Objective The differential diagnosis of female precocious puberty (PP) and premature breast development (PT) was made by ultrasound and related hormone levels,so as to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis.Methods In this study,from 2015 to 2016 due to early breast enlargement (age ＜ 8 years) to our hospital pediatric patients with children,according to the diagnostic criteria were divided into PP group and PT group.Ultrasonography was performed on all patients and graded according to the criteria.At the same time,the levels of clinical and hormones were compared between the two groups.ROC analysis was used to identify the significant differences.Results In this study,a total of 60 cases of female children,including PP and PT children were 30 cases.Ultrasonic breast grading was positively correlated with age,BA,BD,LH level,FSH level and E2 level,but there was no correlation between BA/CA.There was no statistical difference between the breast ultrasound and the breast diameter (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of LH and FSH,basal LH/ FSH,LF and FSH peak and LH/FSH peak in the PP group were significantly higher than those in the PT group (P ＜ 0.05).The ROC analysis found 100％ sensitivity and 85％ specificity for LH/FSH peak ＞0.25 for diagnosis of PP,with a 72％ sensitivity and a specificity of 65％ for basal LH ＞ 0.1 mIU/ml.The SHBG level was the only one that did not overlap [PP:80.6 (62.3-95.4) vs PT:114.5 (107.6-121.5)].There was no significant difference in kisspeptin,leptin and neurokinin B between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Breast ultrasound by grading and measurement of breast buds can be effective in evaluating the development of female precocious puberty breast development,but can not identify PP and PT.The study found that SHBG concentration and peak ratio of LH/FSH can effectively identify PP and PT,but kisspeptin,neurokinin B and leptin is not enough to identify PP and PT.

Objective To study the effect of estrogen on myocardial injury in hypothyroidism rats and to reveal the pathology of occurrence and development of the myocardial injury in hypothyroidism rats.Methods The model of hypothyroidism rats was established by feeding propylthiouracil.The pathology of the female group ( n =40 ) and male group ( n =40 ) was observed dynamicly.The presence of myocardial apoptosis cell was demonstrated by the method of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dTUP nick end labeling (TUNEL).And the immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in the myocardial cells.Results The myocardial cell apoptosis appeared in hypothyroidism rats.With the development of the disease,the apoptosis myocardial cell was increased progressively (Female rats group:the numbers of myocardial cell apoptosis at 3,6,8,10,and 12 weeks were 16.40 ± 2.62,29.50 ± 2.67,34.50 ± 3.34,42.70 ±3.24,and 56.00 ± 2.90 respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ; Male rats group:the numbers of myocardial cell apoptosis at 3,6,8,10,and 12 week were 21.60 ± 2.67,35.50 ± 2.94,41.70 ± 2.96,46.70 ± 3.11,and 60.70 ± 3.31respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ),which indicated that estrogen may be related to myocardial cell apoptosis.Conclusion The myocardial cell apoptosis is related with the myocardial injury in hypothyroidism rats.Myocardial cell apoptosis may result in the myocardial injury.The estrogen participates in regulating apoptosis,but its function gradually weakens with the development of the hypothyroidism.

Animals ; Aorta ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloride Channels ; physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) on the expression of endogenous TGF-β3 and proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC).MethodsRat HSC cells were seeded in 24-well plates and were divided into 2 groups.One group of cells were exposed to TGF-β3 of different concentrations (0.08,0.4,2,10 and 50 ng/ml) for 2 hours and then the cell culture supernatant was collected; the other group of cells were exposed to 10 ng/ml TGF-β3 and the cell culture supernatant was collected at different time point (0.25,0.5,1,2,4,8 and 13 h).The content TGF-β3 was determined by ELISA method.Some other HSC cells were seeded in 96-well plates and divided into 2 groups.One group of cells were cultured in the presence of exogenous TGF-β3 of different concentrations (0.001,0.005,0.02,0.08,0.32,1.25,5,20,100,500 ng/ml) for 24 hours and then the cell proliferation was detected; the other group of cells were treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β3 for 24 and 48 hours.The cell proliferation was measured by MTT method.The HSC cell morphology of control group and TGF-β3 treated group was observed under inverted microscope. Results The endogenous TGF-β3 expression of HSC cells obviously increased after exogenous TGF β3 treated at 2 ng/ml and reached the peak at 3 hour [(0.845±0.028) ng/ml vs (0.026±0.021) ng/ml,F=210.168,P=0.00].Low concentrations of exogenous TGF-β3 did not affect the proliferation of HSC cells.Above 0.32 ng/ml,exogenous TGF-β3 could promote HSC proliferation.There was no dose-dependent relationship between HSC cell proliferation and the concentration of exogenous TGF-β3 (F=0.68,P=0.57).Under microscope,lhere was no significant difference in HSC cell morphology between control group and TGF-β3 treated group.Conclusions Exogenous TGF-β3 can promote the expression of endogenous TGF-β3 in HSC cells,and can promote HSC cell proliferation.There is no obvious effect of exogenous TGF-β3 on HSC morphology.

A NTC thermistor-based wearable body temperature sensor was designed. This paper described the design principles and realization method of the NTC-based body temperature sensor. In this paper the temperature measurement error sources of the body temperature sensor were analyzed in detail. The automatic measurement and calibration method of ADC error was given. The results showed that the measurement accuracy of calibrated body temperature sensor is better than ± 0.04 degrees C. The temperature sensor has high accuracy, small size and low power consumption advantages.
Body Temperature ; Calibration ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods

Objective To explore the expression of SP-A in surface active substance of sputum pulmonary of dysfunctional venti-latory weaning response patients and to study changes of expression of SP-A and oxygenation index ,arterial partial pressure of oxy-gen .Methods The mechanical ventilatory patients were divide into dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response group (group A) and easily weaning group(group B) ,then collected sputum from ventilators at different times :on the first day ,two and seven days after using ventilators .Used ELISA to test level of SP-A and oxygenation index ,arterial partial pressure of oxygen in sputum of group A and group B .Results For group A ,SP-A content oxygenation index and arterial partial pressure of oxygen were significantly less than those for group B(P<0 .05);after two days ,for group A ,SP-A content in sputum was significantly less than that on the first day ,and SP-A content in sputum was significantly less than that on the second day (P<0 .05);two days later ,oxygenation index and arterial partial pressure of oxygen were significantly lmore than those on the first day (P<0 .05) and there was no statistical difference in oxygenation index and arterial partial pressure of oxygen between the seventh day and the second day (P>0 .05) .Con-clusion Dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response and lung injury related to ventilator can be diagnosed early through the test of SP-A content in sputum ,which provides a brand-new way and method of treatment in dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response and lung injury related to ventilator .

BACKGROUND: The judgment of the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells after transplantation mainly depends on various genetic labeling in vivo, which are different in sensitivity and effectiveness, thus a method with powerful differential ability, high sensitivity and not restricted by sex is to be established.OBJECTIVE: To observe the DNA genetic loci of short tandem repeat in the blood samples of both donors and recipients before allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and those of recipients at different time points after transplantation.DESIGN: An observation measurement.SETTING: Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen Blood Center.PARTICIPANTS: Blood samples of 18 pairs of donors and recipients, who were successfully matched and accepted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, were selected from the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen Blood Center from February 2004 to December 2005. Among the 18 patients, there were 10 males and 8 females, with a mean age of 35 years old, including 6 cases of them were donated by relatives with blood relationship, and 12 cases by volunteers without blood relationship. Informed consents were obtained from all the participants.METHODS: The blood samples of both donors and recipients before transplantation and the blood samples of recipients after transplantation were collected, and the fluorescence labeling short tandem repeat technique was used to detect the 15 loci for short tandem repeat and Amelogenin sex locus, so that the differential loci between the donor and recipient could be screened. The engraftment and dynamic changes of the short tandem repeat genes of the donors in the recipients after transplantation were observed, the times for the earliest occurrences of short tandem repeat genes of the donors and the complete chimerism were recorded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Differential genes between the donors and recipients before transplantation;②Times for the earliest occurrences of short tandem repeat genes of the donors and the complete chimerism.RESULTS: All the 18 pairs of donors and recipients were involved in the final analysis of results. Satisfactory results of the typing at the 15 loci for short tandem repeat and 1 sex locus in the 18 pairs of samples of both donors and recipients before transplantation and the sample of the recipients after transplantation respectively. Averagely 12.4 (8-15) differential loci for short tandem repeat could be distinguished between the donors and recipients. ②After transplantation, short tandem repeat genes could be detected the earliest at 8 (5-14) days averagely, It took 14 (9-23) days averagely for short tandem repeat loci to convert from recipient type completely into donor type, and the engraftment converted from the recipient chimerism types completely into the donor types.CONCLUSION: The fluorescence labeling compound amplification of short tandem repeat technique can precisely measure the number of PCR products, describe the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells and the whole process of development. It can also provide accurate and timely information for the early judgement of engraftment, predicting failure of transplantation and controlling recurrence.

Objective To study the molecular genetic background of Bel subtype at ABO blood group.Methods Three samples and fifteen samples were diagnosed as Bel subgroup and normal control samples by serological test,respectively.The extracted DNA was genotyped by sequence specific primer- polymerase chain reaction foilowed by sequencing for Exon6 and exon7 at ABO locus and clones were sequenced.Results A novel Bel variant allele(GenBank EF117687) was identified in a Bel individual.The Bel allele was different from the regular B101 allele by single 952G>A missense mutation in exon7.resulting in an amino acid subsfitution of Val for Met at 318 locus.No mutations were detected in the fifteen control samples and the other two Bel allele samples.Conclusions The mutation position was fimt found to lie on coding region of ABO gene behind nucleotide 930.The mutation of G952A in the al,3 galactosyhransferase gene may be one of the molecular genetic basis of Bel ohenotype.

Objective To investigate the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) in murine endochondral ossification. Methods The knockout of HIF-1α or VHL gene in murine osteoblasts was accomplished by conditional knockout technique at 4th, 8th and 12th week, and the differences between wild-type group and knock-out group in endochondral ossification were detected by HE staining, micro-CT scanning, trabecular bone area measurement, calcium content measurement, tetracycline fluorescence labeling, Real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results After knockout of HIF-1α gene in osteoblasts, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) reduced, the rate of new bone formation stepped down, the content of calcium became less, and the trabecular bone volume decreased (P <0.05) . After knockout of VHL gene in osteoblasts, the expression of VEGF increased, the rate of new bone formation stepped up, the content of calcium became more, and the trabecular bone volume was promoted (P < 0.001). Conclusion During murine endochondral ossification, VHL/HIF-1α signal pathway promotes angiogenesis through the stimulation of VEGF expression, which subsequently accelerates osteogenesis.

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics and the evolution of the influenza A (H3N2) virus strains circulating in Jiangsu province between 2013 and 2014.Methods This study analyzed thirty-one representative strains of influenza A (H3N2) virus, which were isolated in different regions of Jiangsu province and during different time periods from 2013 to 2014.Results Genetic distances in nucleic acid and amino acid between a strain used for vaccine production (A/Texas/50/2012) and the 31 strains were 0.010 5 and 0.012 4.Similarities between them in nucleic acid and amino acid sequences were 97.9%-99.6% and 97.2%-99.3%.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the 31 strains were divided into three different groups.Three strains isolated in 2013 and three strains isolated in 2014 belonged to Group 1 and Group 2, respectively, while the others belonged to Group 3.Three positive selection sites (237, 366 and 367) in HA protein were observed by REL model.Compared with the strain used for vaccine production, the 31 strains were characterized by amino acid substitutions (N128A/T and P198S/A) in HA protein and all of the mutations located in B-cell epitopes.The total number of mutation sites reached 24.Compared with the A/Texas/50/2012 strain, seven strains presented the glycosylation site 126NWT, and three strains showed disappeared glycosylation sites of 45NSS and 144NNS.Evaluation of vaccine efficacy for A(H3N2) virus strains showed that the vaccine efficacy was not very well.Conclusion The HA gene of A(H3N2) virus had undergone a greater variation and the vaccine efficacy was not very well in Jiangsu province during 2013 to 2014, which made the influenza A(H3N2) virus become the circulating strain.