Objective To evaluate the etiologies of children with gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB), and the relationship between the pathological findings and clinical.Methods Gastroscopy or proctoscope was performed in 153 children with GIB. Pathological studies and tests as for helicobactor pylori (Hp) were undertaken.Results Among 153 children,140 cases(91.5 %) had definite diagnosis,including 74 children with upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB) and 66 cases with lower gastrointestinal bleeding(LGIB). Gastric pathologic study was conducted in 56 cases. All patients had chronic superficial gastritis(CSFG). Hp test was positive in 33 patients. There was significant difference in the positive rate of Hp test between patients with gastritis or duodenitis and those with ulcers (P

OBJECTIVEN-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and cytochrome P450 2EI (CYP2E1) play a crucial role in the drug metabolic process. The aim of this study was to understand the genotype and phenotype polymorphisms of NAT2 and CYP2E1 in the Han Chinese pediatric population in order to provide a theoretical basis for individualized drug treatment.

METHODSA total of 341 (211 males and 130 females) randomly sampled Han Chinese children, aged from 2 months to 14 years, were enrolled in this study. Genotyping was carried out by PCR method, and metabolic phenotypes were identified.

RESULTSIn this study population, wild genotype was found as a major genotype in seven SNPs of NAT2, rs1801279, rs1041983, rs1801280, rs1799929, rs1799930, rs1208 and rs1799931. The frequency of NAT2 fast metabolism was highest (61.3%), followed by middle to slow metabolism (34.1%). Wild genotype also predominated in the four SNPs of CYP2E1 (rs2031920, rs3813867, rs6413432 and rs72559720) named as CYP2E1*5, *6 and *2, with a frequency of 61.3%, 60.1% and 99.4% respectively. As the relationship between CYP2E1 genotype and phenotype was unknown, phenotyping of CYP2E1 was not done.

CONCLUSIONSThe important SNPs of NAT2 and CYP2E1 are predominantly wild genotype in the Han Chinese pediatric population. Fast metabolic phenotype predominates in important SNPs of NAT2.

Adolescent ; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; ethnology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of neural salient serine/arginine-rich protein 1 (NSSR1) in colorectal cancer.

METHODSRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of NSSR1 mRNA and protein in different mouse tissues and human colorectal cancer, respectively.

RESULTSNSSR1 mRNA was expressed in mouse cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, liver, intestine, kidney and lung tissue, but NSSR1 protein was only expressed in neural tissues. In normal human intestinal mucosa, NSSR1 was expressed in the colorectal epithelial cells. In colorectal cancer, NSSR1 was highly expressed in the nucleus of tumor cells.

CONCLUSIONThe extensive expression of NSSR1 in colorectal cancer cells may hint it's roles in the biological function of colorectal cancer.

Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Colon ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rectum ; metabolism ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors

Peking University Third Hospital is one of the first hospitals for experiments in clinical pathway selected by the Ministry of Health,which keeps optimizing the clinical pathway management mechanism and function of information system in its 4-year practice.This article described the combination strategy of clinical pathway management and information system applications,in terms of reasonable design of the management plan,standardized clinical pathway,strengthened execution control and improvement of the quality control.The purpose is to balance the relationship between clinical pathway management norms and user-friendliness of the system,enhance rationality and feasibility,improve efficiency and provide high-quality service to ensure medical safety.

Acute Disease ; therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bloodletting ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tonsillitis ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of hemangioma of small intestine in children.Methods Location,pathology,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment of 3 cases from our hospital and 44 cases reported in our courtry with hemangioma of the small bowel were analyzed from 1994 to 2004.Results These tumors locating in jejunum,ileum,duodenum as well as parts small intestine were 31.9%,42.6%,4.2% and 21.3%,respectively.Solitary and multiple tumors were 29.8% and 70.2% separately.The histopatholical report of 10 cases revealed that capillary,cavernous,mixed type hemangioma and hematolymphangioma were 2,6,1 and 1 cases,respectively.Thirty nine children presented with recurrent black stool.Five patients manifest in the form of intussusception.One child passed a bloody stool so massive as to cause shock.Small-bowel obstruction occurred in 5 cases.The hemoglobin of 38 patients were lower than 90 g/L.The incidence of preoperative diagnosis was only 10.6%.All of patients were performed operation.Conclusions The frequent locations of hemangioma of small intestine are in ileum and jejunum,and multiple tumors are common.The diseases are characterized as recurrent hematochezia with painlessness.Preoperative diagnosis of a small bowel hemangioma can be very difficult.The segments of small bowel with hemangioma resection are the most method of the treatment.

