Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; methods ; China ; Glioblastoma ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; Physicians

Aim The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability of capsule A(Maiwei Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Beijing, China) and capsule B (Xianjing Pharmaceu-tical, Hunan, China) were studied. Methods A single oral dose of 600 mg gemfibrozilof these two kinds of capsules was given to 12 chinese healthy male volunteers in anopen, randomized crossover study. Plasma levels were determined with HPLC-UVmethod. Results The plasma concentration-time curve was fitted to 1-compartmentopen model with a first order and lag time absorption and the major pharmacokineticparameters of capsules A and B were shown respectively as following: C max(32. 69?5. 67 )and (29. 41?2. 60) mg?L-1; Tmax (1. 01?0. 14) and (1. 13?0. 37) h, t1/2ka(0. 46 ? 0. 18) and (0. 62 ? 0. 20) h; C max (1. 11 ? 0. 32) and (1. 32 ? 0. 26) h; MRT(2. 14 ? 0.27) and (2. 37 ? 0.26) h; AUC (91.7 ? 13.2) and (82.2 ? 7. 38) mg?h? L-1. There were no significantly differences between the pharmacokinetic parame-ters of capsule A and B. The relative bioavailability of the capsule A was (110 ? 9) % ascompared to the capsule B. Conclusion The two kinds of capsules have the equivalentbiological effects.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropeietin(rh-EPO)on Bid mRNA and caspase-3 activity in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD)in neonatal rats and the possible mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of rh-EPO.Methods Ninety 7 day old male SD rats weighing 12-18 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=30 each):group Ⅰ sham operation(S);group Ⅱ hypoxia-ischemia group(HI)and group Ⅲ rh-EPO.The animals were anesthetized with ether.Left common carotid artery was ligated with 4-0 silk and 3 days later the animals were placed in a 2 L airtisht vessel filled with 8%O2-92%N2 at 2-3 L/min for 2 h in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ.rh-EPO 3 000 IU/kg in 4 ml/kg normal saline(NS)was administered intraperitoneally after induction of hypoxia-ischemia(HI)in group Ⅲ while in group Ⅱ NS 4 ml/kg was given IP instead.Six animals in each group were killed at 6,12,24,48 and 72 h(T1-5)respectively after IP NS or rh-EPO.Their brains were removed for determination of Bid mRNA expression(by RT-PCR)and caspase-3 activity(by colorimetric method).Results The expression of Bid mRNA was up-regulated and caspase-3 activity was significantly increased in the brain at T1-5 in HIBD group(group Ⅱ)as compared with sham operation group.rh-EPO administration significantly reduced the increase in Bid mRNA expression and caspase-3 activity in the brain induced by hypoxia-ischemia.The expression of Bid mRNA was positively correlated with the caspase-3 activity.Conclusion rh-EPO has protective effects on the brain against hypoxia and ischemia by decreasing the expression of Bid mRNA and caspase-3 activity in the brain.

Objective To evaluate the role of the expression of protein kinase Cγ and Cα in spinal dorsal horn in the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5)'s participation in the development of morphine tolerance in rats. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats in which the intrathecal (IT) catheter was successfully placed were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): control group (group C), morphine tolerance group (group M), antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) plus morphine group (group ANT) and mismatch ODN plus morphine group (group MIS). Rats in group M received 0.9% normal saline (NS) 5 μl twice a day for 8 days, and IT morphine 15 μg was injected simultaneously at 6, 7 and 8 days twice a day. Rats in group ANT and MIS received IT antisense and mismatch ODN 30 nmol (in 0.9% NS 5 μl) twice a day for 8 days respectively and IT morphine 15 μg was injected simultaneously at 6, 7 and 8 days twice a day. Rats in group C received NS instead twice a day for 8 days. Paw-withdrawl threshold (PWT) to thermal and mechanical stimulation was measured at 6, 7 and 8 days after ODN injection (T1-3). The animals were killed on 9th day (T4) and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of mGluR5, PKCα and PKCγ mRNA (by RT-PCR), PKCαand PKCγ ( by Western blot). Results PWT to thermal and mechanical stimulation was significantly higher at T1.2in group M and MIS and at T1.3 in group ANT, the expression of mGluR5 mRNA, PKCα and PKCγ was significantly higher at T4 in group M and MIS, and mGluR5 mRNA expression was significantly lower at T4 in group ANT than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05). PWT to thermal and mechanical stimulation was significantly higher at T2.3, while the expression of mGluR5 mRNA, PKCα and PKCγ lower at T4 in group ANT than in group M ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The expression of protein kinase C in spinal dorsal horn plays an important role in the mGluR5's participation in the development of morphine tolerance in rats.

Child ; Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 64-slice spiral computed tomography(CT) in detecting coronary artery disease. Methods Twenty-three patients with suspected coronary artery stenosis were analyzed by 64-slice spiral computed tomography coronary angiography and catheter coronary angiography. Results Two hundred and ninety -one segments of the two hundred ninety-nine coronary artery segments in twenty-three patients could be visualized by 64-slice spiral CT,eight segments couldn't be visualized because of calcification and exercising shadow. According to gold standard of selective coronary arteriongraphy,the sensibility,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value to diagnose coronary artery stenosis by 64-slice spiral CT were 88.7%,98.2%,94.0% and 96.4%.Conclusion The coronary artery stenosis diagnosis by 64 -slice spiral CT is a potential detecting method and good clinical value but could not replace selective coronary arteriongraphy.

Objective To explore the extent of axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes.Methods In this series,95 patients underwent complete axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) following positive sentinel lymph nodes identified and 97 patients underwent partial axillary lymph node dissection (PALND) at the absence of positive sentinel lymph nodes.The influence of different extent of axillary lymph node dissection was evaluated.Results The positive rate of level(Ⅰ + Ⅱ) non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN) and level Ⅲ lymph nodes was 68.4％ and 29.5％,respectively,in CALND group.In PALND situation,57.9％ CALND cases would have changed pathologic stage from pN1 to pN2 or pN3.But with level Ⅲ lymph node dissection followed PALND,only 2.1％ cases had changed pathologic stage from pN2 to pN3.Multivariate logistic regression showed that the number of positive SLNs (OR =2.157) and positive rate of SLNs (OR =10.374) were risk factors for having positive level Ⅲ lymph nodes.CALND needed longer operation time and larger postoperative drainage volume.Conclusions In cases of breast cancer with ≥ 3 positive sentinel lymph nodes,complete axillary lymph node dissection should be considered.

Objective To investigate the ex pr ession of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and carcinoembryanic antigen (CEA) and its clinical significance in patients with lung cancer. Meth ods The pre-treatment serum from 134 patients with lung cancer from 1998 to 2002 were analyzed for the SCC-Ag level and CEA level by IMX, and the correlation of the SCC-Ag level and CEA level with the clinicopathologic charac teristics were also detected. Results Significant correlations were found between the pre -treatment SCC-Ag level, and CEA level and the pathologic classification, clin ical stage, the positive rate of diagnosing lung cancer was raised by combined a ssay with serum SCC-Ag and CEA. Conclusion Pre-treatment and after-treatment measurement of serum SCC-Ag level and CEA level can be used for diagnosis, prediction of pr ognosis and monitor of after-treatment recurrence in patients with lung cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on myocardial injury in infants undergoing repair of ventricular septal defect.Methods Forty ASA grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ infants,aged 3-6 months,weighing 4-6 kg,scheduled for elective repair of ventricular septal defect,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20each):control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,etomidate,cisatracurium and sufenanil.The infants were mechanically ventilated after nasotracheal intubation.PET CO2 was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg,Anesthesia was maintained with cisatracurium,sufenanil and sevoflurane.In group D,dexmedetomidine was infused at 0.5 μg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of operation.While in group C normal saline was given at the same rate until the end of operation.BP and HR were recorded at 10 min before operation (T1),skin incision (T2),chest opening (T3),10 min after aortic unclamping (T4) and the end of operation (T5).Blood samples were taken from the right internal jugular vein for determination of plasma creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) activity and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations at T1,T5 and 24 h after operation (T6).Results Compared with the baseline value at T1,no significant changes were found in HR and BP at different time points in group D,HR and BP were significanfly increased at T2-T5 in group C,and the plasma CK-MB ctivity and cTnT concentration were significantly increased at T5 and T6 in the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).HR and BP at T2-5 and plasma CK-MB activity and cTnT concentration at T5 and T6 were significantly lower in group D than in group C (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine infused at 0.5 μg· kg-1 · h-1 after induction can reduce myocardial injury in infants undergoing repair of ventricular septal defect.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to test the accuracy and precision of iWitness photogrammetry for measuring the facial tissues of mannequin head.

METHODSUnder ideal circumstances, the 3D landmark coordinates were repeatedly obtained from a mannequin head using iWitness photogrammetric system with different parameters, to examine the precision of this system. The differences between the 3D data and their true distance values of mannequin head were computed.

RESULTSOperator error of 3D system in non-zoom and zoom status were 0.20 mm and 0.09 mm, and the difference was significant (P 0.05). Image captured error of 3D system was 0.283 mm, and there was no significant difference compared with the same group of images (P>0.05). Error of 3D systen with recalibration was 0.251 mm, and the difference was not statistically significant compared with image captured error (P>0.05). Good congruence was observed between means derived from the 3D photos and direct anthropometry, with difference ranging from -0.4 mm to +0.4 mm.

CONCLUSIONThis study provides further evidence of the high reliability of iWitness photogrammetry for several craniofacial measurements, including landmarks and inter-landmark distances. The evaluated system can be recommended for the evaluation and documentation of the facial surface.