Adolescent ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Insulin, Short-Acting ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use

Adolescent ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of anthocyanin on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats .Methods Totally 30 SD rats were randomly divided into sham group ,model group and anthocyanin group (n=10 in each) .Hepatic ischemia was constructed in model group and anthocyanin group by ligating left middle lobe of liver vascular branches for 90 min . Anthocyanin was administered at 90 min before ischemia by intraperitoneal injection at the concentration of 100 mg/kg for rats in anthocyanin group .Rats in model group and sham group were injected with the same dosage of normal saline at the same time .Serum and liver tissues were collected at 4 h after reperfusion by putting the rats to death .The expressions of ALT ,AST ,IL‐6 ,IL‐1βand TNF‐αin the serum were examined by ELISA .The pathological changes of liver tissue were evaluated by HE .The mRNA levels of IL‐6 ,IL‐1βand TNF‐αwere measured by RT‐PCR .The content of MDA was examined by TBA . The activities of CAT ,GPx and SOD were evaluated by xanthine oxidase method and the expression of p‐JAK2 ,p‐STAT3 ,JAK2 ,STAT3 and P53 were measured by Western blot .Results Compared with those in the sham group ,the activities of ALT and AST ,the expressions of p‐JAK2 ,p‐STAT3 ,P53 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐1β,TNF‐α and the content of MDA as well as the pathological changes of the liver in model group were significantly increased . However ,the activities of CAT ,GPx and SOD in model group were decreased and the expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 between the two groups did not differ .Compared with those in model group ,the activities of ALT and AST ,the expressions of p‐JAK2 ,p‐STAT3 ,P53 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐1β,TNF‐α,the content of MDA and the pathological changes of the liver in anthocyanin group were significantly decreased . But the activities of CAT , GPx and SOD in anthocyanin group were increased and the expressions of JAK 2 and STAT3 between the two groups did not differ , either .Conclusion Anthocyanin pretreatment can significantly decrease hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation ,and the mechanism may be associated with reducing JAK2/STAT3/P53 signaling activation .

Carcinoma ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; therapy

Aims Tocomparethepharmacokineticsof ephedra alkaloids,cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol in Ephedrae, Cinnamomi and Ephedrae-Cinnamomi herb couple through UPLC-MS/MS in rats respective-ly,and to investigate the effect of combination on phys-iologicaldisposition.Methods Plasmasampleswere collected at different times after oral administration of Ephedrae,Cinnamomi and Ephedrae-Cinnamomi herb couple extracts.The concentrations of ephedra alka-loids,cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol in plasma samples were determined by UPLC-MS/MS.DAS 3. 0 was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters.The differences of samples in two groups were conducted with univariate statistical analysis using SPSS 13. 0. Results ComparedwithEphedraegroup,theCmaxof norephedrine hydrochloride, norpseudoephedrine hydrochloride,ephedrine hydrochloride,pseudoephed-rine hydrochloride,and methylephedrine hydrochloride in Ephedrae-Cinnamomi herb couple group were signif-icantly greater (P<0. 05 );the AUC0-t of norpseudo-ephedrine hydrochloride was significantly greater (P<0. 05 );the MRT0-t of norephedrine hydrochloride, phedrine hydrochloride, pseudoephedrine hydrochlo-ride,and methylephedrine hydrochloride were signifi-cantly less (P <0. 05 );the T1/2z of norephedrine hydrochloride,phedrine hydrochloride,and methyl-ephedrine hydrochloride were significantly less (P <0. 05 ).The AUC0-t and MRT0-t of cinnamic acid and cinnamic alcohol were significantly greater than those inCinnamomigroup(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of Ephedrae and Cinnamomi improves the absorption concentration of five ephedra alkaloids, Slows down the elimination of norephedrine hydrochlo-ride,phedrine hydrochloride,pseudoephedrine hydro-chloride,and methylephedrine hydrochloride,and in-creases the bioavailability of cinnamic acid and cin-namic alcohol.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic changes of contralateral vertebral arteries with transcranial Doppler (TCD)in patients with subclavian artery steal syndrome. Methods Forty-five outpatients or inpatients with subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion confirmed by TCD and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI)and treated at Baoan District Center Hospital of Shenzhen from March 2012 to April 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the TCD detection,the degrees of intracranial arterial steal were divided into 4 groups:non-blood steal (n=8 ),blood steal phase Ⅰ(n=21 ),phase Ⅱ(n=11 ), and phase Ⅲ(n =5 );45 healthy subjects from Baoan District Central Hospital were used as a control group. The contralateral vertebral artery hemodynamic indexes of each blood steal group were detected respectively,and they were compared with the control group. Results Of the patients without blood steal,6 patients had mild subclavian artery stenosis,2 had moderate stenosis;of the patients with phase I blood steal,12 had mild subclavian artery stenosis,9 had moderate stenosis;of the patients with phaseⅡblood steal,3 had moderate subclavian artery stenosis,7 had severe stenosis,and 1 had occlusion;of the patients with phase Ⅲ blood steal,3 had severe subclavian artery stenosis,2 had occlusion. The degree of blood steal was positively correlated with the lesion degree of subclavian artery stenosis (r=0. 78, P<0. 05). TCD findings revealed that the contralateral vertebral artery systolic blood flow velocities in patients with phase Ⅰ,Ⅱ,andⅢsteal groups were 70 ± 23,85 ± 30,and 104 ± 32 cm/s,respectively;their mean flow velocities were 39 ± 10,46 ± 16,and 54 ± 17 cm/s,respectively;their pulsatility indexes were 1. 17 ± 0. 20,1. 27 ± 0. 31,and 1. 43 ± 0. 36,respectively,and they were all significantly higher than 49 ± 9,34 ± 7,and 0. 66 ± 0. 08 cm/s of the control group (all P<0. 01),and 50 ± 11,34 ± 10,and0.68±0.12cm/s of the non-blood steal group (all P<0.01),and there were significant differences among the steal blood groups in each phase (all P <0. 01 ). Conclusion Detecting the hemodynamic indexes of contralateral vertebral arteries using TCD can preliminaryly assess the subclavian artery lesions and their steal degree.

