The apparatus introduced in this paper can be used to measure and record the realtime environmental parameters and such physical information of individual protection equipment as the temperature,thermal current and thermal insulating value.The apparatus has several advantages including high accuracy,practicability,reliability and easy to operate.

Suggestions such as how to enhance the rationality of designation of clinical trails, regulate the evaluation system on therapeutic effects, control the quality strictly and unify the standard of report on key points of acupuncture clinical trials from the aspects of designation, therapeutic evaluation, quality control and report standard were expounded in this paper. Highlights such as perspective of acupuncture in qualitative investigation and practical clinical trails were explored as well in this paper. And some international and domestic disputes in the related fields such as placebo acupuncture and selection of acupoints were discussed and analyzed so as to provide methodological instruction for acupuncture clinical trails and promote its normalization process.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Research Design

OBJECTIVETo analyze the effects of high-frequency electromagnetic field (HF-EMF, 30 MHz, 0-1600 V/m) on the apoptosis and ultramicrostructure of the hippocamp and demonstrate the cytotoxicity of hippocamp.

METHODS120 Wistar female adult rats were randomly divided into ten groups based on body weight with different levels of 30 MHz electromagnetic field (0, 25, 100, 400, 1600 V/m) for eight hours daily. Five group rats were irradiated for three days. The other five group rats were irradiated for fifty-six days. Weekly the rats were continuously exposed five days. The apoptotic rate of the hippocamp was detected with TUNEL System. Meanwhile, the ultramicrostructure was observed with the transmission electron microscope.

RESULTS(1) There was no significant difference on the apoptotic rate and pathological change of the hippocamp cell between the exposure and the control groups through short term experiment (P > 0.05). (2) The apoptotic rate of the granulocyte on the DG campus of the hippocamp in the 400 V/m group and the 1600 V/m group (0.165% +/- 0.049%, 0.189% +/- 0.049% respectively) were increased significantly (P < 0.01) through inferior chronic experiment compared with the control group (0.052% +/- 0.016%). Along with the increase of radiation dose, the ultramicrostructure of the neuron cell appeared more abnormal cells. Especially there were marked change on the neuron in the 1600 V/m group.

CONCLUSIONSThere is no association between cell apoptotic rate of the hippocamp and short period exposure to HF-EMF (30 MHz, 25-1600 V/m). However inferior chronic exposures to HF-EMF might induce the cytotoxicity, especially in the high dose exposure (1600 V/m) under our experiment.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Endocytosis ; radiation effects ; Female ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Neurons ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

To study the optimum preparation process and stability of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound in volatile oil of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves. The saturated aqueous solution method was adopted to prepare inclusion compounds for an orthogonal test. The inclusion compound productivity and the inclusion rate were taken as indexes for screening the inclusion processes. The inclusion effect was evaluated with the infrared spectrophotometry and TLC, and the stability under conditions of high temperature, high humidity and strong light was detected. Under optimum preparation conditions for inclusion, the ratio between volatile oil and beta-cyclodextrin was 1: 8 (mL: g), that between beta-cyclodextrin and water was 1: 15, the inclusion temperature was 40 degrees C, and the inclusion time was 3 h. The results of spectrophotometry and TLC showed that the optimum conditions can generate beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound in volatile oil of C. longepaniculatum leaves with certain light resistance, thermo-stability and hygro-stability. Therefore the optimum inclusion process features simple operation and stable inclusion compounds.
Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Cinnamomum ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the current status of morning blood pressure and medication of hypertensive patients in Beijing.

METHODSThis study included 2187 hypertensive patients who visited the ambulance of our cardiology department in the morning (7:00-10:00) from March 2012 to April 2012. Patients were divided into three groups: no antihypertensive agent group, single antihypertensive drug therapy group (include CCB, ARB, ACEI, β-blocker) and combined drug therapy group at least one month. Blood pressure control rate was compared among the groups.

RESULTSTarget blood pressure was not reached in 1193 patients (54.6%), most patients took CCB and the target blood pressure was not reached in 61.7% (295/478) patients taking CCB. There was no significant difference on target blood pressure uncontrolled rate among the four single drug subgroups (CCB, ARB, ACEI, β-blocker). The blood pressure uncontrolled rate was 46.3% (63/136) for amlodipine, 70.5% (55/78) for nifedipine and 73.8% (31/42) for felodipine. There OR of uncontrolled blood pressure rate was 0.36 (amlodipine vs. nifedipine, 95%CI:0.20-0.65) and 0.31% (amlodipine vs. felodipine, 95%CI:0.14-0.66).

CONCLUSIONThe morning blood pressure uncontrolled rate is high in hypertensive patients visiting Beijing tertiary hospitals. Amlodipine is possible superior to nifedipine and felodipine on morning blood pressure control in this patient cohort.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo identify the metastasis-related miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines.

METHODSA qRT-PCR method was established and optimized.

