Background and purpose:Bladder carcinoma is the most common tumor in the urogenital system in China. For patients with non-invasive bladder cancer, intravesical therapy is an important part of treatment after complete transurethral resection (TURBt). Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains the most effectively used immune agent, and epirubicin (EPI) has been reported to have an improved antitumor activity and high remission rate. However, the results differed significantly from study to study. To compare the efficacy and treatment-induced side effects of intravesical epirubicin versus BCG on postoperative recurrence of non-invasive bladder carcinoma, we completed a meta-analysis of the published literature. Methods:According to the criteria in the paper, we retrieved published comparative studies on intravesical epirubicin versus BCG for non-invasive bladder carcinoma. Data were extracted from each identified paper and Revman4.2 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:6 trials including 1 288 patients were eligible according to the eligibility criteria. Of 657 cases that were treated with epirubicin and 631 with BCG, recurrence occurred in 253 and 184 respectively. Pooling data of a meta-analysis indicated that BCG statistically reduced the incidence of tumor recurrence (Peto OR=1.60, 95%CI=[1.26, 2.03], P=0.000 1). With regard to tumor progression, BCG was also statistically superior to epirubicin (Peto OR=1.70, 95%CI=[1.16, 2.49], P=0.006). 5 studies reported the comparison on main local side effects in terms of hematuria, cystitis or irritative symptoms. Combined results showed that the incidence of hematuria (Peto OR=0.47, 95%CI=[0.35, 0.62], P

Aim To study the inhibitory effects and its mechanis ms of Garlic Polysaccharide (GP) on adriamycin(ADR)-induced cardiotoxicity in mic e.Mehtod ADR was injected intraperitoneally to induce myocardiu m injury model in mice. The activities of several serum and heart tissue enzymes were measured. With scanning electron microscope, the cardiac ultrastructural c hanges were examined.Results ADR (3 mg?kg -1 ip, qod?7) induced severe myocardial damages with the increasing activities of creatine kin ase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) a nd inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (P

Objective: To investigate the effect of irrational use of traditional Chinese patent medicines (CPM) on medication safety.Methods: The adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports on traditional CPM (including traditional Chinese medicine for injection) in our hospital during January 2013 to October 2016 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.After finding the corresponding prescriptions, the situation of irrational drug use in the reports including indications, usage and dosage, combination of traditional CPM, combination of Chinese and western medicines and course were analyzed, and the rate of irrational drug use was calculated.Results: A total of 217 reports were collected including 217 patients.The primary diseases ranked top three were cardio-cerebral vascular system diseases, digestive system diseases and respiratory system diseases.The cases involved 81 kinds of drugs, and among them, 37 cases were induced by Shenmai injection.The rate of irrational drug use associated with indications, usage and dosage, combination of traditional Chinese patent medicines, combination of Chinese and western medicines and course was 6.45% , 5.99% , 2.76% , 0.92% and 1.84% , respectively, and the total rate was 17.97% (39/217).Conclusion: The irrational drug use maybe one of the important factors related to ADR of CPM.According to syndrome differentiation, CPM should be used rationally, and pharmaceutical care should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of ADR.

Fostering students'scientific research ability not only needs the advanced theory,but also needs suitable indicating means. This paper systematicaly analyzed the thinking and behavior pattern of students before,after and during the whole course of research,and mainly summarized about teachers'important role in the fostering students'scientific research ability.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of flavonoids of Astragalus complanatus(FAC) on D-galactose-induced sub-acute aging in mice. METHODS:The subacute aging mice model were established with the use of D-galactose,and the effect of FAC on the associated indexes in model mice such as enzymes,immune organ indexes,hypoxia tolerance time,swimming time under hypoxic condition etc were recorded. RESULTS:FAC treatment significantly up-regulated the activity of SOD,down-regulated MDA content,markedly increased the spleen index and thymus index,prolonged the surviving and swimming time markedly under anoxia condition. CONCLUSION:FAC has anti-aging effect and it can enhance mice's abil-ity against hypoxia and fatigue,which is probably associated to the enhancement of the nonspecific immunity in mice.

Objective: The demand of new rural cooperative medical system in Jiangsu province of the quantitative research is analyzed. Methods: To analyze cross-sectional data in 2011 statistical yearbook of Jiangsu province and China Statistical yearbook by using Extend Linear Expenditure System ( ELES) Model. Results: The farmers of Jiangsu for medical need a lower tendency and middle-income households below the expenditure on basic medical needs. In the premise of the farmers’ live, increase the income of medical and the demand will increase too. Conclusion:It needs to carry out effective propaganda work, improve the level of financing of the new rural cooperative medical system, implement the reform of the medical system.

