Aim The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability of capsule A(Maiwei Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Beijing, China) and capsule B (Xianjing Pharmaceu-tical, Hunan, China) were studied. Methods A single oral dose of 600 mg gemfibrozilof these two kinds of capsules was given to 12 chinese healthy male volunteers in anopen, randomized crossover study. Plasma levels were determined with HPLC-UVmethod. Results The plasma concentration-time curve was fitted to 1-compartmentopen model with a first order and lag time absorption and the major pharmacokineticparameters of capsules A and B were shown respectively as following: C max(32. 69?5. 67 )and (29. 41?2. 60) mg?L-1; Tmax (1. 01?0. 14) and (1. 13?0. 37) h, t1/2ka(0. 46 ? 0. 18) and (0. 62 ? 0. 20) h; C max (1. 11 ? 0. 32) and (1. 32 ? 0. 26) h; MRT(2. 14 ? 0.27) and (2. 37 ? 0.26) h; AUC (91.7 ? 13.2) and (82.2 ? 7. 38) mg?h? L-1. There were no significantly differences between the pharmacokinetic parame-ters of capsule A and B. The relative bioavailability of the capsule A was (110 ? 9) % ascompared to the capsule B. Conclusion The two kinds of capsules have the equivalentbiological effects.

The pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ(PRISM Ⅲ) score and pediatric critical illness score(PCIS) are physiology-based scores for assessing the severity of illness and mortality risk in pediatric patients.The PRISM Ⅲscore was revised version of the PRISM and was first developed in 1996.It includes 17 physiologic variables subdivided into 26 ranges.It had been validated by numerous studies worldwide and is the most widely known and used at pediatrics intensive care unit(PICU).The PCIS was first developed in 1995 in China,which included 10 physiologic variables.It had been validated by numerous studies nationwide and was simple,effective and suitable to Chinese situations.The scoring systems also can be used for quality assessments,grading the severity of illness in clinical study,and(stu)-dies of ICU resource utilization and management.There were no such study for validating the PRISM Ⅲ at present,comparing the performance of the PRISM Ⅲ score and the PCIS in China.

Adult ; Cryptococcosis ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; Male

Objective To construct a luciferase reporter plasmid containing interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF-3)human gene promoter and to evaluate promoter activity in human embryonic kidney(HEK)-293 cells.Methods The 1 000 bp fragment was amplified by PCR with human genomic DNA as a template and was directionally cloned into pGL3-basic multiple cloning sites to construct the luciferase repor-ter plasmid pGL3-pIRF-3.Transfection of HEK-293 cells with the promoter-driven lucife-rase construct was performed to induce lucife-rase gene expression and calculate the relative luciferase activity unit(RLU).Promoter sequence of 1 000 bp upstream of transcription initiation site of IRF-3 was analyzed by using Promoter 2.0 Prediction software.Results DNA sequencing and restriction endonuclease analysis verified the successful construction of the plasmid pGL3-pIRF-3.This IRF-3 promoter exhibited a strong promoter activity with an increase of 42.2-fold of RLU in HEK-293 cells when compared with pGL-3 basic vector.The transfection experiment confirmed that the levels of its activation were significantly higher than that in controls in HEK-293 cells.Function analysis of IRF-3 promoter disclosed seve-ral GATA-1 and specific protein 1(Sp1) sites and E2F in minimal promoter region.Conclusion The plasmid pGL3-pIRF-3 promoter is successfully constructed and has a strong basal promoter activity in HEK-293 cells.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the combination of dexmedetomidine and sufentanil on monitoring anesthesia care during burr-hole surgery for patients with chronic subdural hematoma. Methods 96 pa-tients underwent burr-hole surgery for chronic subdural hematoma with MAC were randomly divided into two groups:Group D and Group DS (n=48 in each group). Local anesthetic block was started at least 10 min after DEX and sufentanil infusion. Ramsay sedation scale of the two groups was maintained to 3. Anesthesia onset time, hemo-dynamics, the amount of rescue midazolam or fentanyl, the time to first dose of rescue midazolam or fentanyl, the to-tal number of intraoperative patient movements, postoperative recovery time, patient and surgeon satisfaction scores, and the adverse events were recorded. Results Compared with group D, anesthesia onset time was significantly less in group DS (13.68 ± 3.13 vs. 11.82 ± 2.43 min, P=0.002). More patients in group D required rescue midazol-am to achieve RSS=3 compared with group DS (31.25%15/48 vs. 12.50%6/48, P=0.023). Compared with group D, significantly fewer patients in group DS required rescue fentanyl to relieve pain (10.42%5/48 vs. 27.08%13/48, P = 0.036). Additionally, the total dose of rescue fentanyl in group DS was significantly higher (89.48 ± 23.27 vs. 125.28 ± 33.52μg, P=0.000), and the time to first dose of rescue fentanyl was longer than group D(18.34 ± 4.45 vs. 14.34 ± 3.63 min, P=0.000). The total number of patient movements during the burr-hole surgery was higher in group D than group DS (35.42%17/48 vs. 16.67%8/48, P=0.036). The time to recovery for discharge from the PA-CU (time to an Aldrete score ≥ 9) was significantly shorter in group DS compared with group D (17.54 ± 5.92 vs. 12.57 ± 5.28 min, P=0.000). Results from the patient and surgeon satisfaction scores showed significant differenc-es favoring group DS (P<0.05). More patients in group D showed higher levels of the overall incidence of bradycar-dia (37.50% 18/48 vs. 18.75% 9/48, P = 0.041) and hypotension(37.50%18/48 vs. 14.58%79/48, P=0.011)com-pared with group DS. Conclusions Compared with DEX alone, DEX-sufentanil associated with fewer number of in-traoperative patient movements, less amount of rescue scheme, could be safely and efficiently used for MAC during burr-hole surgery for patients with chronic subdural hematoma.

Objective Evaluate the outcome of aortic root reconstruction on the analysis of the risk factors influencing surgical results. Methods Between August 1996 and November 2009, 92 patients(56 men, 36 women) aged from 14 to 77years [mean (44.8 ±1.4) years] with aortic root aneurysm underwent aortic root reconstruction. 72 patients had over moderate aortic valve insufficiency. 47 patients suffered from Marfan syndrome. The aortic pathology was aortic dissection in 45. Bentall technique was used in 59 patients, the button technique in 13, the David I with the Valsalva graft in 6 patients and the aortic valve resuspension in 14 patients. Results The hospital mortality rate was 8.7%. The major complications 31. 7%. 18patients died during the period of follow-up. Late complications among 55 survivors were 12. Univariate predictors of the morbidity were the presence of male, non-Marfan, concomitant procedure, deep hypothermia cardiac arrest, aortic cross clamp time and blood infusion. Risk facts for mortality were emergent or urgent operation, aortic dissection, concomitant procedure, aortic cross clamp time and blood infusion. Multivariate analysis revealed risk factors of concomitant procedure and blood infusion were responsible for both morbidity and mortality. The overall long-term survival rate is (97.1 ±2.0)% at 1-year, (88.1 ±4.7)% at 5-year, (54.0 ±9.2)% at 10-year. The mean for survival time is (9.9 ±0.59) years, 95% confidence interval 8.70 -11.01. Conclusion The aortic root restitution procedures are safe and effective in general. The short and long-term outcome is satisfactory. The button technique is the first choice for reimplantation coronary patch. Valve-sparring aortic root reconstructions show promise in safety and applicability.

Objective To investigate the technical protocols and feasibility of subtraction computed tomography perfusion imaging (sCTP) on observation of ischemic necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) on dog. Methods Sixteen laboratory canines underwent CT perfusion imaging (CTP) of femoral head before and after selective femoral circumflex artery embolization, and ANFH were observed. Then new sequence imaging data, created by sources imaging of CT perfusion scan using subtraction software, were analyzed at workstation (AW 4.2) with CT perfusion 3 analysis program, and data of sCTP were obtained. The parametric maps and indexes of capillary-level hemodynamics including blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF) and mean transit time (MTT) of CTP and sCTP were compared. Results ①The technical success rate of sCTP post-processing created from CTP sources imaging data was 100%. The values and mappings of BF, BV and MTT of region of interest (ROI) were all obtained from subtraction sequence images data. The post-processing time of sCTP was about 1-5 h. ② sCTP depicted ANFH well, though the values and mappings of BF, BV and MTT were different from those obtained with conventional bone CTP. Conclusion sCTP can be generated with subtraction and perfusion analysis program and techniques. It can be applied to bone CT perfusion imaging and early quantitative diagnosis of necrosis.

Objective To evaluate tension-free repair in the management of recurrent inguinal hernia. Methods From 1/1993 to 12/2002, 163 patients with recurrent inguinal hernia underwent reoperation, clinical data were reviewed. Results The male: female ratio was 138: 25, age from 34 to 76 years. The primary surgery had been traditional hemiorrhaphy without prothesis in 142 cases (87. 1 % , including 65 cases of Bassini ,35 cases of McWay and 42 cases of Shouldice) , a tension-free procedure in 12 cases(7. 4% , including 3 cases of laparoscopic mesh repair) and unknown techniques in 9 cases(5. 5% ). The average interval from the initial surgery to recurrence was 36?14 months (range from 3 months to 10 years). Recurrent hernias were treated with a Shouldice repair in 71 cases(43. 6% ) , a tension-free repair in 92 cases(56. 4% , including a laparoscopic mesh repair in 3 cases). All these 163 cases(100% ) were followed up for 56 ?1 months (range from 30 months to 12 years) after the second surgery. It was found that after reoperation the recurrence rate of Shouldice procedure and tension-free repair was 16. 1% (11/71) and 2. 2% (2/92) respectively (x2 = 8. 327 ,P

Objective To explore the effects of lead acetate on free radicals and lipid peroxidation in the cerebral cor?tex, cerebellum, and hippocampus in rat brains. Methods SD rats (n=48), who were just weaned, were randomly divided in?to 4 groups base on their weight. Then the rats were fed with lead acetate in drinking water at the final concentrations of 0 mg/L (deionized water), 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L, 800 mg/L respectively. Blood lead level as well as the hydroxyl free radical inhibiting activity, the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hippocam?pus were measured 60 days after lead contamination in water. Results Upon lead exposure, blood lead levels increased sig?nificantly as compared with the control. The hydroxyl free radical inhibiting activity in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hip?pocampus decreased significantly in a dose dependent manner of lead(P < 0.05). And they all correlated negatively with blood lead level (r=-0.505,-0.414,-0.448, P<0.05). By contrast, blood lead level was positively correlated with H2O2 and MDA in these brain tissues (r=0.301, 0.411, 0.378, and 0.404, 0.324, 0.510,P < 0.05). Conclusion Lead exposure can lead to lipid peroxidation of rat brain tissues through inducing free radicals.