Many microbial pathogens,including those responsible for major enteric infections,exploit oligosaccharides that are displayed on the surface of host cells as receptors for toxins and adhesins. Blocking crucial ligand receptor interactions is therefore a promising therapeutic strategy. One approach is to express molecular mimics of host receptors on the surface of harmless recombinant bacteria that can survive in the gut. These recombinant probiotics bind bacterial toxins in the gut lumen with very high avidity,thereby preventing disease.

Fermentation property and kinetic analysis of the inhibition of in vitro growth of pathogenic Escherichia coli K88, O138 by Lactobacillus intestinalis isolated from porcine intestine mucus were investi-gated. The results of fermentation showed that L1 result in a pH of 3.90 within 12 h and a large amount of lactic acid production, with the concentration of 104.08 mmol/L. Kinetic analysis of the antibacterial activity of L1 metabolic product toward K88, O138 showed that CFUS display strong antibacterial activity toward K88, O138; the antibacterial activity of L1 CFUS was higher than the lactic acid control samples and was mainly due to the production of lactic acid; K88, O138 had the tolerance property toward pH 4.5.

0.05).Conclusions Serum DAO can be used as a sensitive marker to early diagnose gastrointestinal dysfunction in critical neonates.Serum D-lactate will be of high specific clinical significance in diagnosis,the change of D-lactate may have relations to the features of intestinal microflora in early neonates.

Blindness ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Vision, Low ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control

Objective To observe the change of six cytokines in mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis as part of the study on immunological mechanism in the infection. Methods Mice were infected by abdominal inoculation of echinococcus protoscoleces. The change of serum level of the cytokines IL-2、IFN-?、TNF-?、IL-4、 IL-5 and IL-10 was determined by ELISA during the infection which lasted for 260 d. Results Compared with uninfected control, the levels of the cytokines all significantly increased in the 260 d. The level of IL-2 reached a peak after 80 d post-infection (p.i.), then decreased quickly after 140 d p.i., High level of TNF-? was detected after 40 d, compared to uninfected control, reached a peak at 100 d p.i., and decreased quickly after 140 d. The level of IFN-? reached a peak after 80 d p.i., and decreased slowly after 140 d p.i., The levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 remained lower before 80 d, and increased sharply after 100 days. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 reached peaks at 100 d p.i., and that of IL-5 at 140 d p.i. Conclusion The data suggest that the induction of Th2 antibody-mediated immunity (AMI) with a parallel expansion of Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory (CMI) responses are important mechanism of the host in defending against the metacestodes. Th1 CMI plays an important role at the early stage of infection, and Th2 AMI is important in the later stage of infection.

In order to obtain liposomes with properties of heptocyte-specificity and pH-sensitivity,four galactosylated derivatives were synthesized. A series of liposomes were prepared by mixing the galactosylated derivatives with DC-chol/DOPE respectively. The liposome 18-gal was proven to have favorable gene transfer efficiency to human hepatoma HepG2 cells, which was significantly inhibited in the presence of galactose solution, indicating that the liposomal transfection activity was mediated by asialoglycoprotein receptors. The liposome showed prominent pH-sensitivity and low cytotoxicity. Its optimum gene transfer conditions were also determined. The results showed that the liposome may be developed as a potential hepatocyte targeting pH sensitive delivery system for nucleic acid drugs.

Cardia ; pathology ; surgery ; China ; epidemiology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; Esophagoscopy ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Precancerous Conditions ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; surgery

Objective To optimize the preparation process for Fangji Huangqi Granules. Methods With the extraction rates of tetrandrine, fanchinoline, astragaloside Ⅳand solid as the parameters, the extract conditions of Fangji Huangqi Granules were optimized by orthogonal design . Then the anti-inflammation effect of the extracts was observed on the mice and rats. Results The optimal preparation process was as follows:the mixture of medical materials was firstly refluxed twice with total 10 times of 70 %alcohol,1.5 hours for each time, and then extracted twice with total 12 times of boiling water ,1.5 hours for each time. The anti-inflammation effect of the extracts was obvious on the mice and rats. Conclusion The optimal preparation process is reasonable and with high extraction rate of active components.

Objective:To prepare superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO) nanoparticles and to observe its acute toxicity on mice,so as to pave a way for further study on its long-term toxicity and on its role as a carrier in magnetic resonance gene imaging.Methods: The SPIO nanoparticle was obtained by means of co-precipitation,and its physical and chemical parameters were determined by transmission electron microscope,atomic force microscope,and 1.5 T super conduct MR,etc.According to the administration pathway and doses of SPIO,90 mice were divided into oral administration(with a total dose of 2 104.8 mg/kg and a volume of 40 ml/kg,n=30),intravenous injection(a total dose of 438.5 mg/kg and a volume of 25 ml/kg,n=30) and intraperitoneal injection(with a total dose 1 578.6 mg/kg and a volume of 30 ml/kg,n=30) groups.Another 10 mice in each group receiving the same dose of normal saline via the same pathway served as the controls(n=10).The general condition,the major serologic parameters,and the pathological changes of major organs were observed 14 d after administration in each group.Results: We have successfully prepared SPIO,and its core component was Fe3O4 crystal,with a size of 20-35 nm,a T2 relaxivity of 0.155?106 mol-1?sec-1,a specific saturated magnetization of 68.395 68 emu/g,and a retentivity of 21.463 74 Gs.There was no death of mice during the observation.There was no significant difference in serological parameters between mice of different groups and between each experiment group and their corresponding control group.No edema,degeneration and necrosis were seen in the liver,spleen,kidney,heart,and lungs by H-E staining and marrow by Wright staining;only a few blue particles were observed in the liver and spleen in the administration groups by Prussian blue staining,none observed in the control groups.Conclusion: SPIO prepared in the present study meets the requirement of MR imaging,with no acute toxicity to mice,and warrants further study for future MR gene imaging.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the point prevalence of nosocomial infection(NI) and discover the problems in the management of NI in a hospital.METHODS A team of surveyors were trained to inquire history of illness,do physical examination for inpatients and collect some necessary data from medical records on a single day.Questionnaires about NI cases were filled out and analyzed.RESULTS From 1500 patients,1493(99.53%) patients were investigated,the point prevalence and case prevalence of NI were 5.69% and 6.03%;the highest prevalence appeared in internal medicine at 8.54%;lower respiratory tract infections accounted for 38.89%;the detection rate of multi-drug resistant(MDR) bacteria was 49.23%;antimicrobial utilization rate was 48.69%.CONCLUSIONS The prevalence survey is a rapid and efficient method,which could offer evidence of target surveillance of NI.