Objective To analyze the prevention and management of in-hospital complications to the surgical treatment of hip fractures in elder patients (≥80 years). Methods An retrospective data of 198 hip fracture patients with surgical treatment between Jan. 1996 and Mar. 2004 was reviewed. Their age ranged from 80 to 98 years with an average of 85.2 years. 93 cases were femoral neck fracture (Garden type Ⅰ 2 cases, type Ⅱ 10 cases, type Ⅲ 52 cases and type Ⅳ 29 cases) while 105 were intertrochanteric fracture ( Evan type Ⅰ 3 cases, typeⅡ 37 cases, type Ⅲ 39 cases and type Ⅳ 26 cases). Local anaesthesia, general anaesthesia and epidural anaesthesia were used in 2, 38 and 158 cases respectively. Femoral neck fractures were treated with bipolar femoral head replacement in 77 patients, total hip replacement in 13 patients, and compressive cannulated screw fixation in 3 patients respectively. Intertrochanteric fractures were treated with close reduction and dynamic hip screw (DHS) internal fixation. Results The average operation duration and blood loss were 53 min and 110 ml respectively in the bipolar femoral head replacement group, 94 min and 165 ml in the total hip replacement group, 35 min and 30 ml in the screw fixation group and 40 min and 60 ml in the DHS group. 17 cases under cemented hip replacement suffered obviously transient arterial blood pressure drop. 36 cases (18.2%) had postoperative complications, among which the mental system and circulation system were more inclined to be involved. The average in-hospital time was 18.6 days and 2 cases died in hospital. The average time from admission to operation (waiting time ) was 6 days. Among 46 cases longer than 7 days, 9 cases (19.6%) had postoperative complications. Among 152 cases no longer than 7 days, 27 cases (17.8%) had postoperative complications. It showed no statistical significant difference between the two groups in complication incidence. Conclusion To gain good results in elderly patients of hip fracture by operation, less invasive and quick anaesthetic technique and operative procedures are encouraged. Meticulous preoperative preparation, active preventing and treating the intraoperative and postoperative complications should be emphasized on.

The main form of the postgraduate medical training in China is residency standard-ized training, while the residency training system in some European and American developed countries is relatively mature. A review is presented on the programs of residency standardized training in Europe and America, concentrating on their strength and defects and reaching the conclusion that standard-ization, high-efficiency, personalization, socialization and internationalization can be the new trends in the development of residency standardized training in China.

Objective To probe the clinical character,the histopathological classification and misdiagnoses of intraocular tumors. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 359 patients with intraocular tumor diagnosed clinically between 1980～2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 300 cases of malignant tumor and 23 cases of benign tumor respectively. Non oncologic malady and benign tumor misdiagnosed as tumor or malignant tumor were 40 cases. The two leading malignant tumors were retinoblastoma and melanoma. Conclusion The clinical and pathological analysis of intraocular tumor is beneficial to the correct clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Acclimatization ; Dizziness ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Humans ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve ; physiology

Objective To observe the effects of estrogen on the behavior and the norepinephrine level in the habenular nucleus of depressive rats,and explore the mechanism of estrogen involved in the process of antidepression.Methods Thirty rats were chosen from forty male Wistar rats,which had the similar scores in open field test.The depression models of rats were established by chronic mild stress.Open field test and forced swimming test were performed to detect the behavioral changes between rats with ovary excision(OVX) and with estradiol-treated ovary excision(OV/ER).High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to observe the changes of norepinephrine level in habenular nucleus.Results After 21-day chronic mild stress,the open field test showed that the vertical motion and cross motion in OV/ER group were increased(P