Triterpenes, which have large application potential in the treatment of cancer, are the main active components of genuine medicinal material Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is one of the important rate-limiting enzymes in the synthetic pathway of triterpenes. In this study the FPPS full length cDNA of the A. orientale, was cloned via homology-based cloning approach and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full length of the FPPS cDNA was 1 531 bp (accession no. HQ724508), which contained a full 1 032 bp ORF that encoded 343 amino acids. The deduced protein sequence exhibited five conserved motifs, two of which is riched of Asp (DDXXD). The result of real-time quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) showed that FPPS gene was expressed in different organs of A. orientale. The expression increased from October to the first ten-day period of December, and then decreased. The FPPS gene expression was higher in leaves but lower in leafstalk, tuber and root. HPLC analysis of active components 23-acetyl-alismol B of A. orientale. during different periods indicated that its change trend should be consistent with FPPS gene expression. It can be primarily deduced that FPPS gene should be an important control point in the synthetic pathway of Alisma terpenes. This study may facilitate the quality of medicinal plants through gene engineering in the future.

Objective To describe the distribution of positive lymph nodes of muscle invasive bladder cancer, and explore the relationship between positive nodes and pathological characters. Methods Pathological data from 208 consecutive cases of muscle invasive bladder cancer were collect-ed and reviewed. The correlation of tumor grade, tumor stage and lymph nodes status was analyzed. The locations and numbers of positive nodes were recorded and compared according to the specific grade or stage. Results There were 153 cases (73.6%)of G_3 tumor and 55 cases(26.4%) of G_2 tumor and none G_1 (0%)in this cohort. The case number from pT1 to pT4 was 59(28. 4%)、58 (27.8%)、48(23.0%)and 43(20.6%), respectively. The tumor grade was positively correlated with tumor stage in this cohort (r=0. 392, P=0. 000). 153 cases had been taken lymph node dissection. There was more node positive cases in pT_3 and pT_4 than that in T_1 (P=0. 001 ,P=0. 000), as well as pT_4 compared with pT_2 (P= 0. 012). The data showed that most of the positive nodes were located within the pelvic region. There was only 1 case and 1 node positive for G_1/G_2 tumor with 24.84% of node positive cases for G_3. The positive nodes involved from pelvic to proximal artery while the stage increased. Conclusions There is less chance for low grade (G_1/G_2) bladder cancer to be node posi-tive compared with G_3 ones. It is necessary to take a extensive lymphadenectomy for the patients with stage more than T_2.

Objective To investigate the correlation between retraction phenomenon on the coronal planes obtained by an automated breast volume scanner ABVS and biological behaviors of breast cancer Methods Two hundred and eighty-eight female patients with 293 pathologically proven breast cancers were included in this study All of them underwent ABVS examinations before surgery Retraction phenomenon on the coronal planes was evaluated retrospectively Correlation between retraction phenomenon and hormone receptor HR human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 HER-2 Ki-67 molecular subtypes histologic type histologic grade lymph node status lesion size and patient age were evaluated by univariate logistic regression analysis Above significant variables were then enrolled in multivariate logistic regression analysis to select independent risk factors for retraction phenomenon Results By univariate logistic regression analysis Luminal A subtype odds radio OR =8 395 P <0 001 HR positive OR=4 876 P <0 001 HER-2 negative OR = 4 407 P < 0 001 lower expression of Ki-67 OR = 3 716 P <0 001 lower grade OR=3 574 P <0 001 lymph node invasion OR=2 053 P =0 004 and smaller lesion OR=1 762 P =0 033 were risk factors for retraction phenomenon while histologic type P =0 3 1 8 and patient age P = 0 612 were not By multivariate logistic regression analysis Luminal A subtype OR=9 877 P <0 001 lower grade OR=3 573 P <0 001 and lymph node invasion OR=2 730 P = 0 004 were independent risk factors for retraction phenomenon among which Luminal A subtype was the strongest one Conclusions Retraction phenomenon on the coronal planes obtained by ABVS is closely related with Luminal A subtype and may be an imaging feature of less aggressive behaviors of breast cancer.

Objective: To study magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) technique. Methods: An external force actuator was developed, the imaging pulse sequence of MRE was designed,and tissue simulating phantoms were constructed. The actuator controlled by the pulse sepuence produced shear waves at low frequency on the surface of the phantoms. A modified gradient echo sequence was developed with motion sensitizing gradient (MSG)imposed along X,Y or Z direction.Cyclic displacement within the medium induced by shear waves caused a measurable phase shift in the received MR signal.From the measured phase shift,the displacement at each voxel could be calculated,and the propatating shear waves within the medium were directly imaged. By adjusting the phase offsets,the dynamic propagation of shear waves in a wave cycle was obtained.The phase images were processed to aquire quantitative elasticity image using local frequency estimation(LFE)method. The experiments were implemented with 1.0% and 1.5% tissue simulating agarose gel. Shear waves at frequency of 150 Hz,200 Hz,250 Hz,and 300 Hz were applied. Results: The phase images of MRE directly imaged the propagating shear waves within the phantoms.The wavelength of shear waves varied with the change of exciting frequency and stiffness of the phantoms. The wavelength of shear waves was exactly proportional to the frequency and stiffness of the phantom. The contrast of elasticity in agarose gel with two concentrations was clearly demonstrated on elasticity images.Conclusion: The phase images of MRE can directly visualize the propagation of shear waves in the medium. The elasticity image of MRE can quantitatively image the elastic modulus of the medium