Objective To investigate the relationship between androgen receptor CAG-gene polymorphism and androgen in male with salt sensitive hypertension.Methods Through the oral saline loading test and furosemide volume method male hypertension group were divided into salt-sensitive (SS group) and salt-insensitive (SR group).The samples from 161 males were selected in the study,including salt sensitive hypertension patients (SS group,61/161),salt-insensitive hypertension patients (SR group,40/161) and age-matched healthy samples (control group,60/161).All samples were sequenced with an analysis method (CAG) n repeated polymorphism,and determinated of total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT) level in serum by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Results The number of CAG repeats was 14～34,average 22.4± 2.7.The CAG repeats of SS,SR and control group were 23.5±3.75,22.3±3.17 and 21.8±2.95,respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups (t=2.627～ 3.257,all P＜0.05).The level of TT and FT in SS and SR group were decreased compared with that of control group.At the same time,the level of SS group was lower,and there were significant differences among the three groups (t=2.524～ 3.826,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The androgen receptor gene repeat length and androgen levels are associated with male hypertension,especially salt-sensitive hypertension.Long (CAG) n repeat polymorphism maybe a genetic factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension.Plasma androgen levels may be used as a predictor of male salt sensitive hypertension.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; pathology ; Hemangiosarcoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; pathology

It was estimated that about 428 species of genus Corydalis are distributed all worldwide, with about 298, especially 10 groups and 219 species being uniquely spread in China. The genus Corydalis have been widely employed as folk medicines in China, especially as traditional Tibetan medicines, for treatment of fever, hepatitis, edema, gastritis, cholecystitis, hypertension and other diseases. The phytochemical studies revealed that isoquinoline alkaloids are its major bioactive ingredients. The extensive biological researches suggested its pharmacological activities and clinic applications against cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system, antibacterial activities, analgesic effects, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-injury for hepatocyte, and so on. As an effort in promoting the research of pharmacodynamic ingredients, this article presents an overview focusing on the distribution, phytochemical and pharmacological results of Corydalis species that have been applied in traditional Tibetan medicinal, hopefully to provide a reference for the new Tibetan medicine development from Corydalis plant resource.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; classification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Phytotherapy

To develop an analytic method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamides A, B in 42 samples of two official species of Asari Radix et Rhizoma( ARR) (37 samples of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with different collection time and 5 samples of Asarum sieboldiivar. seoulense). The HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS methods for the qualitative and UPLC-PDA methods for the quantitative analysis were established. Dodecatetraenamides A, B were identified by comparing the retention time, UV absorption spectrum and quasi-molecular ion peak [ M + H]+ with the reference compound using HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS. The content of dodecatetraenamides A and B in ARR were determined by UPLC-PDA. The separation was successfully carried out on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm) column eluted with mobile phases of water (A) and acetonitrile (B) in gradient program (0-3 min, 35% B; 3-5 min, 35%-36% B; 5-6 min, 36%-43% B; 6 min-11 min 43% B; 11-12 min, 43%-100% B). The column temperature was 45 °C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The flow rate was 0.6 mL · min(-1). On one level mass spectrometry scanning, the results showed that the quasi-molecular ion [M + H] + of both dodecatetraenamides A and B were m/z 248.20. The quantitative method with UPLC-PDA has made the baseline separation of the constituents, which were reported as mixtures in the most literatures. The average recovery of dodecatetraenamides A and B were 97.90% and 99.86%, the relative standard deviation were 0.4% and 1.1%, respectively. The contents of dodecatetraenamides A, B in all ARR samples was in the range of 0.11-3.89 and 0.24-6.65 mg · g(-1). Their contents reduced with the extension of storage time. Compared with the samples of 2013, the average content of the two constituents in the samples collected in year 2002-2003 reduced 34% and 36%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared the A. sieboldii var. seoulense and A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with the same collective time and production area, the average contents of the two constituents in latter were up to (1.59 ± 0.75) mg · g(-1) and (2.90 ± 1.17) mg · g(-1), respectively, significantly higher than that in A. sieboldii var. seoulense (dodecatetraenamide A were (0.78 ± 0.52) mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B were (1.69 ± 0.83) mg · g(-1)) (P < 0.05). The content of the dodecatetraenamide A in overground part was in the range of 0.11-0.33 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 0. 24-0.60 mg · g(-1), which were much lower than that of the underground part of ARR (dodecatetraenamide A was in the range of 0.73-3.89 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 2.11-6.24 mg · g(-1)). The method was certified to be simple, accurate and reliable and could be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamide A and B in different species of ARR, also can be used for the comprehensive quality control of traditional Chinese medicine, Asari Radix et Rhizoma.
Amides ; chemistry ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective To determine the distribution of HCV genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis C,study the distribution of genotype in different gender and the relationship between genotypes and serum HCV-RNA levels.Methods Two hundred and six cases of HCV RNA positive patients(all with relevant clinical data) receiving pegylated interferon therapy were collected from May to December 2010.HCV RNA was detected in 206 hepatitis C patients from 40 hospitals in China by Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HBV test,and genotype was determined by Abbott RealTime HCV G enotype Ⅱ .The distribution of genotypes in the gender was analyzed by chi-square test analysis.The relationship between genotypes and serum HCV RNA levels was detected by single factor analysis and two independent sample t test analysis.Results There were seven different subtypes of HCV in 206 samples,including genotype 1,7 cases(3.4% ,7/206); genotype 1a,2 cases(1.0%,2/206); genotype 1b,123 cases (59.7 %,123/206); genotype 2,32 cases(15.5 %,32/206); genotype 3,27 cases(13.1%,27/206); genotype 6,6 cases(2.9% ,6/206) ;genotype 1/6,5 cases(2.4% ,5/206) ;genotype 2/4,1 cases(0.5%,1/206).There was no significant difference between HCV genotype and gender in 132 cases with genotype 1 and 65 cases with non-genotype 1(genotype 2,3,6) (x2 = 0.000,P ＞ 0.05).There was significant association between quantity of HCV RNA and genotype in 188 patients with HCV(F = 3.371,P＜ 0.01).The 197 patients with HCV single genotype were divided into five groups in terms of region(East,South,West,North and Center).There was no significant difference between HCV genotype 1 and non-genotype 1 in the five groups(x2 = 5.840,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions It is suggested that HCV 1 b is the most prevalent type in China,followed by HCV 2.There is no significant difference between HCV genotype and gender.The levels of HCV RNA with genotype 1b are significantly higher than those with genotype 3.The levels of HCV RNA with genotype 2 are significantly higher than those with genotype 3.The levels of HCV RNA with genotype 6 are significantly higher than those with genotype 3.

