Burns ; complications ; Humans ; Sepsis ; etiology ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVE:To develop the drug traceability management system in outpatients of medical institutions,and gradu-ally improve its traceability management. METHODS:Based on barcode technology,drug traceability management system in outpa-tients of medical institutions was independently developed,introducing it from system environment,framework design and system function,and the application results were evaluated in terms of differences in dispensing time,deployment error,drug withdrawal treatment and applicability investigation. RESULTS:The system was developed on hospital information system network environ-ment,which was designed by combination of client/server(C/S)network system(B/S)and set function modules as follows as role rights management,data extraction,information control,data acquisition and data query. The system can match with drug electron-ic surveillance code,commodity code and other traceable barcodes,achieve drug tracing from hospitals to users through software interaction,as well as the computer-aided calibration in dispensing to effectively reduce outpatient's dispensing error. The average time for each outpatient prescription prolonged 9 s after using the system;24 dispensing errors and 4 non-normal withdrawals were prevented within 1 month;100% surveyed pharmacists expressed approval for the system's applicability. CONCLUSIONS:The system can achieve the drug suitability management in outpatients,which has shown good applicability and further improved drug safety management and control capabilities in medical institutions.

Objective To study the influence of anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy on reflux esophagitis (RE) and Barrett's esophagus (BE). Methods Two hundred and sixty-two patients including 177 patients with RE and 85 patients with BE were divided into 2 groups: Group A,139 patients without Hp infection;Group B,123 patients with Hp infection, which was further divided into 2 groups (group B1 and group B2) randomly. The pa-tients in group A and B1 were treated with Losec 20 mg bid, domperidone 10 mg tid and colloidal bismuth pectin 100 mg tid for 8 weeks, group B2 were treated with 2 kinds of antibiotics which were chosen from 3 types of antibiot-ics including amoxicillin 500 mg bid, Clarithromycin 500 mg bid or tinidazole 500 mg bid for 2 weeks additional to the same treatment as group A and B1. Endoscopy, pathologic examination, 24 h esophagus pH value and bilirubin were measured before and after treatment. Results The overall rates of improvement on symptoms in the 3 groups were 95.0% (group A: 97.8% (136/139), group B1: 96.8% (60/62), group B2: 98.4% (60/61)), which was significantly different from that before treatment (P < 0.05). However, the overall effect rates were not significantly different among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). The overall effect rate based on endoscopy examination in the RE patients 92.9% (78/84),91.8% (45/49) and 88.6% (39/44) in group A,B1 and B2,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant among the 3 groups (P <0.05). The overall effect rates in the BE patients were about 35.0%,which showed non-significant effect compared to that before treatment (P >0.05). 24 hrs esophagus PH value and bilirubin were significantly improved in the 3 groups (P < 0.05), whereas the difference among the 3 groups were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions RE and BE patients with HP infection could be treated with anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy. However, systematic therapy of anti gastric acid, prokinetics and mucosa protector must be performed simultaneously. This might be effective in preventing the development of RE and BE in short term. The long term effect is still uncertain and large scale, long term clinical studies are needed.

Objective To observe the extent of injury in esophageal mucosa resulted from Argon plasma coagulation (APC). Methods The injuries from APC were observed in 55 sites of esophageal normal mucosa in 11 patients with esophageal cancer. APC powers in 45 W,60 W and 90 W were selected with exposure times of 1 sec and 3 sec respectively. The probe of APC was hold approximately at 30?and 2 mm from the mucosa. The histological changes of esophageal wall injured by APC were examined under light and electric microscopy. Results The injuries in 46 out of 55 sites were merely restricted in the mucosa or sub-mucosa,7 out of 55 extended into the muscularis propria.and 2 of 9 sites extended to the whole depth of e-sophageal wall. The depth of injury increased in relation with the elevating of APC power (P 0. 05). Conclusion APC is a safe way for treating esophageal diseases if its power is limited in an appropriate range.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the recurrence of Barrett esophagus (BE) and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication therapy, according to endoscopic follow-up outcomes in the elderly patients with BE after endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC). Methods A total of 201 elderly patients were enrolled to be treated with APC, including 53 patients without Hp infection (control group) and 148 cases with Hp infection (infection group), then the infection group was randomly divided into two groups: infection group A (n=74) and infection group B (n=74). After APC, all patients were given acid suppression therapy with omeprazole infusion 40 mg twice daily for 7 days, then omeprazole capsules 20 mg twice a day orally, the overall time was 2months. The patients in infection group B received Hp eradication therapy with two of the following three kinds of antibiotics for 2 weeks: amoxicillin 500 mg twice a day, clarithromycin 500 mg twice a day and tinidazole 500 mg twice a day. All patients received reexamination of endoscopy and pathology, and underwent 24-hour esophageal pH test 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment.Results By APC treatment for an average of 2.4 times (1-3 times), 1 month after treatment, all BE epithelium disappeared and stratified squamous epithelium was repaired completely. Reflux esophagitis (RE) and BE in some cases were found in 3 groups 3 months after therapy. The relapse incidence of RE was significantly increased at 6 months after therapy [control group: 22.6%, infection group A:12.2o%and infection group B: 17. 6%, t = 2.21, 2.17 and 2.30,P＜0. 05]. At 12 months after therapy, the relapse incidence of BE was significantly increased [control group: 22.6%, infection group A: 18.9% and infection group B: 23.0%, t=2.11, 2.19 and 2.32, P＜0. 05]. All patients presented pathological gastro-esophageal reflux (DeMeester index＞14.72) before treatment. At 1 month after therapy, all patients returned to normal DeMeester index[control group: 14.5, infection group A: 15.2 and infection group B: 12.0, t=2.09, 2.22 and 2.15, P＜0. 05]. At 6 months after treatment, DeMeester index increased (t=2.29, 2.33 and 2.14, P＜0.05). But there were no significant differences among 3 groups (P＞0. 05). Conclusions The elderly BE patients with HP infection in gastric antrum can receive APC treatment plus Hp eradication treatment, but it has no significant effect on long-term prognosis for BE patients. APC treatment can completely remove BE epithelium, long-term acid suppression therapy may delay recurrence of BE.

