ fetal bovine serum in a self-made cell incubator with monochromatic light by adjusting luminance of 530 nm LED source.The cells were exposed to 125,250 and 500 lx luminance respectively for 6,12 and 24 hours,and the cells without light-irradiation were used as control.The growth of the cells under the different light time and different illuminations was described by MTT as the absorbance at the wavelength 570 nm (A570),and cell cycle analysis of Müller cells was performed by flow cytometry 48 hours after cultured,and the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1),tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)in the cells were detected by reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR),respectively.Results The Müller cells were uniform in size with polygonal shape and defined edges.No statistically significant difference was found in the A570 value in the cells of the 125 lx and 250 lx illuminated groups compared with the control group in various time points(P＞0.05).However,significant lowing was seen in the A570 value in the cells of the 500 lx illuminating for 12 hours and 24 hours in comparison with the control group (P =0.013,0.001).Compared with the control group,the ratio of the number between G2 and G1 phase was not significantly declined in 125 lx,250 lx illuminating for 48 hours (P =0.073,0.330),and the ratio in the 500 lx illuminating group was significantly lower than those in the 250 lx illuminated group and the control group (P =0.028,0.038).RT-PCR revealed that the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA in the cells was higher in the 250 lx illuminated group than that of the 500 lx illuminated group (P=0.006).The expression of iNOS mRNA was gradually upregulated in the 250 lx illuminated group compared with the control group (P =0.001),but that in the 500 lx illuminated group was downregulated (P =0.000).The expression of bFGF mRNA was raised in the 125 lx and 250 lx groups but reduced in the 500 lx group when compared with the control group(P=0.002,0.000,0.005).Also,the expression of TH mRNA was significantly increased in the 250 lx group(P=0.000),but decreased in the 500 lx group(P=0.000,P=0.001).Conclusions The monochromatic light of 530 nm can inhibit the growth of rat Müller cells and downregulate the expression of myopia-related cell factors and therefore exert effect in the formation of myopia.

Background Retinal Muller cells participate in the pathological process of diabetic retinopathy (DR) through expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).It is reported that FK506 inhibits the expression of VEGF in solid tumors and experimental corneal neovascularization,but whether FK506 exerts its role on retinal Müller cells or not is still unclear.Objective This study aimed to investigate how FK506 affects the expression vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rat retinal Müller cells under the condition of high glucose.Methods Immortalized rat retinal Müller cell line was regularly cultivated and logarithmic phase of cells were incubated in 96-well plate with the cell density of 1 × 104/ml.Different concentrations of FK506 (800.00,400.00,200.00,100.00,75.00,50.00,25.00,12.50 and 6.25 pg/ml) (100 μl/well) were added into the culture medium to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of FK506 by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT).The cell lines were cultured with DMEM medium (containing D-glucose of 5.5 mmol/L) or high glucose DMEM (containing D-glucose of 50 mmol/L),and 75 pg/ml FK506 were added into DMEM,respectively,and the cells were divided into the normal control group,FK506 group,high glucose culture group and high glucose + FK506 group.ELISA was employed to assay the content of VEGF protein in the cell supernatant.The expressions of VEGF mRNA and protein in the cells were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot,respectively.Results The cells grew well in the normal control group,FK506 group,high glucose culture group and high glucose+FK506 group in 12,24 and 48 hours after culture with the polygon-like shape.The IC50 of FK506 was 75 pg/ml.The contents of FK506 in the cell supernatant were (966.46± 13.59) pg/ml,(1 059.42±67.43) pg/ml,(16 243.11 ±3 926.38) pg/ml and (9 467.25± 1 525.56) pg/ml in the normal control group,FK506 group,high glucose culture group and high glucose+FK506 group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the four groups (F =20.51,P =0.00).The VEGF levels in cell supernatant were significantly higher in the high glucose group than those of the normal group and the high FK506 group (P =0.00,P =0.02),but no significant difference was found in the VEGF level in cell supernatant between the control group and FK506 group (P =0.08).The expressions of VEGF mRNA and protein in the cells were significantly different among the four groups (F=126.06,P=0.00;F=5.44,P=0.01),and the relative expressing values of VEGF mRNA and protein in the cells of the high glucose group were significantly higher than those of the control group and the high+ FK506 group (all at P＜0.01).The relative expressing values of VEGF mRNA and protein were 0.64±0.09 and 0.68±0.18 in the FK506 group,which were lower than those of the normal control group (0.84±0.07 and 0.75± 0.03).However,no significant differences were seen between the two groups (P =0.05,0.07).Conclusions The expression of VEGF in rat retinal Müller cells up-regulates under the high glucose condition.FK506 plays inhibitory effects on VEGF expression to certain extent in vitro.