Objective To provide updated recommendations for further adjustment of iodine deficiency disorders control strategy by evaluating awareness of the dangers of iodine deficiency disorders and their prevention and control measures among local residents and the willingness of choosing iodized or non-iodized salt in urban communities of Jiangsu province.Methods Trained health service workers did questionnaire investigation on iodine deficiency disorders prevention knowledge by calling computer-randomly selected family telephone numbers in every two blocks of provincial capital (Nanjing) and coastal city (Nantong) in Jiangsu province in 2010.The survey topics covered include:when supplied with both non-iodized and iodized salt,what kind of salt the local residents chose and the reasons; residents awareness of the dangers of iodine deficiency disorders and their prevention and control measures; resident's personal information(including only occupational category and age group).Key fields were rechecked from 10％ randomly selected valid questionnaires.Results Four hundred and fifty-five valid questionnaires were obtained by calling 2021 randomized telephone numbers in Nanjing and Nantong cities.After 10.1％(46/455) of the valid questionnaires were rechecked,the total coincidence rate was 87.0％(40/46).In the two cities,there were 73.2％ (333/455) of those 455 respondents saying they would choose iodized salt when iodized and non-iodized salt were supplied at the same time.There were 69.0％(314/455) of respondents had heard of iodine deficiency disorders,of which 79.6％(250/314) of them were aware of the dangers of iodine deficiency is endemic goiter,and 10.8％ (34/314) of them knew that iodine deficiency can cause varying degrees of mental damage.With respect to useful preventive methods of iodine deficiency disorders,there were 69.4％ (218/314) respondents know that eating iodized salt,and 41.1％ (129/314) respondents know that taking laver or kelp would prevent iodine deficiency disorders.Conclusions Remarkable achievements on iodine deficiency disorders health promotion and health education have been gained in urban communities of both the provincial capital and the coastal city Jiangsu province.However,some of the people are still not very clear why we should eat iodized salt.Salt industry in the current management system,is still premature to provide iodized salt and non-iodized salt simultaneously now.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of morphine on male reproductive ability and its mechanisms in the rat model of morphine tolerance.

METHODSTwenty male SD rats were equally randomized to groups I (control) and II (morphine tolerance). On the 1st day, the basic paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) was obtained from all the rats followed by subcutaneous injection of morphine at 10 mg/kg and then calculation of the percentage of the maximal possible effect (MPE) at 30 min after administration. On the 2nd day, the rats of group I were injected subcutaneously with saline and those of group I with morphine at 10 mg/kg bid for 7 days. Then all the rats were killed after behavioral tests and their testes and epididymides harvested for sperm counting and determina- tion of the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSOn the 1st day, no obvious differences were ob- served between the two groups in the basic PWTL or the percentage of MPE. On the 7th day, the percentage of MPE was significantly decreased in group II as compared with group I (P < 0.05), while the basic PWTL showed no marked difference between the two groups. Group II also exhibited a significantly reduced epididymal perm count (P < 0.05) and remarkably upregulated expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 in comparison with group I.

CONCLUSIONMorphine might increase testicular cell apoptosis and reduce sperm concentration by upregulating the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 in the rat model of morphine tolerance.

Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Drug Tolerance ; physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Male ; Morphine ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Reproduction ; drug effects ; Sperm Count ; Testis ; drug effects ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the cervical cancer mortality and distribution profiles by areas and population in 2004 - 2005 and the changes in the last 30 years.

METHODSThe demographic information and cervical cancer death data came from the Third National Retrospective Sampling Survey of Death Causes which including 158 sampling areas (including 61 cities and 97 villages; 52 in the east region, 49 in the middle region and 57 in the west region) covered 31 province-level regions in the interior of China by multiple stage stratified clustering sampling. The total number of the samples were 142 660 482 person years (72 970 241 person years in male and 69 690 241 person years in female). The crude and age-specific death rate was calculated. The standardized death rate was calculated by using 5 years interval from the census data of 2000. In addition, the mortality data was compared with the two previous national death surveys in 1970's and 1990's, respectively.

RESULTSIn the sampling region of the third retrospective death causes survey from 2004 to 2005, the crude death rate of cervical cancer was 2.86/100 000 (1995/69 690 241), which accounting for 2.86% (1995/69 667) and ranking 9th of all cancer death causes in female population. The crude death rates of cervical cancer were 2.88/100 000 (1326/46 091 419) and 2.83/100 000 (669/23 598 822) for rural areas and urban areas, respectively, the Chinese population adjusted death rates of rural and urban areas were 2.01/100 000 and 1.67/100 000, respectively. The standardized death rates of cervical cancer in 1973 - 1975 and 1990 - 1992 were 11.10/100 000 and 3.25/100 000, respectively, which accounting for 17.91% and 4.86%, respectively; in 2004 - 2005, the crude death rates increased by age, rose remarkably from the age of 40 and arrived the peak of 20.83/100 000 (82/393 624) at the age of 85. The mortality among 35 - 44 year-old group was higher than those in 1990's. The crude death rates of the middle, west and east areas were 3.41/100 000 (827/24 225 738), 3.25/100 000 (636/19 563 647) and 2.05/100 000 (532/25 900 856), respectively, the Chinese population adjusted death rates of the middle and west areas were about twice that of the east (2.35/100 000 in the middle, 2.38/100 000 in the west, and 1.19/100 000 in the east).

CONCLUSIONThe mortality of cervical cancer was higher in rural areas than that in urban, as well as higher in the middle and west areas than that in east area in the interior of China in 2004 - 2005. Younger trend of cervical cancer death was observed; the mortality of cervical cancer and constituent ratio in the female tumor death continued to decline compared to those in 1973 - 1975 and 1990 - 1992.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cause of Death ; trends ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Young Adult

The study established a UPLC-MS/MS method that is used for simultaneous determination nine major bioactive compounds of Dachengqi Tang in rat plasma. Using Aglient C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm,1.7 microm) was chromatographed, using methanol-5 mmol x L(-1) ammonium formate mobile phase gradient, elution 0.3 mL x min(-1). In the plasma pre-treatment process, not only the method of methanol and acetonitrile protein precipitation was investigated, and different factors extraction solvent, the type of the scroll time, the number and the type of extraction solvent, the extraction volume of the extraction solution of liquid-liquid extraction is investigated. Finally, with ibuprofen as an internal standard, using ethyl acetate liquid-liquid extraction method pretreatment blood, N2 dry reconstituted supernatant after centrifugation UPLC-MS/MS analysis, in electrospray ionization (ESI) negative mode, using multiple reaction monitoring mode for testing. The linear range of emodin, rhein, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, magnolol, honokiol, hesperidin and hesperitin is 0.33-660, 0.40-792, 0.41-827, 0.34-680, 0.45-907, 0.46-927, 0.43-867, 0.34-683, 0.39-787 microg x L(-1) respectively, good linear relationship; and extraction recovery were greater than 69.39%, days after the day of the RSD is less than 15%. This method can be used to study the rat gastric large bearing gas after Dachengqi Tang, the simultaneous determination of nine components in plasma for its pharmacokinetics and efficacy material base to provide a theoretical basis.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo analyze and identify the principal composition of ethyl acetate part of Huangqi Danggui decoction by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS).

METHODThe analysis conditions are as follows: Zorbax SB C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column; mobile phase (A) water mobile phase (B) acetonitrile, gradient elution; UV detection wavelength 254 nm; ESI source and data acquisition in positive and negative mode.

RESULTThe accurate molecular weights of 20 compounds were measured and identified in ethyl acetate part of Huangqi Danggui decoction. Furthermore, the types of them are as below: flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, saponins, oligosaccharides, amino acids and phthalides.

CONCLUSIONIt is a rapid and accurate method that the compositions of compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine can be identified in terms of the separation of high performance liquid chromatography, the accurate molecular weights measured by MS and other information, which can clarify the potential effective compounds of Huangqi Danggui decoction.

Acetates ; chemistry ; Amino Acids ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Molecular Weight ; Oligosaccharides ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods