Objective To investigate the significance of measuring carotid arterial intima-media thickness(IMT) and diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods 76 diabetic patients were divided into three groups:no diabetic retinopathy(NDR),nonpmliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR),and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).20 helath people were chosen as control All subjects were examined by ColorDoppler imaging on the carotid arterial intima-media thickness.Results The mean IMT was significantly higher in T_2DM patients than in normal control group(P

Objective To study the cell killing effect on isolated sarcoma 180 cells by ultrasound activating Protoporphyrin IX and to explore its biological mechanism.Methods The sonodynamical effect was investigated on S180 tumor cells exposed to the combination of 120 mol/L protoporphyrin Ⅸ (PPⅨ) and focused ultrasound at the frequency of 2.2 MHz and an intensity of 3W/cm2. The livability of cells was evaluated by trypan blue staining. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the surface of cells was performed to evaluate the morphological changes induced by ultrasonic irradiation. The generation of oxygen free radicals in cell suspensions was immediately detected after treatment by the active oxygen detection kit. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the activities of key antioxidant enzymes (ie, Superoxide dismutase[SOD], Glutathione peroxidase [GSH-PX], Catalase [CAT]) in S180 cells after SDT.Results The cell damage rate of ultrasound combined with PPIX was significantly higher than that treated with ultrasound alone only, and PPIX alone had no killing effect on S180 cells. Enzymatic chemical methods showed the content of MDA significantly increased after treatment, while the activities of key antioxidant enzymes in tumor cells all decreased at different levels, and was associated to the generation of oxygen free radicals in cell suspension after treatment. Conclusion Oxygen free radical may play an important role inimproving the membrane lipid peroxidation, decreasing the activities of key antioxidant enzymes in cells, and the biological mechanism might be involved in mediating the killing effect of S180 cells in SDT.

ObjectiveTo evaluate gallbladder conserving gallstone removal and polyps resection using combination laparoscopy,hard gallbladder endoscopy and soft choledochoscopy.MethodsClinical data of 122 patients with cholecystolithiasis or polyps undergoing removal of calculus (polyps) and preservation of gallbladder were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsGallstones in 56 patients and polyps in 24 cases was removed or resected successfully by laparoscopy and hard gallbladder endoscopy; In the remaining 34 cases stones were completely removed by combination soft choledochoscopy; 8 cases were converted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Romoved stone was single in 25 cases and multiple in 65 cases,with the number ranging from 1to 52,the diameter of stone ranged from 0.2 cm to 3.2 cm.In the 24 gallbladder polyps,7 cases were single,17 cases were multiple,the diameter of polyp ranged from 0.8cm to 1.2 cm.The operation time was 40-125 (78) min. The mean hospitalization was 4 days. No intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred.All patients were followed up for 1year.Gallstones recurred in 3 cases,and the recurrence rate was 3.06％. ConclusionsLaparoscopy combined with hard gallbladder endoscopy and soft choledochoscopy for removing calculi (polyp) and conserving gallbladder is safe and feasible.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on the left ventricular function in young infants.Methods Sixteen ASA physical status Ⅰ pediatric patients,aged 28-75 days,weighing 4.0-6.1 kg,undergoing elective resection of hemangioma on the body surface under general anesthesia with sevoflurane were studied.After the pediatric patients inhaled 6 ％ sevoflurane for 4 min,tracheal intubation was performed,and the pediatric patients were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane with the endtidal concentration of 4.48％-5.12％.Transthoracic echocardiographic examinations were performed before induction of anesthesia (baseline,T0),immediately before intubation (T1),at 10 and 30 min after intubation (T2,3),and at 20 min and 1 h after extubation (T4,5) to calculate Tei index.Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,Tei index was significantly increased at T1-4 (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in Tei index at T5 (P ＞ 0.05).The blood pressure and heart rate were stable and no adverse cardiovascular events were found during surgery.Conclusion Although sevoflurane anesthesia does not induce cardiovascular events,it decreases the left ventricular function to some extent in young infants.

Objective To explore the methods and curative effect of metallic self-expanding stent in inoperable malignant gas-troduodenal obstruction. Methods The data of 15 cases with gastroduodenal obstruction including 9 cases of carcinoma of head of pancreas and 6 cases of carcinoma of stomach were analyzed retrospectively. The operative procedures of the stent implanted and the tors accepted more radiation dose because the manipulation was under the fluoroscopy in a short distance and with a full field of view. sions, the postoperative eating habit and the development turnover of disease. The main death reasons were tumor transfer and sys-tem exhaustion. Conclusion To pay close attention to the details and main points of operative procedure is the key point to implant stent successfully for malignant gastroduodenal obstruction. The determinative factor to influence the curative effect is the develop-ment turnover of tumor.

Objective To investigate whether gut microbiome dysbiosis and translocation occurred in experimental uremia,and whether they consequently contribute to microinflammation.Methods Health male SD rats were randomly divided into uremic group and sham group.Uremic group were operated for 5/6 nephrectomy to establish uremic models,while sham group were only operated for nephrocapsulotomy.Postoperative blood,livers,spleens,and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were subjected to bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA amplification to determine if bacteria were present.Bacterial genomic DNA samples from the MLNs and colon were amplified with specific primers designed by the 16SrRNA sequence of the species obtained from blood,livers and spleens.Pyrosequencing was used to analyze the ileum and colonic microbio.me of each subject.Intestinal permeability to 99mTc-DTPA,plasma hs-CRP,and IL-6 were measured.Results Bacterial DNA in extraiutestinal sites and altered colonic microbiomes at the phylum,family,and genus levels were detected in some rats in the uremic group.Bacterial genomic DNA in MLNs and colon were obtained by primers specific for bacterial species observed from blood,livers,and spleens of identical individuals.Intestinal permeability,plasma hs-CRP,and IL-6 levels were statistically higher in the uremic group compared with that in sham group(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Gut microbiome dysbiosis occurs and presumably bacteria translocate to the systemic and lymph circulation,thereby contributing to microinflammation in experimental uremia.

Objective To investigate the expression of T cell immunoglobulin-and mucin-domaincontaining molecule-3 (Tim-3) in peripheral CD8 +T cells and its significance in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Fifty-eight CHB patients and 16 healthy controls were enrolled.Tim-3 expression in CDs + T cells was detected by flow cytometry,and quantities of IFNγ-producing HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in HLA-A2 positive subjects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) test before and after the blockade of Tim-3/Tim-3L pathway.Paired t test was performed to compare the quantities of CTLs before and after the blockade,and nonparametric Spearman correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation in quantitive data.Results Tim-3 expression in CHB patients was (14.2 ± 8.98 )％,which was higher than that of healthy controls (4.80 ± 2.92)％,and the difference was of statistical significance (x2 =92.48,P ＜ 0.05 ) Tim-3 expressions in 16 severe CHB patients and 42 mild CHB patients were ( 19.54 ± 10.95) ％ and (9.58 ± 7.30) ％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =77.24,P ＜ 0.05 ). Before the blockade of Tim-3/Tim-3L pathway,IFNγ-producing HBV-specific CTLs were 7.27 ± 3.14,and it increased to 19.62 ± 4.97 after the blockade ( t =2.95,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The upregulation of Tim-3 on peripheral CD8 + T cells may inhibit HBV-specific CTLs,and the blockade of Tim-3 pathway can enhance the proliferation of IFNγ-producing HBV-specific CTLs,thus can enhance antiviral effect.

The objective of the present study was to establish a method based on principal component analysis (PCA) for the study of transdermal delivery of Chinese medicinal formulae, and to choose the best penetration enhancers for Qingfei Xiaocuo gel depend on this method. Using improved Franz type diffusion cell and excised rat skin in vitro as transdermal barrier, the receptive solution fingerprint was established by HPLC, harvesting the areas of the common peaks in the fingerprint, then the total factor scores of the concentrations at different times were calculated using PCA and were employed instead of the concentrations to compute the cumulative amounts (Q12) and enhancement ratio (ER), the latter of which were considered as the indexes for optimizing penetration enhancers. Compare to the control group, the ER of the other groups increased significantly and furthermore, 2.5% azone with 2.5% menthol manifested the best effect. PCA represent most information in the receptive solution, the method above could choose the best penetration enhancers, it could be a reference for the study of transdermal delivery of Chinese medicinal formulae.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Gels ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Principal Component Analysis ; Skin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the role of different procedures in the treatment of severe ulcerative colitis (UC) requiring colectomy.

METHODSA total of 29 UC inpatients who underwent colectomy at the West China Hospital between January 1996 and December 2008 were included in this study. Except two cases who underwent partial colectomy, patients were divided into total colectomy group (TC group, n=7) and total proctocolectomy group (TPC group, n=20), meanwhile divided into ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA, n=8) group, straight end-to-end anastomosis (ileoanal or ileorectal and ileostomy) group (n=14)and ileostomy group (n=5). Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) instrument.

RESULTSThe complication rate was 60.0% in TPC group and 57.1% in TC group (P>0.05). The recurrence rate was 15.0% in TPC group and 57.1% in TC group (P<0.05). The complication rate was 6/8 in IPAA group and 50.0% (7/14) in straight end-to-end anastomosis group (P>0.05). The frequency of daily bowel movements in IPAA group was significantly lower than that in straight end-to-end anastomosis group at 1 year after the surgery (5.6+/-1.7 versus 9.1+/-2.9, P<0.05). QOL was significantly improved postoperatively for all the patients(P<0.01). Patients who underwent IPAA had a better QOL than those of straight end-to-end anastomosis group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTPC-IPAA is the ideal procedure of severe UC with acceptable complication rate, satisfactory quality of life and functional outcome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; surgery ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the application value of monoexponential, biexponential models multiple b values diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in distinguishing pancreatic cancer from non-tumorous pancreas.Methods Subjects comprised 37 pancreatic cancers confirmed by clinical or surgery.Pancreas multiple b values DWI was performed using 3.0T scanner.Standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCstandard) was calculated using monoexponential diffusion model.Pure diffusion coefficient (ADCslow), pseudodiffusion coefficient (ADCfast) and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated using intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM) diffusion model.Parameters of pancreatic cancers and non-tumorous pancreas were compared using independent samples t test.Results Mean ADCslow value of pancreatic cancer was higher than that of non-tumorous pancreas (0.611×10-3 mm2/s vs 0.521×10-3 mm2/s,P=0.037).Mean ADCfast and f values of pancreatic cancer were lower than that of non-tumorous pancreas (5.066×10-3 mm2/s vs 7.188×10-3 mm2/s,P=0.035;55.8% vs 64.0%,P=0.016;respectively).ADCslow of pancreatic cancer was positively correlated to ADCstandard (r=0.824,P=0.000).ADCfast of pancreatic cancer was negatively correlated to f(r=-0.558,P=0.000).Conclusion ADCslow, ADCfast and f derived from IVIM-DWI model can distinguish pancreatic cancer from non-tumorous pancreas.IVIM-DWI may be a promising and non-invasive tool for early diagnosing and differentiating pancreatic carcinoma from non-tumorous pancreas.