Background Dry eye is increasing gradually recently,but its etiology and manifestation are very diverse.Studies showed that menopause of adult females was one of the risk factors of dry eye.In addition,some inflammatory factors also participate in the pathogenesis and development.But the study on the relationship of sex hormone with inflammation and ocular surface damage is still below understanding.Objective This study was to investigate the expressing changes of interleukin (IL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in conjunctiva and the manifestation of ocular surface in ovariectomized rat model.Methods Twenty clear female SD rats were randomized into the ovariectomized group and the sham operative group according to randomized number table.Ovariectomy was performed in the ovariectomized group,and abdominal myotomy without ovariectomy was performed in the sham operative group.Serum estrogen and androgen levels were detected by radiation immunoassay 3 months after operation.Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t) and corneal fluorescence staining were carried out in the rats before operation and 1 month,2 and 3 months after operation.The morphology of conjunctival epithelial cells was examined by hematoxylin & eosin staining at the 3rd month after operation.The expressions of IL-17A,IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-α in conjunctiva were semi-quantitative analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.The use and care of the animals complied with State Science and Technology Commission Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals.Results Serum estrogen levels were (23.53 ± 1.65) pg/L and (47.89 ± 1.05) pg/L 3 months after surgery in the ovariectomized group and the sham operative group,respectively; the serum androgen levels were (1.84±0.09) ng/L and (2.47±0.12)ng/L in the ovariectomized group and the sham operative group,respectively,showing a significant decline of serum estrogen and androgen levels in the ovariectomized group compared with the sham operative group (t=-35.37,-12.13,both at P＜0.01).No significant differences were seen in S Ⅰ t between the two groups among various time points (Fgroup =0.38,P =0.55 ; Ftime =0.13,P =0.72 ; Finteraction =0.39,P =0.76).No obvious fluorescence staining was seen in the cornea of both the ovariectomized group and the sham operative group.The histopathological examination showed that the layers of rat conjunctival epithelial cells increased with the disordered arrangement in the ovariectomized group.Immunochemistry showed that the expressions of IL-17A,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α (A values) were significantly higher in the ovariectomized group than those in the sham operative group (IL-17A:t=8.22,P＜0.01 ;IL-1β:t=16.43,P＜0.01 ;IL-6:t=13.44,P＜0.01 ;TNF-α:t=16.26,P＜0.01).Western blot assay showed the similar results (IL-17A:t=19.41,P＜0.01 ;IL-1β:t=12.63,P＜0.01 ;IL-6:t=17.17,P＜0.01 ;TNF-α:t=15.19,P＜0.01).Conclusions Serum estrogen and androgen levels drop obviously,and there is an up-regulation of IL and TNF-α expression in conjunctiva tissue in the ovariectromized SD rats.However,no obvious dry eye-related sign occurs.

OBJECTIVETo control the quality of the product, quantitative fingerprint was used to evaluate the composition of the amino acids in the Xingnao Tongluo injection.

METHODThe method of the quantitative fingerprint to the amino acids composition was established through AccQ Tag precolumn derivatization. The quality was evaluated by the quantitative test of the amino acids and the similarity in ten batches.

RESULTThe Xingnao Tongluo injection contained 12 amino acids and the contents of these amino acids were stable. All the ten batches of the samples had similarity of more than 0.90.

CONCLUSIONThe method was accurate, feasible and could be a simple and effective way to evaluate the quality of the traditional Chinese medicine.