Aim To establish a novel locomotor model based on accumulate peripheral active time percent(APATP)in ICR mice induced by pentobarbital sodium(PB)and diazepam.Methods Total distance, accumulate peripheral active time and accumulate peripheral time were aquired from video tracking system with computer, and APATP in all groups was fit and got correspondent parameters with Drugs Analysis System 2.0. Logarithm of area under the curve(lgAUC_(0-60)), minimum APATP(lgP_(min)), and half time of steady-state locomotor activity(T_(1/2α)) were ready for evaluation.Results APATP decreased with time increasing in all groups gradually, and PB 10 mg·kg~(-1) and PB 15 mg·kg~(-1) had similar tendency.PB 10 mg·kg~(-1) and PB 15 mg·kg~(-1) all decreased APATP significantly throughout the time course.APATP in all mice was fit to kinetics equation.Compared with norm group, PB 5 mg·kg~(-1) decreased three parameters slightly(all P >0.05), and PB 10 mg·kg~(-1) and PB 15 mg·kg~(-1) had similar tendency.PB 10 mg·kg~(-1) (all P <0.05) and PB 15 mg·kg~(-1) (P <0.01, P <0.01 and P >0.05)decreased parameters.Compared with PB 10 mg·kg~(-1) , PB 15 mg·kg~(-1) increased reversely(P >0.05, P <0.05 and P <0.05).lgAUC_(0-60) and lgPmin were both linar with total distance(r 2=1.0000 and r 2=0.9995, both P <0.01), T_(1/2α) also showed similar tendcency as well as total distance.Refering PB 10 mg·kg~(-1) as positive drugs and norm as negative control, diazepam 2 mg·kg~(-1) and 4 mg·kg~(-1) depressed all parameters significantly compared with norm group(all P <0.01) and were similar as PB 10 mg·kg~(-1) , which indicated that sedative effect of diazepam was the same as PB 10 mg·kg~(-1) .Conclusion Locomotor activity model based on APATP may be used to evaluate drug effects on lomocotor activity induced by sedative hypnotics.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of Shugan Yiyang Capsules combined with sertraline in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE).

METHODSWe randomly assigned 192 PE patients to receive sertraline hydrochloride 50 mg qd (control group, n = 96) or sertraline hydrochloride 50 mg qd plus Shugan Yiyang Capsules at the dose of 4 capsules tid ( combination therapy group, n = 96) , both for 6 weeks. We compared the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and Chinese Index of Premature Ejaculation ( CIPE) scores between the two groups of patients before and after medication and at 6 weeks after drug withdrawal.

RESULTSCompared with the baseline, the IELT was significantly increased after 6 weeks of medication in the combination therapy group ([1.41 ± 0.53] vs [6.69 ± 3.56] min, P < 0.05) and the control group ([1.43 ± 0.48] vs [5.37 ± 2.91] min, P < 0.05), and so was the CIPE score in the former (9. 80 ± 2.06 vs 21.62 ± 4.76, P < 0.05) and the latter group ([9.41 ± 1.97] vs [20.85 ± 4.83] , P < 0.05). In comparison with the pre-medication indexes, the IELT ([3.77 ± 1.63] min) and CIPE score (16.92 ± 3.37) of the combined therapy group were remarkably improved at 6 weeks after drug withdrawal (P < 0.05), but not those of the control ([1.19 ± 1.34] min and 10.59 ± 2.38, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONShugan Yiyang Capsules combined with sertraline have a definite and lasting effect on premature ejaculation.

Capsules ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Premature Ejaculation ; drug therapy ; Sertraline ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharide(APS)on expression of interleukin-4(IL-4)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)in non-obese diabetic(NOD)mice.Methods 20 NOD mice were randomly divided into the APS group and control group with 10 animals in each group.The mice of the APS group took APS 2 g/kg/d orally for two months.The animals of the control group took same quantity saline.The incidence rate of type 1 diabetes mellitus of two groups was calculated,and pancreatic histopathology was observed with microscope,and expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ were examined with RT-PCR for both APS group and control group.Results The incidence rate of type 1 diabetes mellitus of the APS group was lower than the control group,and histopathology of islets were more protected,expression of IFN-γ was lower and expression of IL-4 was higher in the APS group.Conclusion APS may correct the imbalance of cytokines.

This article elucidates the relationship between the human susceptibility to obesity and gene polymorphisms such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors(PPARs)and PPAR?coactivator-1,along with milestones in the formation and development of capacity for fat deposition during evolutionary history of human.An biological evolutionary analysis,identifying factors favoring the energy stores,may be helpful to the development of preventive public health strategies.