RESULTSAll candidate metastasis associated miRNAs except miR-124a were expressed in high metastasis cell line MHCC97H and low metastasis cell line MHCC97L, while some miRNAs were differentially expressed between liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and hepatic cell line (L02) (P less than 0.05), these miRNAs include: miR-148b (1.96+/-0.51 vs 3.76+/-0.28), miR-9 (-4.38+/-0.86 vs -1.10+/-0.53), miR-30c (8.41+/-0.40 vs 6.82+/-0.29), miR-338 (3.14+/-0.29 vs -2.36+/-0.32), miR-34a (0.71+/-0.40 vs -2.95+/-0.26), Let-7g (-4.07+/-0.55 vs -6.98+/-0.56). miR-148b expression was about 4 times higher than miR-148a [5.46 (IQR 4.25-6.67) vs 1.29 (IQR 0.94-1.64)] in all cell line tested (Z=-5.097, P=3x10(-7)).

CONCLUSIONThis study may help to understand the biological significance of miRNAs in HCC metastasis.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVEChildren aged 3 - 6 years in the urban areas of China were surveyed for the first time to find out the state of child neglect (CN) as well as the major relevant risk factors so as to provide evidence for developing intervention measures.

METHODS1163 children (of whom 49.6% were males and 4.5% were minority nationality) were randomly sampled under multistage stratification, from 25 cities which representing 15 provinces of China. Based on the Child Neglect Norms used by China, prevalence of CN was identified and SPSS-Windows 11.0 was employed for statistical analysis. Scores, frequency/degrees, age, sex and 5 types (physical, emotional, educational, medical and safety) of CN on every group of the regions, were calculated. Multifactorial analysis was conducted through Binary Logistic Regression and multiple linear regression to determine the relevant risk factors.

RESULTS(1) The average degree of CN for the 3 - 6 year-olds was 42.2, with its prevalence as 28.0%. Degrees of CN for the groups of 3, 4, 5, 6-year-olds were 41.7, 42.2, 42.1 and 43.1 (F = 0.988, P > 0.05), with frequencies of 25.0%, 25.3%, 27.9% and 35.4% (chi(2) = 4.798, P > 0.05), respectively. Degrees for CN in males and females were 42.7 and 41.8 (F = 2.502, P > 0.05) with the frequencies as 32.6% and 23.7% (chi(2) = 6.585, P < 0.05), respectively. Degrees of CN for the five types were 39.4-43.4 with the frequencies as 5.1%-12.9%, respectively. No significant difference was found in the frequency of the types (with an exception on 'physical neglect') between males and females (P > 0.05). The highest frequency (42.9%) of CN was seen in the single-parent families and the lowest in large family with three generations (25.5%). (2) According to monofactorial chi(2) test, the possible risk factors of CN would include: educational background, occupation and decrease of income of the parents during last year, etc. (3) Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the influential factors to the occurrence of CN would include: father's educational background, sex of the child and mother's occupation, etc. (4) Multiple linear regression showed that the influential factors to the degree of CN were: family structure, number of supporting family members, relationship between parents and children, etc.

CONCLUSIONThe degree and frequency of CN among children aged 3 to 6 in the urban areas of China were high but similar among the four age groups. Male children had a higher frequency of neglect than females, but with similar degree. Children in single-parent families had the highest frequency. The major influential factors of CN would include: educational background, occupation, family structure, family income of the parents which were similar to the results reported from foreign literature.

Child ; Child Abuse ; statistics & numerical data ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parenting ; Parents ; psychology ; Social Class ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population

Objective·To screen NPHS2 mutations in adult focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)patients based on a large Chinese FSGS cohort. Methods · All patients were biopsy determined FSGS by the Department of Nephrology at Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. FSGS secondary to systemic disease and other hereditary kidney disease were excluded. After extraction of genomic DNA of peripheral blood,NPHS2 was screened by directly sequencing the exon/intron junction or high-throughput sequencing,including whole exon sequencing and Panel sequencing, and then verified by Sanger sequencing. One hundred healthy controls were enrolled to validate candidate mutations. Results · Two hundred and four FSGS patients were enrolled,including 52 familial(25.5%) and 152 sporadic patients(74.5%),of which steroid-resistant FSGS patients accounted for 30.3%(46/152).By sequencing NPHS2 in all patients of the cohort(Sanger sequencing in 61 patients and high-throughput sequencing in 143 patients), 2 novel conserved mutations were identified, one homozygous mutation in sporadic steroid-resistant FSGS, p.N199I and one heterozygous mutation in familial FSGS, p.L321fx346. Both of them were not detected in 100 healthy controls. These two variants were predicted to be damaging by Polyphen,SIFT and Mutation Taster.Totally,the mutation rate of NPHS2 in the FSGS cohort was 1%. Conclusion·Since the overall frequency of NPHS2 mutations is considerably low in Chinese adult-onset FSGS,NPHS2 is not the main disease-causing gene of this group of people.

Objective:To explore the difference of the vessel and plaque characteristics, myocardial perfusion and cardiac function between patients with ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods:From July 2021 to June 2022, 101 patients with angina were referred to dynamic computed tomography myocardial perfusion (CTP) and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and retrospectively included in our hospital. Based on the results of CTP and CCTA, patients were divided into INOCA (27 cases), moderate obstructive CAD (26 cases) and severe obstructive CAD (48 cases). The anatomical coronary artery stenosis, plaque characteristics and myocardial perfusion features of all patients were analyzed. Furthermore, left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS) were obtained on full-phase reconstruction CCTA image by using Medis Suite 3.2 postprocessing software. Multigroup analysis used one way ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis H test. Results:Patients with INOCA were younger than patients with moderate and severe obstructive CAD ( P<0.001). INOCA patients (7.4%, 2/27) had lower rate of positive remodeling than both moderate (57.7%, 15/26, P<0.001) and severe obstructive CAD patients (33.3%, 16/48, P=0.017). The percentage of ischemic myocardium volume in patients with INOCA were similar with those in patients with severe CAD (all P>0.05), but significantly higher than those in patients with moderate CAD (all P<0.05). No significant difference in terms of GLS was detected between patients with INOCA [-17.4% (-21.6%, -11.6%)] and severe CAD [-17.6% (-21.9%, -14.8%), P=0.536], however, patients both with INOCA and severe CAD also had higher GLS than patients with moderate obstructive CAD [-22.3% (-29.8%, -19.0%), all P<0.05]. Conclusions:Based on"one-stop-shop"CTP combined with CCTA imaging, early cardiac functional changes including abnormal myocardial perfusion and myocardial strain in INOCA patients were similar to those in patients with severe obstructive CAD and more severe than those in patients with moderate obstructive CAD.

Background Air pollutants PM_2.5 and its adsorbed metal elements are important factors affecting public health. Objective To explore the distribution characteristics and sources of metal elements in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Lanzhou from 2019 to 2020, and to assess the health risks of metal elements to different groups of residents through inhalation. Methods From January 2019 to December 2020 in two districts of Lanzhou City (Chengguan District and Xigu District), regular PM_2.5 and metal elements [antimony (Sb), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and thallium (Tl)] were regularly monitored, and their concentrations were described by the median (M) and 25^th and 75^th percentiles (P₂₅, P₇₅) as not following a normal distribution (because the detection rates of the five elements Be, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Se were less than 70%, the five elements were not included in subsequent analysis), and then compared with the secondary concentration limits in the Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012). The differences between the medians of the two groups were compared by the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test, and the differences among the medians of multiple groups were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test; the enrichment factor (EF) method and principal component analysis were used to evaluate the pollution degree of the metals and their sources; the health risks of five non-carcinogenic metals (Sb, Al, Pb, Mn, and Tl) and two carcinogenic metals (As and Cd) in PM_2.5 were evaluated by hazard index (HI) and hazard quotient (HQ) using the incremental lifetime cancer risk (LCR) model and the non-carcinogenic risk assessment model, respectively. Results The PM_2.5 concentrations [M (P₂₅, P₇₅)] in Lanzhou City were 38.50 (26.00, 65.00) and 41.00 (29.00, 63.10) μg·m⁻³ in 2019 and 2020, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (Z=−0.989, P > 0.05). The average levels of the metal elements from high to low were: Al > Pb > Mn > As > Cd > Sb > Tl, and the annual average concentration of each metal element in 2019 was higher than that in 2020 (P<0.05). The M ( P₂₅, P₇₅) of PM_2.5 concentrations in Chengguan and Xigu districts were 52.98 (17.00, 61.00) and 55.40 (17.00, 67.00) μg·m⁻³, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (P<0.05); the concentrations of Sb and Al in Chengguan District were lower than those in Xigu District (P<0.05), and the concentrations of other metal elements were not different between the two areas (P>0.05). There were seasonal differences in the concentrations of PM_2.5 and seven metal elements in Lanzhou City (except P_Al=0.007, the other P_s < 0.001). The results of the enrichment factor method showed that the EF values of the six metals (Sb, Al, As, Cd, Pb and Tl) were all greater than 1. Among them, except As, the EF values of other metal elements were all greater than 10, and the EF values of Al and Cd were both greater than 100. The results of principal component analysis showed that the variance contributions of the three principal components were 45.61%, 24.22%, and 14.42%, and the cumulative contribution reached 84.25%. The principal component 1 included Pb, As, Cd, and Sb, the principal component 2 included Al and Mn, and the principal component 3 contained Tl. The non-carcinogenic risks of the five metals were, in descending order, Al > Mn > Pb > Tl > Sb, among which the HQ values of the remaining four metals were less than 1 for adults and children, except the HQ value of Al for adults, which was greater than 1. The ILC values of carcinogenic metal As for adult males, adult females, and children were 2.68×10⁻⁵, 2.51×10⁻⁵, and 1.45×10⁻⁵, respectively; the ILC values of carcinogenic metal Cd for adult males, adult females, and children were 1.53×10⁻⁶, 1.43×10⁻⁶, and 8.26×10⁻⁷, respectively. Conclusion There is pollution of atmospheric PM_2.5 and its adsorbed metal elements in Lanzhou. As and Cd elements may pose potential carcinogenic risks to the residents.