Background Wearing contaclenincreasethe risk of infection of the cornea.Some studieshowed the gas-permeability of materialused foconstructing corneal contaclenione of the contributing factorrelated to corneal health.Objective Thistudy wato observe the in vitro adherence ability of differenbacterito rigid gas-permeable contaclense(RGP-CL) made with varioumaterials.MethodContaclensemade with hexafocon,enflufocon opolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were placed into Staphylococcuaureus,Staphylococcuepidermidis,oPseudomonaaeruginosbacterial suspension(0.5 MCF) fo24 hours.The strength of bacterial adherence watested and studied by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetrimethod based on absorbance (value),and the vortex method waused to calculate the colony forming units.The bactericlump formation waexamined with scanning electron microscope (SEM).ResultMTcolorimetrimethod showed thathe adherence ability of Staphylococcuaureuto hexafocon (value) wasignificantly lowethan thato enflufocon and PMMA,respectively (q=7.379,8.207,P＜0.01),buno significandifference wafound in the adherence ability of Staphylococcuaureubetween enflufocon and PMM(q =0.828,P＞0.05).The adherence ability of Staphylococcuepidermidito XO and enflufocon walowethan thato PMM(q =14.000,12.800,P＜0.01),buno significandifference wafound between the adherence of Staphylococcuepidermidito hexafocon and enflufocon material (q =1.200,P＞0.05).There wano significandifference in the adherence ability of Pseudomonaaeruginosto all three material(F=2.155,P=0.138).The vortex method presented the colony forming unitof Staphylococcuaureuto hexafocon,enflufocon and PMMwith (37.9± 1.5)×106,(49.9±2.2)×106 and (67.4± 1.6)×106,respectively,with significandifference among them (F =206.240,P＜0.01),showing the lowesvalue in hexafocon,the highesvalue in PMMand middle value in enflufocon (q=11.650,28.640,16.990,P＜0.01),Moreover,colony forming uniof Staphylococcuepidermidito hexafocon,enflufocon and PMMwa(7.9 ± 1.3) × 106,(10.5 ± 1.5) × 106,(11.2 ±1.2) × 106,respectively.And thaof hexafocon walowethan one of the PMMmaterial (q =5.060,P＜0.05).No significandifference wafound between hexafocon and enflufocon nobetween hexafocon and PMM(q =3.290,1.770,P＞0.05).In addition,the resultthacorresponded to the vortex method were seen in the MTcolorimetriassay (F =0.232,P =0.799).SEM examination showed dispersed population of Staphylococcuaureuand Staphylococcuepidermidion the surfaceof hexafocon and enflufocon;while much more Staphylococcuaureuand Staphylococcuepidermidiadhered on the surface of PMMA,forming net-like appearance.Conversely,high numbeof Pseudomonaaeruginoswaseen on the surface of all three materials,withounoticeable differencein the bacterial shape and quantity on each of the material.ConclusionThe adherence ability of bacterito PMMistrongethan thaof hexafocon and enflufocon,and gas-permeable material of RGP-CL doenoimpacthe adherence ability of bacteria.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Myocarditis ; diagnosis ; pathology

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of renal or upper ureteral stones.Methods The data of 32 patients diagnosed as renal or upper ureteral stones were retrospectively reviewed,who underwent ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy from June to October,2015,including 29 kidney stones,3 upper ureteral stones,of which 21 single stone,7 multiple stones,and 4 staghorn stones.There were 8 cases with inferior calyx stones,10 with renal pelvis stones,3 with upper ureteral stones,10 with renal pelvis stones plus inferior calyx stones and 1 with renal pelvis stones plus upper calyx stones.The mean stone size was (20.1 ±7.6) mm (ranging from 10 to 41mm).The mean Hounsfield unit (HU) was (1 125.9 ±225.9) Hu (ranging from 520 to 1 550Hu).In this cohort,13 cases had mild hydronephrosis,2 moderate hydronephrosis,1 severe hydronephrosis while no hydronephrosis identified in the other 16 patients.One case had concomitant kidney and ureter duplication malformation,and 1 case had residual stones after laparoscopic nephrolithotomy.Results All of the patients were treated by single tract UMP.Among them,middle calyceal puncture was performed in 9 cases,and the other 23 cases underwent lower calyceal puncture,including 4 cases of intercostal puncture,and 28 subcostal puncture.The mean operating time was (30.3 ± 15.0) min (ranging from 10 to 90 min).The mean postoperative hospital stay was (1.9 ± 1.0)days (ranging from 1 to 5 days).The mean hemoglobin decrease was(14.6 ±8.4)g/L (ranging from 1 to 46 g/L).No analgesics were used.Peri-operative complication rate was 3.13％ (1/32) with 1 case of collection system perforation.There was no fever,severe bleeding,urinary extravasation,pleural injury,or blood transfusion.The SFR was 93.75％ (30/32) and 96.88％ (31/32) on the first day and the first month after the operation,respectively.Conclusions UMP could be a safe and effective method for the treatment of renal or upper ureteral stones,especially for inferior calyceal stones less than 2cm.It offers high stone clearance rate,minimally invasiveness,quick recovery,short length of hospital stay and improved quality of life.