Heart Diseases ; genetics ; Humans ; Proteomics

Objective To explore the expression and significance of hedgehog signal molecules (Ptch, Smo and Gli1 ) in pancreatic cancer. Methods Two hundred SD rats were randomly divided into DMBA group ( group A, n = 90), cyclopamine intervening group ( group B, n = 90) and control group ( group C, n = 20).For group A and B, DMBA was directly implanted into the parenchyma of the pancreas to establish the model of pancreatic cancer. The rats in group B were treated with 6.25 ml/kg cyclopamine and DMSO solution intraperitoneally daily. All rats were sacrificed four months later to observe the pancreatic tissue pathologic changes, and immunohistochemistry SP was used to detect the expression of Ptch, Smo, Gli1 protein in pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissue. Results The prevalence rate of pancreatic cancer in group A was 57.5％ (46/80), the maximum size of the tumor was 0.5 ～ ＞2 cm; the prevalence rate of pancreatic cancer in group B was 17.1％ ( 14/82), the maximum size of the tumor was 0.5 ～ 2.0 cm, and the difference between the two group was statistically significant (P ＜0.05). The positive expression rate of Ptch, Smo and Gli1 protein was 82.6％, 73.9％ and 65.2％ in DMBA group, and was 50.0％, 42.9％ and 28.6％ in cyclopamine group, and the difference between the two group was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Ptch,Smo and Gli1 protein was expressed in normal pancreatic tissue. Conclusions Direct implantation of DMBA in the parenchyma of rat pancreas can induce pancreatic cancer with a high incidence in a short time.Hedgehog signal protein expression is significantly increased, cyclopamine can inhibit the occurrence and progression of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting Hedgehog messenger expression.

Objective To study the effects of an extended-interval dosing regimen of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a) in the treatment of adenomyosis. Methods 20 patients with adenomyosis who asked for medicine treatment were divided into two groups randomly(n=10). The patients in the study group were given four doses of triptorelin depot 3. 75mg every 6 weeks in a new extended-interval dosing regimen. The other patients in the control group were given triptorelin 3.75mg in the conventional depot regimen of six doses,each given 4 weeks apart. The changes of degree of dysmenorrhea and the uterine volume were investigated. And the level of sexual hormone was also detected both before and after therapy.Results After six months of therapy,the reliving rate of dysmenorrheal was 100% both in the new regimen and the conventional regimen. The uterine volume was reduced at 46.7 % and 47. 5 % . And the level of LH, FSH and E2 were decreased significantly(P 0.05).Conclusion The use of the extended-interval dosing regimen of triptorelin depot in adenomyosis results in a consistent hypoestrogenised state,which is similar to that achieved by the conventional regimen. The new regimen thus reduces the cost of treatment obviously.

Objective To explore the expression and significance of hedgehog signal molecules (Ptch,Smo and Gli1 ) in chronic pancreatitis tissues in rats.MethodsSixty SD rats were randomly divided into CP group (n =50) and control group (n =10).DBTC solvent (8 mg · ml-1 · kg-1 ) was injected into the rat via tall vein in CP group.In control group,rats were treated only with the solvent at a dose of 1ml/kg body weight.All rats were sacrificed 6 weeks later to observe the pancreatic pathologic changes.Collagen accumulation in pancreatic sections was determined by staining for Sirius red.Expressions of Ptch,Smo,Gli1 mRNA and protein in pancreatic tissues were assessed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe rate of chronic pancreatitis development in rats in CP group within six weeks was 73.9％.Collagen content was markedly higher in CP group than that in control group [ ( 38.52 ± 6.49 ) ％ ~s (7.37 ± 2.28 ) ％,P ＜ 0.05 ].No Path,Smo,Gli1 protein expression was observed in normal pancreatic tissues in control group.The positive rate of Ptch,Smo,Gli 1 expression was 73.5％,64.7％ and 52.9％ in CP group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of Ptch,Smo,Gli1 mRNA were 2.38 ±0.42,3.85 ± 1.03,4.63 ± 1.49 in CP group,which were significantly higher than those in control group (0.23 ±0.16,0.14 ±0.05,0.57 ±0.12,P ＜0.05).ConclusionsThe Ptch,Smo,Gli1 was highly expressed in pancreatic tissues in CP rats,suggests hedgehog messenger pathway may play an important role in the chronic inflammation and fibrosis of chronic pancreatitis.