Adolescent ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methotrexate ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; Sex Factors ; Tetrahydrofolates ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Epithelioid Cells ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangiosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mastectomy, Radical ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients association with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Between Jan 2009 and Dec 2010,536 patients (390 males and 146 females with mean age of 63 years) underwent surgical treatment at our institute for pathologically proven non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.The clinical and pathological data of these patients were reviewed,and the relationships of these factors and CKD were analyzed.Presence of CKD was confirmed in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)＜ 60ml/(min · 1.73 m2)calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation.Results Of the 536 consecutive cases,57 patients (10.6％) had CKD.Compared to the patients without CKD,there were more females and older patients in the patients with CKD (52.6％ vs 24.2％ and 69 years vs 62 years,both P ＜ 0.05).The patients with CKD proned to have multiple bladder tumor (71.9％ vs 50.9％,P ＜ 0.05) and synchronous upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (7.0％ vs 2.3％,P ＜0.05).The history of bladder cancer and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma were also predominated in these patients (43.9％ vs 29.0％ and 40.4％ vs 6.5％,both P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionConcurrent CKD in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients is associated with greater risk of multiple tumors in urinary tract,particularly in female patients.

Objective: To investigate the changes of gene expression in CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) under different growth environments. Methods: Umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB MNCs) were cultured in static and stirred systems. After 7 days of culture, CD34+ cells were isolated and total RNA was extracted. Gene expression patterns of CD34+ cells from fresh, static and stirred cultures were compared using differential display (DD). Results: 30 gene fragments displayed differential expression levels based on the conditions of DD. One of differentially expressed genes was identified as RAN, which is a member of oncogene RAS family. This gene may be associated with proliferation of hematopoietic cells. Conclusion: Different growth environments induced differential gene expression patterns of CD34+ HSPCs. These differentially expressed genes would give new insights into optimizing in vitro environments for expanding hematopoietic cells.

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on premature ovarian failure (POF) between the acupoint catgut implantation combined with artifical periodic therapy and the simple artificial periodic therapy and explore its effect mechanism.

METHODSSixty-five patients of POF were randomized into the two groups. In a western medication group, 32 cases were treated with the artificial periodic therapy with the oral administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets. In a catgut implantation + western medication group, 33 cases were treated with the acupoint catgut implantation combined with artificial periodic therapy. The acupoints of Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected. The treatment was lasted for half a year and the follow-up visit was for another half a year in the two groups. Kupperman index was used to assess the improvements in the clinical symptoms. The levels of serum sexual hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) were evaluated of the patients in the two groups before and after treatment. The efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe scores of the clinical symptoms were all significantly improved after treatment and in the follow-up in the two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). In the 6-month follow-up visit after treatment, the result in the catgut implantation + western medication group was better than that in the western medication group (8.17 +/- 1.19 vs 13.68 +/- 1.08, P < 0.01). FSH was reduced after treatment in the two groups (all P < 0.01) and E2 was increased (all P < 0.05). The curative and remarkably effective rates were 75.8% (25/33) and 81.8% (27/22) after treatment and in the follow-up visit in the catgut implantation + western medication group, which were better than 67.9% (19/28) and 53.6% (15/28) in the western medication group separately (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe acupoint catgut implantation combined with artificial periodic therapy achieve the remarkable improvements in the clinical symptoms of POF in the patients and the better results as compared with the simple western medication therapy. The combined therapys efficacy is stable and the long-term efficacy is apparently superior. The effect mechanism is related to the improvements in the serum sexual hormone levels.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Catgut ; utilization ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; metabolism ; Humans ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; metabolism ; therapy ; Prostheses and Implants ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Styrenes ; analysis ; Workplace

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of penile frenulum lengthening in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE).

METHODSThirty-four males with PE were enrolled in this study, of whom 8 had received circumcision six months before and 4 had redundant prepuce, all with short frenulum. Those with a history of circumcision underwent reconstruction and lengthening of the frenulum, and those without received frenulum lengthening only.

RESULTSCompared with the baseline, the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) was significantly increased at 1 month after operation ([1.35 ± 0.49] vs [5.71 ± 2.69] min, t = -9.42, P <0.01), (1.42 ± 0.5) vs (5.31 ± 2.74) min in the patients without circumcision (t = -7.41, P <0.01), (1.12 ± 0.35) vs (7.00 ± 2.20) min in those with circumcision (t = -7.24, P <0.01), and (1.50 ± 0.58) vs (4.75 ± 1.71) min in those with redundant prepuce (t = -3.81, P <0.05). Totally, 94% of the patients were satisfied with their sexual intercourse postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONPenile frenulum plays an important role in penile erection. Reconstruction and/or lengthening of the frenulum can prolong penile erection and IELT in PE patients.

Adult ; Circumcision, Male ; rehabilitation ; Coitus ; Ejaculation ; Foreskin ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Premature Ejaculation ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is characterized by decreased flow of urine down the ureter and increased fluid pressure inside the kidney. Open pyeloplasty had been regarded as the standard management of UPJO for a long time. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty reports high success rates, for both retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches, which are comparable to those of open pyeloplasty. However, open and laparoscopic pyeloplasty have yielded disappointing failure rates of 2.5%-10%. The main causes for recurrent UPJO are severe peripelvic and periureteric fibrosis due to urinary extravasation, ureteral ischemia, and inadequate hemostasis. In addition, failing to diagnose lower pole crossing vessels before or during the primary procedure is also responsible for recurrent UPJO. In addition, poor preoperative split renal function, hydronephrosis, presence of renal stones, patient age, diabetes, prior endopyelotomy history, and retrograde pyelography history were considered as predictors of pyeloplasty failure. The failure is usually defined by persistent pain, persistent radiographic obstruction (infection or stones), continued decline in split renal function, or a combination of the above. And the failure of pye-loplasty often occurs in the first 2 years after the surgery. The available options for managing recurrent UPJO with a salvageable renal unit include endopyelotomy, re-do pyeloplasty, stent implantation, percutaneous nephrostomy, ureterocalicostomy, and nephrectomy. Re-do pyeloplasty has such merits as high successful rates and rare complications, compared with endopyelotomy or ureterocalicostomy. And some investigators think that re-do pyeloplasty should be regarded as the gold standard for secondary therapy if feasible. Open pyeloplasty can enlarge the operating field, facilitate the exposure of the ureteropelvic junction, reduce the difficulty of operation, and thus reduce the occurrence of complications. There are no significant differences among the success rates of re-do pyeloplasty under open approach, traditional laparoscopy and robot-assisted laparoscopy, according to previous reports. However, traditional laparoscopic and robot-assisted pyeloplasty give advantages of cosmetology, small trauma, less postoperative pain, speedy recovery and shorter hospitalization, fewer complications and lower recurrent rates. If the primary pyeloplasty is an open operation in retroperitoneal approach, the traditional laparoscopic and robotic operation with retroperitoneal approach should be considered for secondary repair. The cause of recurrent UPJO should be evaluated before surgery and identified intraoperatively to minimize the possibility of recurrence.
Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney Pelvis ; Laparoscopy ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction/surgery* ; Urologic Surgical Procedures

Objective To investigate the brain mechanisms of aging of the visual attention. Methods Through the precue-target visual search paradigm using the event-related potentials technique,16 young and 16 elderly subjects participated the electrophysiological experiment.The background was comprised of three homocentric black circles and eight English capital letters consisted of each circle.The letter “T” was designed as the target stimulus.T was a target only when it located the circle clued to the same size of the precue.For example,when the cue was the “large”,“T” may appear within 3 circles.When the cue was the “median”,“T” may appear within either the median or small circles.When the cue was small,the target “T” may appear only within the small circle. Results The reaction time of the two groups of subjects became quick with the reduction of the cue scale,while the amplitudes of P1 and N1 components of event-related potentials increased with the decrease of the cue scale.Old subjects showed longer response time than did young subjects,and the posterior P1 component was enhanced significantly and N1 component was inhibited obviously.The P2 component was manifested as significantly inhibitory effect not only in the amplitude but also in the abnormal and unstable waveform.Conclusions The cognitive function of elderly subjects declines in the research of target stimuli,which suggests that the age-related changes could lead to deficit in the posterior area of the brain to visual spatial attention (involuntary attention).