Adolescent ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Male ; Nucleosomes ; immunology

Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; Diet ; Glycemic Index ; Humans

Objective:To develop a catalytic system for the asymmetric Morita-Baylis-Hillman ( MBH) reaction of conjugated ni-troalkene with activated aldehyde, and screen out the chiral catalysts with high activity and enantioselectivity. Methods: Totally 21 chiral organocatalysts were applied in the asymmetric MBH reaction ofβ-nitrostyrene with ethyl glyoxylate, and the ee value was deter-mined by chiral HPLC. The effects of temperature, solvent and substrate ratio on the catalytic reaction were investigated. Results: In the presence of cinchona alkaloid catalyst (DHQ)2AQN, β-nitrostyrene reacted with ethyl glyoxylate in toluene at 0℃ affording the MBH adduct in 60% yield with good enantioselectivity (up to 56.9% ee). Conclusion: The bis-cinchona alkaloids with aromatic bridging group are the efficient catalysts for the asymmetric MBH reaction ofβ-nitrostyrene with ethyl glyoxylate, and moderate isolated yield and enantioselectivity are obtained.

Objective To compare the characteristics between indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and fundus fluorescence angiography ( FFA ) in patients with age-related macular degeneration ( ARMD ). Methods Twenty-five cases ( 35 eyes ) were diagnosed as exudative ARMD by ocular examination. Their age ranged from 60 to 81 years. The visual acuities were 1.0 at FC/30 cm before eye. We analyzed and compared the characteristics of FFA and ICGA in these patients. Results 5 eyes ( 14.3% ) with classic choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) were found by FFA examination. 15 eyes ( 42.9% ) with classic CNV were found by ICGA examination. Of 20 eyes with occult CNV considered by FFA, 7 eyes had classic CNV by ICGA. Of 3 eyes considered as serous retinal pigment epithelial detachment ( PED ) without classic CNV by FFA, 1 eye had serous PED with classic CNV and 2 eyes had classic CNV by ICGA.1 eye was diagnosed as serous PED with CNV by FFA, and as occult CNV by ICGA. Conclusions ICGA raise detectability and accuracy of CNV in ARMD compared with FFA. It is contributive to early treatment in ARMD.

Objective To assess the carotid elasticity using wave intensity(WI) in subjects with different plasma glucose level.Methods 107 subjects were enrolled in this study,according to their plasma glucose levels,subjects were categorized as normal plasma glucose group (group A),normal plasma glucose in higher level group (group B) and pre-diabetes group (group C).Carotid WI examination was performed and analyzed.The parameters included magnitude of the peak during late systole (W2),negative area during the mid-ejection (NA),and stiffness parameter (β),pressure strain elasticity modulus (Ep),arterial compliance(AC),augmentation index(AI),one point pulse wave velocity(PWVβ).Results Compared to group A,W2,β,Ep,PWVβ increased significantly while AC decreased in group C(P ＜0.05),but there was no obvious difference of NA between two groups.Furthermore,this statistically difference was not found in group B(P ＞0.05).Conclusions Carotid elasticity have been altered in pre-diabetes group which can be evaluated by WI,but no marked change is observed in normal plasma glucose of higher level group.

To explore the action target of praziquantel (PZQ) and its underlying mechanism of action, adult male worms of Schistosoma japonicum were collected from the hepatic vein of Kunming mice infected at least 6 or more weeks previously with single-sex cercariae of S.japonicum by perfusion method. These worms were subjected to the action of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) or actin depolymerizing/stabilizing agents interfering with function of the calcium channel. The adult male worms in DMEM culture medium were co-cultivated with near-lethal dose of PZQ(14 μmol/L) overnight(16 hours).Then, the parasites were washed 3 times with sterile physiologic saline next morning after cultivation, re-suspended in new and drug-free medium and then observed under stereo-microscopy during the following 5 days. The experimental results showed that majority of adult male worms of S.japonicum were killed by the action of PZQ in a dose of 14 μmol/L in vitro under normal condition; while the worms pre-incubated with the actin depolymerizing agent cyto chalasin D (CyD) were able to survive in the condition containing 14 μmol/L of PZQ with a survival rate of 100%, and the worms pre-incubted with CCBs, such as nitrendipine and nifedipineu showed a survival rate of about 50% under the same condition. The results of this study suggest that the calcium channel of Schistosomes may be involved in the action target of PZQ and its underlying mechanism.

