Objective To investigate the relationship between androgen receptor CAG-gene polymorphism and androgen in male with salt sensitive hypertension.Methods Through the oral saline loading test and furosemide volume method male hypertension group were divided into salt-sensitive (SS group) and salt-insensitive (SR group).The samples from 161 males were selected in the study,including salt sensitive hypertension patients (SS group,61/161),salt-insensitive hypertension patients (SR group,40/161) and age-matched healthy samples (control group,60/161).All samples were sequenced with an analysis method (CAG) n repeated polymorphism,and determinated of total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT) level in serum by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Results The number of CAG repeats was 14～34,average 22.4± 2.7.The CAG repeats of SS,SR and control group were 23.5±3.75,22.3±3.17 and 21.8±2.95,respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups (t=2.627～ 3.257,all P＜0.05).The level of TT and FT in SS and SR group were decreased compared with that of control group.At the same time,the level of SS group was lower,and there were significant differences among the three groups (t=2.524～ 3.826,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The androgen receptor gene repeat length and androgen levels are associated with male hypertension,especially salt-sensitive hypertension.Long (CAG) n repeat polymorphism maybe a genetic factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension.Plasma androgen levels may be used as a predictor of male salt sensitive hypertension.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; pathology ; Hemangiosarcoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; pathology

It was estimated that about 428 species of genus Corydalis are distributed all worldwide, with about 298, especially 10 groups and 219 species being uniquely spread in China. The genus Corydalis have been widely employed as folk medicines in China, especially as traditional Tibetan medicines, for treatment of fever, hepatitis, edema, gastritis, cholecystitis, hypertension and other diseases. The phytochemical studies revealed that isoquinoline alkaloids are its major bioactive ingredients. The extensive biological researches suggested its pharmacological activities and clinic applications against cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system, antibacterial activities, analgesic effects, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-injury for hepatocyte, and so on. As an effort in promoting the research of pharmacodynamic ingredients, this article presents an overview focusing on the distribution, phytochemical and pharmacological results of Corydalis species that have been applied in traditional Tibetan medicinal, hopefully to provide a reference for the new Tibetan medicine development from Corydalis plant resource.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; classification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Phytotherapy

To develop an analytic method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamides A, B in 42 samples of two official species of Asari Radix et Rhizoma( ARR) (37 samples of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with different collection time and 5 samples of Asarum sieboldiivar. seoulense). The HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS methods for the qualitative and UPLC-PDA methods for the quantitative analysis were established. Dodecatetraenamides A, B were identified by comparing the retention time, UV absorption spectrum and quasi-molecular ion peak [ M + H]+ with the reference compound using HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS. The content of dodecatetraenamides A and B in ARR were determined by UPLC-PDA. The separation was successfully carried out on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm) column eluted with mobile phases of water (A) and acetonitrile (B) in gradient program (0-3 min, 35% B; 3-5 min, 35%-36% B; 5-6 min, 36%-43% B; 6 min-11 min 43% B; 11-12 min, 43%-100% B). The column temperature was 45 °C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The flow rate was 0.6 mL · min(-1). On one level mass spectrometry scanning, the results showed that the quasi-molecular ion [M + H] + of both dodecatetraenamides A and B were m/z 248.20. The quantitative method with UPLC-PDA has made the baseline separation of the constituents, which were reported as mixtures in the most literatures. The average recovery of dodecatetraenamides A and B were 97.90% and 99.86%, the relative standard deviation were 0.4% and 1.1%, respectively. The contents of dodecatetraenamides A, B in all ARR samples was in the range of 0.11-3.89 and 0.24-6.65 mg · g(-1). Their contents reduced with the extension of storage time. Compared with the samples of 2013, the average content of the two constituents in the samples collected in year 2002-2003 reduced 34% and 36%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared the A. sieboldii var. seoulense and A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with the same collective time and production area, the average contents of the two constituents in latter were up to (1.59 ± 0.75) mg · g(-1) and (2.90 ± 1.17) mg · g(-1), respectively, significantly higher than that in A. sieboldii var. seoulense (dodecatetraenamide A were (0.78 ± 0.52) mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B were (1.69 ± 0.83) mg · g(-1)) (P < 0.05). The content of the dodecatetraenamide A in overground part was in the range of 0.11-0.33 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 0. 24-0.60 mg · g(-1), which were much lower than that of the underground part of ARR (dodecatetraenamide A was in the range of 0.73-3.89 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 2.11-6.24 mg · g(-1)). The method was certified to be simple, accurate and reliable and could be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamide A and B in different species of ARR, also can be used for the comprehensive quality control of traditional Chinese medicine, Asari Radix et Rhizoma.
Amides ; chemistry ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective To determine the distribution of HCV genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis C,study the distribution of genotype in different gender and the relationship between genotypes and serum HCV-RNA levels.Methods Two hundred and six cases of HCV RNA positive patients(all with relevant clinical data) receiving pegylated interferon therapy were collected from May to December 2010.HCV RNA was detected in 206 hepatitis C patients from 40 hospitals in China by Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HBV test,and genotype was determined by Abbott RealTime HCV G enotype Ⅱ .The distribution of genotypes in the gender was analyzed by chi-square test analysis.The relationship between genotypes and serum HCV RNA levels was detected by single factor analysis and two independent sample t test analysis.Results There were seven different subtypes of HCV in 206 samples,including genotype 1,7 cases(3.4% ,7/206); genotype 1a,2 cases(1.0%,2/206); genotype 1b,123 cases (59.7 %,123/206); genotype 2,32 cases(15.5 %,32/206); genotype 3,27 cases(13.1%,27/206); genotype 6,6 cases(2.9% ,6/206) ;genotype 1/6,5 cases(2.4% ,5/206) ;genotype 2/4,1 cases(0.5%,1/206).There was no significant difference between HCV genotype and gender in 132 cases with genotype 1 and 65 cases with non-genotype 1(genotype 2,3,6) (x2 = 0.000,P ＞ 0.05).There was significant association between quantity of HCV RNA and genotype in 188 patients with HCV(F = 3.371,P＜ 0.01).The 197 patients with HCV single genotype were divided into five groups in terms of region(East,South,West,North and Center).There was no significant difference between HCV genotype 1 and non-genotype 1 in the five groups(x2 = 5.840,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions It is suggested that HCV 1 b is the most prevalent type in China,followed by HCV 2.There is no significant difference between HCV genotype and gender.The levels of HCV RNA with genotype 1b are significantly higher than those with genotype 3.The levels of HCV RNA with genotype 2 are significantly higher than those with genotype 3.The levels of HCV RNA with genotype 6 are significantly higher than those with genotype 3.

Objective To provide updated recommendations for further adjustment of iodine deficiency disorders control strategy by evaluating awareness of the dangers of iodine deficiency disorders and their prevention and control measures among local residents and the willingness of choosing iodized or non-iodized salt in urban communities of Jiangsu province.Methods Trained health service workers did questionnaire investigation on iodine deficiency disorders prevention knowledge by calling computer-randomly selected family telephone numbers in every two blocks of provincial capital (Nanjing) and coastal city (Nantong) in Jiangsu province in 2010.The survey topics covered include:when supplied with both non-iodized and iodized salt,what kind of salt the local residents chose and the reasons; residents awareness of the dangers of iodine deficiency disorders and their prevention and control measures; resident's personal information(including only occupational category and age group).Key fields were rechecked from 10％ randomly selected valid questionnaires.Results Four hundred and fifty-five valid questionnaires were obtained by calling 2021 randomized telephone numbers in Nanjing and Nantong cities.After 10.1％(46/455) of the valid questionnaires were rechecked,the total coincidence rate was 87.0％(40/46).In the two cities,there were 73.2％ (333/455) of those 455 respondents saying they would choose iodized salt when iodized and non-iodized salt were supplied at the same time.There were 69.0％(314/455) of respondents had heard of iodine deficiency disorders,of which 79.6％(250/314) of them were aware of the dangers of iodine deficiency is endemic goiter,and 10.8％ (34/314) of them knew that iodine deficiency can cause varying degrees of mental damage.With respect to useful preventive methods of iodine deficiency disorders,there were 69.4％ (218/314) respondents know that eating iodized salt,and 41.1％ (129/314) respondents know that taking laver or kelp would prevent iodine deficiency disorders.Conclusions Remarkable achievements on iodine deficiency disorders health promotion and health education have been gained in urban communities of both the provincial capital and the coastal city Jiangsu province.However,some of the people are still not very clear why we should eat iodized salt.Salt industry in the current management system,is still premature to provide iodized salt and non-iodized salt simultaneously now.

OBJECTIVETo analyze and identify fatty acids in the seeds of Sterculia lychnophora.

METHODThe compositions was isolated and determined by GC-MS technique, and area normalization method was used to make quantitative analyze of the content of compositions.

RESULTS21 Fatty acids and 5 other compositions were isolated and determined.

CONCLUSIONThe major fatty acids are 9,12(Z,Z)-octadecadienoic acid(37.96%), hexadecanoic acid(24.77%), 9-(Z)-octadecenoic acid(19.77%) and octadecanoic acid(5.01%).

Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Palmitic Acid ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Sterculia ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo analyze and identify the principal composition of ethyl acetate part of Huangqi Danggui decoction by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS).

METHODThe analysis conditions are as follows: Zorbax SB C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column; mobile phase (A) water mobile phase (B) acetonitrile, gradient elution; UV detection wavelength 254 nm; ESI source and data acquisition in positive and negative mode.

RESULTThe accurate molecular weights of 20 compounds were measured and identified in ethyl acetate part of Huangqi Danggui decoction. Furthermore, the types of them are as below: flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, saponins, oligosaccharides, amino acids and phthalides.

CONCLUSIONIt is a rapid and accurate method that the compositions of compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine can be identified in terms of the separation of high performance liquid chromatography, the accurate molecular weights measured by MS and other information, which can clarify the potential effective compounds of Huangqi Danggui decoction.

Acetates ; chemistry ; Amino Acids ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Molecular Weight ; Oligosaccharides ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study whether aristololactam I (AL-I) can enter renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and the situation of intracellular distribution and accumulation.

METHODCultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) was used as the subject. Intracellular fluorescence from AL-I and its distribution are examined by fluorescence microscopy after a treatment with different concentration of AL-I, the intracellular accumulation of AL-I was also investigated by incubated cells in AL-I -free medium for 48 h after washing-out the media containing AL-I.

RESULTAfter treatment of AL-I (concentration from 5 microg x mL(-1) to 20 microg x mL(-1)), glaucous fluorescence could be observed inside renal proximal tubular epithelial cells at 0.5 h, and the fluorescence distributed only in cytoplasm while not be observed in nuclei. Moreover, the fluorescence of AL-I could be kept in cytoplasm for more than 48 h after washing out the media containing AL-I .

CONCLUSIONAL-I is able to enter renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in short time and accumulate in cytoplasm, but not enter nuclei. This property may contribute to the cytotoxic mechanism of renal injury induced by AL-I, which may partially explain the persistent renal toxicity of AAs and its metabolites in the development of aristolochic acid nephropathy.

Animals ; Aristolochic Acids ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cytoplasm ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal ; cytology ; pathology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of morphine on male reproductive ability and its mechanisms in the rat model of morphine tolerance.

METHODSTwenty male SD rats were equally randomized to groups I (control) and II (morphine tolerance). On the 1st day, the basic paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) was obtained from all the rats followed by subcutaneous injection of morphine at 10 mg/kg and then calculation of the percentage of the maximal possible effect (MPE) at 30 min after administration. On the 2nd day, the rats of group I were injected subcutaneously with saline and those of group I with morphine at 10 mg/kg bid for 7 days. Then all the rats were killed after behavioral tests and their testes and epididymides harvested for sperm counting and determina- tion of the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSOn the 1st day, no obvious differences were ob- served between the two groups in the basic PWTL or the percentage of MPE. On the 7th day, the percentage of MPE was significantly decreased in group II as compared with group I (P < 0.05), while the basic PWTL showed no marked difference between the two groups. Group II also exhibited a significantly reduced epididymal perm count (P < 0.05) and remarkably upregulated expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 in comparison with group I.

CONCLUSIONMorphine might increase testicular cell apoptosis and reduce sperm concentration by upregulating the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 in the rat model of morphine tolerance.

Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Drug Tolerance ; physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Male ; Morphine ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Reproduction ; drug effects ; Sperm Count ; Testis ; drug effects ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism