Adolescent ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Adolescent ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Insulin, Short-Acting ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of anthocyanin on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats .Methods Totally 30 SD rats were randomly divided into sham group ,model group and anthocyanin group (n=10 in each) .Hepatic ischemia was constructed in model group and anthocyanin group by ligating left middle lobe of liver vascular branches for 90 min . Anthocyanin was administered at 90 min before ischemia by intraperitoneal injection at the concentration of 100 mg/kg for rats in anthocyanin group .Rats in model group and sham group were injected with the same dosage of normal saline at the same time .Serum and liver tissues were collected at 4 h after reperfusion by putting the rats to death .The expressions of ALT ,AST ,IL‐6 ,IL‐1βand TNF‐αin the serum were examined by ELISA .The pathological changes of liver tissue were evaluated by HE .The mRNA levels of IL‐6 ,IL‐1βand TNF‐αwere measured by RT‐PCR .The content of MDA was examined by TBA . The activities of CAT ,GPx and SOD were evaluated by xanthine oxidase method and the expression of p‐JAK2 ,p‐STAT3 ,JAK2 ,STAT3 and P53 were measured by Western blot .Results Compared with those in the sham group ,the activities of ALT and AST ,the expressions of p‐JAK2 ,p‐STAT3 ,P53 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐1β,TNF‐α and the content of MDA as well as the pathological changes of the liver in model group were significantly increased . However ,the activities of CAT ,GPx and SOD in model group were decreased and the expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 between the two groups did not differ .Compared with those in model group ,the activities of ALT and AST ,the expressions of p‐JAK2 ,p‐STAT3 ,P53 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐1β,TNF‐α,the content of MDA and the pathological changes of the liver in anthocyanin group were significantly decreased . But the activities of CAT , GPx and SOD in anthocyanin group were increased and the expressions of JAK 2 and STAT3 between the two groups did not differ , either .Conclusion Anthocyanin pretreatment can significantly decrease hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation ,and the mechanism may be associated with reducing JAK2/STAT3/P53 signaling activation .

Carcinoma ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; therapy

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic changes of contralateral vertebral arteries with transcranial Doppler (TCD)in patients with subclavian artery steal syndrome. Methods Forty-five outpatients or inpatients with subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion confirmed by TCD and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI)and treated at Baoan District Center Hospital of Shenzhen from March 2012 to April 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the TCD detection,the degrees of intracranial arterial steal were divided into 4 groups:non-blood steal (n=8 ),blood steal phase Ⅰ(n=21 ),phase Ⅱ(n=11 ), and phase Ⅲ(n =5 );45 healthy subjects from Baoan District Central Hospital were used as a control group. The contralateral vertebral artery hemodynamic indexes of each blood steal group were detected respectively,and they were compared with the control group. Results Of the patients without blood steal,6 patients had mild subclavian artery stenosis,2 had moderate stenosis;of the patients with phase I blood steal,12 had mild subclavian artery stenosis,9 had moderate stenosis;of the patients with phaseⅡblood steal,3 had moderate subclavian artery stenosis,7 had severe stenosis,and 1 had occlusion;of the patients with phase Ⅲ blood steal,3 had severe subclavian artery stenosis,2 had occlusion. The degree of blood steal was positively correlated with the lesion degree of subclavian artery stenosis (r=0. 78, P<0. 05). TCD findings revealed that the contralateral vertebral artery systolic blood flow velocities in patients with phase Ⅰ,Ⅱ,andⅢsteal groups were 70 ± 23,85 ± 30,and 104 ± 32 cm/s,respectively;their mean flow velocities were 39 ± 10,46 ± 16,and 54 ± 17 cm/s,respectively;their pulsatility indexes were 1. 17 ± 0. 20,1. 27 ± 0. 31,and 1. 43 ± 0. 36,respectively,and they were all significantly higher than 49 ± 9,34 ± 7,and 0. 66 ± 0. 08 cm/s of the control group (all P<0. 01),and 50 ± 11,34 ± 10,and0.68±0.12cm/s of the non-blood steal group (all P<0.01),and there were significant differences among the steal blood groups in each phase (all P <0. 01 ). Conclusion Detecting the hemodynamic indexes of contralateral vertebral arteries using TCD can preliminaryly assess the subclavian artery lesions and their steal degree.