To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and subgenotypes among the Bai nationality in Dali, a total of 100 serum samples from patients with chronic HBV-infection were collected for the detection of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes by genotype-specific primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RLFP), respectively. Among the 100 samples, the proportions of genotype B, C and mixed genotype (B+C) were 41%, 25% and 34%, respectively. All the genotype B strains belonged to subgenotype Ba. In genotype C, 84% were Subgenotype Cs and 12% were subgenotype Ce. The distribution of genotypes B, C and B+C showed no significant difference between male and female patients (P=0.182) and among the age groups of patients (P=0.812). The rates of HBeAg/HBeAg positivity were no significantly different among genotypes B, genotype C and mixed genotype (B+C) (P=0.077/P=0.663). In Dali, genotypes B, B+C and C existed among Bai nationality with chronic HBV-infection, and genotype B was the major genotype. Subgenotypes Ba and Cs were the predominant strains in patients with HBV genotype B/C infection. The most prominent characteristic was the higher prevalent rate of mixed genotype (B+C) in patients.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of VRE in Huashan hospital of Shanghai from 2007 to 2009, and to examine the molecular characteristics of the VRE isolates.Methods A total of 890 non-repetive clinical isolates of Enterococcus were screened by the agar screening method ( ADSP method).Broth dilution susceptibility test was performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus isolates to vancomycin and teicoplanin.The resistant genes and virulent genes of VRE isolates were investigated by PCR and sequencing methods.VRE isolates were classified by MLST and six isolates of VRE from 2007 to 2008 were analyzed by PFGE.Results Thirteen VRE isolates were identified by ADSP method and broth dilution susceptibility test. Six of them were resistant to vancomycin but sensitive to teicoplanin ( vancomycin MICs were from 64 to 256 μg/ml).The sequencing data of PCR products indicated these isolates might harbor a potential novel vancomycin resistant gene, which was different from the one reported in previous studies. The rest 7 isolates harbored vanA gene. The MICs of these isolates to vancomycin and teicoplanin were 32 - 64 μg/ml and 16 - 32 μg/ml, respectively.MLST results revealed 4 STs were identified in 13 VRE isolates.Eleven isolates belonged to clonal complexes(CC) 17.The positive rates of esp gene and hyl gene were 69.2% and 30.8%, respectively.Conclusions This study suggests that the most common VRE clone in Huashan Hospital was CC17.A potentially novel vancomycin resistance gene was identified, and further work needs to be done to investgate the function and the location of this novel gene.

Comparative analysis of characteristic of species and esterase-isoenzyme of isolates of Polyporus umbel-latus from different regions were processed. The results indicated that isolates of Jizhaoling ( Z) and Zhushiling (ZJ) have significant differences in characteristic, and enzymatic band types of the two species also have significant differences. The homology at genetics between the two isolates is 0% , and consanguinity between the two i-solates is the farthest.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of itraconazole oral solution for prevention of invasive fungal infection ( IFI ) in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia after chemotherapy.Methods Clinical data of 136 neutropenic patients with acute leukemia after chemotherapy at the Department of Hematology,Nanfang Hospital from January 2008 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into itraconazole group ( n =67 ) and control group ( n =69).There were 36 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia ( ANLL),31 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in itraconazole group;while in control group,there were 30 patients with ANLL,38 with ALL and 1 with biphenotypic acute leukaemia (BAL).Patients in itraconazole group received intraconazole after chemotherapy until the neutrophil count was increased to 0.5 × 109/L or the body temperature returned to normal and without any imaging evidence of IFI.The incidence of IFI and clinical features were compared between the groups using SPSS 13.0 software.Pearson x2 test was used for nominal variables,for measurement data,t (normal distribution) or Mann-Whitney U (skewed distribution) test were used.Results There were 12 cases ( 17.9％ ) suffering from IFI in itraconazole group and 32 cases (46.4％) in the control group (x2 =12.59,P ＜ 0.01 ).For ANLL patients,the incidence of IFI in itraconazole group was significantly lower than that in control group ( 16.7％ vs.56.7％,x2 =11.53,P ＜0.01 ).In itraconazole group,the incidence of IFI in female patients was significantly lower than that in male patients ( 8.6％ vs.28.1％,x2 =4.35,P ＜0.05 ).And for the female patients,the incidence of IFI in itraconazole group was significantly lower than thatin the control group (8.6％ vs.44.7％,x2 =11.98,P＜0.01).Conclusion Itranconzole oral solution can effectively prevent IFI in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia after chemotherapy,especially for the female patients with ANLL.