Objective The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of 2:1 atrioventricular block (AVB) during AV node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) induced during electrophysioloic study.Methods In consecutive patients with AVNRT referred for electrophysiologic study, the data of 2 : 1 AVB during induced AVNRT was retrospectively analysed. Results The data of 4 patients was excluded from analyzing because of the unsatisfactory recording of His bundle potential during AVNRT. A His bundle deflection was present in the blocked beats in three of the remaining 5 patients and absent in the other two. At the beginning of AVNRT induced in those patients whose His bundle deflection was present in the blocked beats, H-V Wenckebach sequence with a QRS pattern of RBBB or LBBB was seen preceding and following the 2 : 1 AVB. A pattern of H-V Wenckebach phenomenon occurred once during AVNRT with 2:1 AVB in one of the two patients whose His bundle deflection was absent in the blocked beats.Conclusion The induced 2:1 AVB during AVNRT is due to functional block in the His-Purkinje system regardless of the presence or absence of a His bundle deflection in blocked beats.

Objectives To study a correlation between Helicobacter pylori Infection and reflux esophagitis in the elderly.Methods In a prospective study,180 cases of elderly patients with confirmed diagnosis of reflux esophagitis were consecutively recruited in our hospital from 2010-2016 years.180 reflux esophagitis patients were divided into three groups:non-HP infection group(group A,n=78),and 102 HP infection patients were subdivided into B1 group(n=51)with single-drug therapy and B2 group(n=51)with multiple drugs therapy.The groups A and B1 were treated with only esomeprazole 20 mg/bid for 8 weeks.The group B2 was treated with esomeprazole 20 mg/bid for 8 weeks,colloidal bismuth 200 mg/bid for 2 weeks plus two kinds of antibiotics(taking any 2 of the following 3:Amoxicillin 1 000 mg/bid,Clarithromycin 500 mg/bid and tinidazole 500 mg/bid)for 2 weeks.Gastroscope and cognate biopsy,helicobacter pylori detection,and 24 h esophagus pH monitoring was performed before and after the therapy.Results Group A,B1 and B2 showed that the total effective rate of symptoms improvement were more than 95.0% in post-versus pre-treatment(P<0.05),the gastro scope evidence-based total effective rate of reflux esophagitis were 84.6%、80.4%、82.4%(66/78,41/51,42/51)after therapy(P<0.05),and 24 h esophagus pH was significantly improved(P<0.05)after therapy.But the differences in above indexes showed no statistical significance between three groups(P>0.05).After HP eradication therapy,HP negative rate was 90.2%(46/51)in multiple drugs group.Conclusions Reflux esophagitis in elderly patients with Helicobacter pylori infection can be treated with anti-HP drugs,but the treatment should include drugs inhibiting gastric acid,so as to effectively prevent the progress of reflux esophagitis.There is no clear correlation between irritation of esophagus by reflux contents and Helicobacter pylori infection.