Objective To investigate clinical significance of Homer expression in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with ischemic stroke (IS).Methods It was a retrospecive study.The gene expression levels of Homer were measured by RT-qPCR.266 patientscollected in Zhongnan Hospital from September 2015 to June 2016were divided into 5 groups:large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA,100 cases),cardioembolism (CE,42 cases),small vessel occlusion (SVO,68 cases),stroke of other demonstrated etiology (SOE,23 cases) and stroke of undemonstrated etiology (SUE,33 cases).Meanwhile,age and sex matched 126 healthy controls were also collected.IS diagnostic criteria for cerebral infarctionwas in accordance with the guideline for acute ischemic stroke in China in 2010.The levels of Homers in subgroups were compared by Oneway ANOVA.The area under curve (AUC) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated using ROC analyses.The odds ratio (OR) and 95％ CI were calculated using the multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results The levels of Homer1 [2.01 ± 0.15] and Homer2 [1.81 ± 0.31] in LAA patients were significantly higher than othergroups [Homer1 CE:2.40 ± 0.34;SVO:2.38 ± 0.35;SOE:2.36 + 0.33;SUE:2.40 ± 0.30;control group:2.35 ± 0.28;Homer2 CE:2.09 ± 0.38;SVO:2.08 ± 0.30;SOE:2.09 ± 0.41;SUE:2.10 ± 0.34;control group:2.12 ± 0.31] (Homer1 CE:t =9.353,P＜0.001;SVO:t =9.258,P＜0.001;SOE:t =5.396,P＜0.001;SUE:t=9.644,P＜0.001;control group:t =11.882,P＜0.001;Homer2 CE:t =4.725,P＜0.001;SVO:t =5.545,P＜0.001;SOE:t=3.640,P ＜ 0.001;SUE:t =4.669,P ＜ 0.001);There was no significant difference in the expression of Homer1 (F =0.940,P =0.441) and Homer2 (F =0.336,P =0.854) between non-LAA groupsand healthy controls.There was no significant difference in the expression of Homer3among the groups (F =0.641,P =0.669).Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that,higher Homerl (adjusted OR =8.62,95％ CI:4.13-18.00,P＜0.001) and Homer2 (adjusted OR=2.42,95％ CI:1.75-3.36,P ＜ 0.001) levels showed significant associations with increased odds of having LAA stroke,compared with the controls.ROC curves showed that the AUC of the combination of Homer1 and Homer2 for differentiating LAA and controls was 0.896 (95％ CI:0.862-0.929,P ＜0.001) and the AUCfor differentiating LAAand non-LAA was 0.847 (95％ CI:0.800-0.894,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The expression of Homer1 and Homer2 in peripheral blood leukocytes could be used as novel biomarkers for LAA stroke.

Objective To compare the field molluscicidal effects of 25%suspension concentrate of nielosamide ethanolamine salt(SCNE),50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(WPN),40% META-Li and 50% Rongbao powder,so as to provide scientific basis for choosing the safe and highly effective molluscicide in field.Methods Four snail habitats with the similar snail status were selected and sprayed with the four molluscicides mentioned above,respectively.Then the snail status in the four fields was surveyed 3,7 and 17 d after the spraying and the moiluscicidal effects of difierent molluscieides were cornpared.Results The corrected mortalities of snails in the field sprayed with SCNE 3,7 and 17 d afterthe spraying were the hiishest among the four fields,with the rates of 93.13%,91.85% and 85.28%,respectively.Conclusion SCNE has a high molluseieidal effect in the field and can be further used in snail-infested areas.

