Glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.The treatment of glaucomatous eyes is a long-term procedure.Laser treatment is becoming one of the three major methods to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) of glaucomatous patients.Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) mainly targets to the pigment cells on the trabecular meshwork and makes it easier for fluid to flow out of the front part of the eye,decreasing pressure in the eye.But,the actual mechanism of this surgery is below understood now.Compared with other laser therapy,SLT uses a lower-level laser to open the drainage angle of the eye,and therefore cause rare or slight complication,so it is thought to be a repeatable therapy to the patients who needs further treatment.The principle,clinical application,efficacy,safety and study progress about SLT for glaucomatous eyes are reviewed.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause responsible for the failure of drug development and for the withdrawal of commercial drug products.The high frequency of DILI is due in part to the physiology of the liver,since in many cases elimination of drug molecules from the body is dependent on hepatic clearance via either metabolism or biliary excretion.Many of the mechanistic details underlying DILI remain poorly defined in spite of extensive studies of the pathogenesis.In this regard,metabolomics may become a powerful tool for investigation of DILI,leading to better mechanistic understanding and biomarkers identification.

Objective:To establish the granulocyte-differentiation model of the HL60 cells which are treated with All-trans retinoic acid(ATRA),and to use the modified two-dimensional electrophoresis conditions to analyze the differences of protein expression between treated and untreated HL60 cells.Methods:HL60 cells were induced through treatment with All-trans retinoic acid(ATRA).For selection of the appropriate drug concentration and induction time,MTT and flow cytometry are used to detect the HL60cell proliferation and the expression of differentiation antigens CD11b respectively.Cellular chemical staining was used for the verification of the differentiation of the treated HL60 cells.The protein of HL60 cell lines could be separated by modified two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE).PDQuest software was used to analyze the different protein expression between treated and untreated HL60 cells.The protein was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption -time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF).Results:ATRA could inhibit HL60 cell proliferation,and with the increase in drug concentration,the effect of inhibiting was more significant.Treated with 2? M ATRA for five days,there were more than 90% of HL60 cells expressing antigenCD11b.Cellular chemical staining also showed that ATRA could induce HL60 cells to granulocyte cells.By the analysis of modified 2-DE and PDQuest software,25 protein spots was detected in untreated cells,while 15 protein spots was promoted Some of them were oncogene protein and suppressor gene protein,while some of others are involved in apoptosis.Conclusion:ATRA could induce HL60 cells to granulocyte cells in selected drug concentration and induction time.Using the modified two-dimensional electrophoresis conditions,different protein expression can be found from the traditional two-dimensional electrophoresis.

Craniocerebral Trauma ; surgery ; Humans ; Maxillofacial Injuries ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To study the expressions of p27Kip1 (p27) protein and Ki 67 antigen in human clear cell carcinoma of kidney and to find out the relationship between the expression levels and the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis in cases of clear cell carcinoma of kidney. Methods The expressions of p27 protein and Ki 67 antigen in the adjacent tissues of carcinoma in 20 cases and 42 cases of clear cell carcinoma of kidney were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The positive rates of p27 protein and Ki 67 antigen in clear cell carcinoma of kidney were significantly higher than those of the both in the adjacent tissues of carcinoma( P

Objective To explore specific risk factors in the early seizures after acute moderate and severe head injuries and understand incidence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) under coma. Methods Eighty-six patients with acute moderate and severe head injuries were monitored with video-electroencephalogram (video-EEG) for one week. Results (1) Of all, 7 cases (8.14%) had clinical seizures and 6 (6.98%) NCSE. (2) In patients with severe head injuries especially intracranial hemorrhage, post-traumatic seizures especially NCSE were more likely to occur, with no significant difference in sex and age. Conclusions Severe and critical head injuries and intracranial hemorrhage are specific risk factors for early post-traumatic seizures, especially NCSE. After brain injury, EEG should be used to evaluate traumatic coma even if clinical seizure does not appear.

Objective To investigate the expression of an inhibitor gene of apoptosis, clusterin, in prostate cancer and its relationship with the genesis and progression of prostate cancer and with the expressions of bcl 2 and p53. Methods The expressions of clusterin, bcl 2, and p53 in 10 cases of normal prostatic tissues, 15 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 49 cases of prostate cancer were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results The rates of strong positive or weak positive of clusterin in normal prostatic tissues, BPH, and prostate cancer were 10% (1/10), 66.6% (10/15), and 91.8% (45/49), respectively. The expression level of clusterin in prostate cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal prostatic tissues ( P

Objective To investigate the expression of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90? in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) and its clinical significance in the malignancy of BTCC. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect HSP70, HSP90?, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 50 cases of BTCC and 14 cases of normal bladder muscosa served as the controls. Results The positive expression rates of HSP70 and HSP90? in BTCC were 56% (28/50) and 66% (33/50), respectively. They were significantly correlated with the pathological grade, clinical stages, and prognosis. The expressions of HSP70 and HSP90? were significantly correlated to the expression of PCNA. Conclusion Expressions of HSP70 and HSP90? are closely associated with the differentiation of BTCC and its depth of invasion, which may play an important role in the genesis and development of BTCC. HSP70 and HSP90? can be used as a useful molecular marker for prognosis of BTCC.

Objective: To observe the serum testosterone (T) level and androgen receptor (AR) mRNA expression in peripheral leukocytes and thyroid tissues of patients with Graves disease, so as to investigate the relationship between the testosterone and androgen receptor with hyperthyroidism. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 8 female patients with Graves disease, 8 female patients with thyroid adenoma and 8 healthy control subjects; the patients were paired in gender and age. The plasma concentrations of testosterone were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the [3 H]-T specific binding sites in the peripheral leukocytes were determined by radioligand binding assay; the expression of AR mRNA in peripheral leukocytes were determined by RT-PCR; and the level of AR in thyroid tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry method. Results: The plasma concentrations of T were (660±80) ng/L and(620±100) ng/L in Graves disease group and control group, respectively(P>0.05); the [3 H]-T specific binding sites were (381 ± 105) sites/cell and (572±141) sites/cell in peripheral leukocytes, respectively(P<0.05). The mRNA expression of AR in Graves disease group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). The result of immunohistochemistry showed that the level of AR in thyroid tissues was higher in Graves group than that in the control group. Conclusion: The plasma level of T in patients with Graves disease is similar to that of normal controls, but the mRNA expression of AR in peripheral leukocytes and thyroid tissue is higher in Graves disease group than in the control group, which is supposed to be a protective reaction. Moreover, the binding capability of AR is lower in Graves disease group than that in the control group, which is probably caused by the accelerated decomposition of AR.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexamethasone(DXM)and fructose-1,6-diphosphate(FDP)on cardial troponin I(cTnI)and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase(CK-MB),and ultrastructure of myocardial cells in rats with endotoxemia.Methods Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:sodium chloride group(NS group,n=8),9 g?L-1 NS 1 mL,ip;lipopolysaccharide group(LPS group,n=24),administered with endotoxin(5 mg?kg-1,ip);DXM group(n=24):received DXM(5 mg?kg-1,ip)after injection of LPS 1 h;FDP(n=24)group,received FDP(1 g?kg-1,ip)after injection LPS 1 h.Then,they were sacrificed at 6 h,12 h,24 h and 72 h after injection.CK-MB and cTnI in blood were detected with chemiluminescent techniques,and myocardial pathological damage was observed under the light and transmission electron microscope.Results Compared with control group,in LPS group,the serum cTnI and CK-MB were increased significantly from 6 h to 24 h with time going by(P