Objective To investigate the effect of Trimebutine maleate on reflux esophagitis in elderly patients.Methods A total of 160 elderly patients with typical esophageal reflux symptoms diagnosed as reflux esophagitis by gastroscope,with concomitant gastroesophageal disease confirmed by esophageal motility manometry and 24 h esophageal pH impedance monitoring acid reflux,were selected and retrospectively analyzed.All patients were treated with proton pump inhibitor(PPI) esomeprazole 20 mg tid,antecibum(AC)for 8 weeks,and randomly divided into four groups:group A (itopride hydrochloride 50 mg tid,AC),group B(citrate mosapride 5 mg tid,AC),group C (trimebutine maleate 200 mg tid,AC),group D(treated without prokinetic drugs).After 4 and 8 weeks of therapy,the symptom improvements were observed in the four groups.Endoscopy,esophageal motility manometry,24h esophageal pH impedance monitoring were performed in the 160 cases after 8 weeks of treatment.Results The total effective rate was 97.5％(39 cases),95.0％ (38 cases),92.5％(37 cases)and 77.5％(31 cases)in group A,B,C and D respectively after 8 weeks of treatment.Endoscopic examination showed that the cure rate was 70.0％ (28 cases),62.5％ (25cases),72.5％(29 cases),67.5％(27 cases),and the effective rate was 87.5％,(35 cases),92.5％(37 cases),87.5％(35 cases)and 87.5％(35 cases)in group A,B,C and D respectively after 8 weeks of treatment,without statistically significant differences in the cure rate and effective rate between the four groups.The results of esophageal motility manometry showed that the lower esophageal sphincter pressure(LESP),lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (LESR),lower esophageal peristaltic wave pressure(LEPP) and percentage of abnormal esophageal body contraction had significant difference before versus after treatment in group A and B,but not in control group.The improvements in the percentage of total time of pH＜4.0,the percentage of time of pH＜4 at standing position,the percentage of time of pH＜4 at supine position,supine reflux times,the times of supine reflux＞5 min,the longest reflux time(min)at supine position were more significant in group A,B and C than in group D.Compared with pre-treatment,the times of non-acid reflux were reduced significantly in group A,B and D(all P＜0.01),and there was a significant difference(P＜0.05)between the three (A,B,C)groups and group D(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in the times of reflux liquid and gas reflux between the group A,B and D(P＜0.05).The proximal reflux times were improved more significantly in group A,B and C after treatment than in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Prokinetic drugs combined with PPI therapy has better effect than single PPI application in improving the clinical symptoms and upper gastrointestinal motility in elderly patients with RE.Trimebutine maleate is safe and effective in the elderly,and has a similar effect on esophageal motility with mosapride citrate and itopride hydrochloride,which may be involved in selectively improving esophageal motility,lower esophageal sphincter pressure and gastric emptying function.

Objective To analyze the correlation between gross motor function and activities of daily living(ADL)in children with cerebral palsy.Methods 42 children with CP(26 males,16 females,average age 49.5±21.5 months,11 children with spastic quadriplegia,22 with spastic diplegia,5 with spastic hemiplegia,2 with athetosis and 2 with dystonia)were assessed with Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS)and Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM)for the assessment and classification of gross motor function.Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory(PEDI)was used to assess the ADL.The ADL of children with different levels of GMFCS and the correlation between gross motor function and ADL were analyzed.Results The more severe of GMFCS,the less standard score of PEDI.There was the highest correlation between the GMFM66 scores and scaled scores of PEDI in mobility and social function(r=0.84),whereas a weaker correlation appeared between GMFM66 scores and scaled scores of PEDI in social function(r=0.72).Conclusion Since the gross motor function of children with CP greatly affects the ADL,the gross motor function training should be the main item for CP children,the training goal of ADL should be made according to the levels of GMFCS.

Objective To observe the effect of enteral nutrition therapy on metabolic status and adiponectin levels in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods 92 elderly hospitalized patients with mild to moderate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease underwent enteral nutrition (EN,n=46) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN,n=46) for 2 months.Body mass index,triceps skin-fold thickness,waist hip ratio,serum high-molecular weight (HMW) form of adiponectin,fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2-hour blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,plasma insulin,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,γ-glutamyltransferase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,the blood pressure and liver ultrasound test were detected.The insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to assess insulin resistance.Results In pre-versus post-treatment,serum level of HMW adiponectin [(6.8 ± 4.0) μg/L vs.(7.1 ± 3.9) μg/L,P ＞ 0.05 in enteral nutrition],and [(6.8 ± 3.5) μg/L vs.(5.0 ± 1.1)μg/L(P＜0.05)] in parenteral nutrition were found.The significantly decreased body mass index in the obese patients (P＜0.05),significantly improved values of 2-hour blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,liver function,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all P＜0.05),and no obvious change in HOMA-IR were found after two months of enteral nutrition treatment.There were no significant changes in indicators mentioned above in TPN group after 2 months of treatment.Conclusions Enteral nutrition therapy can improve the glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and body mass index,affect the level of adiponectin in the elderly patients with MS and NAFLD.It is vital to body metabolism.