Objective To identify the correlativity between SCN4A V781I mutation and hypokalemic periodic paralysis(HOKPP).Methods The SCN4A V781I mutation was screened on the members of a hypokalemic periodic paralysis family(including 3 patients and 14 healthy relatives), 71 sporadical hypokalemic periodic paralysis patients and 100 healthy adults with the PCR sequencing and the incision enzyme techniques.Results The mutation existed not only in all the patients but also in 4 healthy relatives, including 1 male and 3 females, in the hypokalemic periodic paralysis family.Seven of 71 sporadieal hypokalemic periodic paralysis patients and 7 of 100 health adults indicated the SCN4A V781I mutation.There was no significant difference in the SCN4A V781I mutation rate between the hypokalemic periodic paralysis patients and the healthy adults(X~2=0.452, P=0.502).Conclusions SCN4A V781I mutation maybe is an innocent polymorphism.There is little correlativity between SCN4A V781I and hypokalemic periodic paralysis.

Objective To investigate the expression pattern of growth arrest-specific transcript 5 ( GAS5 ) in hepatocellular carcinoma and assess its pre-operation and post-operation levels.Methods Totally 243 patients were collected in Zhongnan Hospital in 2015, and were divided into 4 groups: pre-operation (117 cases), 1 weeks after operation (39 cases), patients with hepatitis B (55 cases) and cirrhosis ( 71 cases ) .Meanwhile, 129 controls were collected.The expression of GAS5 in plasma was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The levels of GAS5 in subgroups were compared by Oneway ANOVA.The relationship between GAS5 and the clinical pathologic features, and its pre-operation and post-operation expression were analyzed by Student′s t test.Results GAS5 was downregulated in HCC plasma and the levels of GAS5 were associated with tumor differentiation ( R2 =0.219,P=0.011) and TNM stage (R2 =0.036,P=0.044).Compared with the levels in pre-operation group (3.958 ±0.282), GAS5 were upregulated after surgery (3.843 ±0.223),t=2.283, P=0.028.In addition, GAS5 expression in well and moderately differentiated HCC was higher than poorly differentiated ones before operation[(3.873 ±0.191) and(4.151 ±0.365),t=2.271,P=0.035], but there was no significant difference after operation[(3.880 ±0.154) and (3.879 ±0.246),t=0.032, P=0.975].The ROC curves indicated that GAS5 had a good sensitivity to differentiate HCC from the healthy ( 88%, 88/100 ) and the cirrhosis ( 90%, 90/100 ) . Conclusion GAS5 might be used to assess the treatment of HCC.

Aims Tocomparethepharmacokineticsof ephedra alkaloids,cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol in Ephedrae, Cinnamomi and Ephedrae-Cinnamomi herb couple through UPLC-MS/MS in rats respective-ly,and to investigate the effect of combination on phys-iologicaldisposition.Methods Plasmasampleswere collected at different times after oral administration of Ephedrae,Cinnamomi and Ephedrae-Cinnamomi herb couple extracts.The concentrations of ephedra alka-loids,cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol in plasma samples were determined by UPLC-MS/MS.DAS 3. 0 was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters.The differences of samples in two groups were conducted with univariate statistical analysis using SPSS 13. 0. Results ComparedwithEphedraegroup,theCmaxof norephedrine hydrochloride, norpseudoephedrine hydrochloride,ephedrine hydrochloride,pseudoephed-rine hydrochloride,and methylephedrine hydrochloride in Ephedrae-Cinnamomi herb couple group were signif-icantly greater (P<0. 05 );the AUC0-t of norpseudo-ephedrine hydrochloride was significantly greater (P<0. 05 );the MRT0-t of norephedrine hydrochloride, phedrine hydrochloride, pseudoephedrine hydrochlo-ride,and methylephedrine hydrochloride were signifi-cantly less (P <0. 05 );the T1/2z of norephedrine hydrochloride,phedrine hydrochloride,and methyl-ephedrine hydrochloride were significantly less (P <0. 05 ).The AUC0-t and MRT0-t of cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol were significantly greater than those inCinnamomigroup(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of Ephedrae and Cinnamomi improves the absorption concentration of five ephedra alkaloids, Slows down the elimination of norephedrine hydrochlo-ride,phedrine hydrochloride,pseudoephedrine hydro-chloride,and methylephedrine hydrochloride,and in-creases the bioavailability of cinnamic acid and cin-namic alcohol.