Objective To compare the field molluscicidal effects of 25%suspension concentrate of nielosamide ethanolamine salt(SCNE),50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(WPN),40% META-Li and 50% Rongbao powder,so as to provide scientific basis for choosing the safe and highly effective molluscicide in field.Methods Four snail habitats with the similar snail status were selected and sprayed with the four molluscicides mentioned above,respectively.Then the snail status in the four fields was surveyed 3,7 and 17 d after the spraying and the moiluscicidal effects of difierent molluscieides were cornpared.Results The corrected mortalities of snails in the field sprayed with SCNE 3,7 and 17 d afterthe spraying were the hiishest among the four fields,with the rates of 93.13%,91.85% and 85.28%,respectively.Conclusion SCNE has a high molluseieidal effect in the field and can be further used in snail-infested areas.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy for distant gastric cancer.Methods All 18 patients with distant gastric cancer receiving laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy were analyzed.Results Laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy was performed successfully in all patients.The mean operation time was(291.33?19.61) min.The mean blood loss was(151.32?71.78) ml.The mean numbers of harvested lymph node were 14.57?3.11.The mean time of gastrointestinal function recovery was(3.46?0.93) d,the mean out of bed activity time was(1.75?0.45) d.All patients were followed up for 1-24 months,mean 11 months.No local recurrence,trocar implant or distant metastasis happened.Conclusion Laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy is a feasible and safe surgical procedure combined with minimal trauma and fast recovery.

Objective To analyze the ABCD1 gene mutations in 5 cases of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy(X-ALD) patients and 2 cases of their mothers.Methods Of 5 patients with X-ALD,10 exons and flanking intronic sequences of ABCD1 gene were amplified by polyme-rase chain reaction,and then sequenced directly.The outcomes were compared with normal ABCD1 sequencings to identify the mutation type and site.Thirty normal men were examined in the mean time as control for the confirmation of mutations and gene polymorphisms.Results Three patients showed ABCD1 gene mutations,1 had a point mutation in exon 6,Arg518Gly(CGG→GGG);2 patients showed the same novel mutation in exon 1 with 8 bases deletion(134del8).Four gene polymorphisms were identified in exon 7.They were Gly551X(GGC→GGT),Arg554His(CGT→CAT),Gln567Arg(CAA→CGA) and Val582Ile(GTC→ATC).ABCD1 gene mutation was not found in 2 mothers from 2 unrelated fa-milies with X-ALD.Conclusions Three cases of 5 were detected for ABCD1 gene mutations.Between them,the 134del8 mutation is a novel one.Four new gene polymorphisms were detected in exon 7 in normal Chinese people,which were Gly551X,Arg554His,Gln567Arg and Val582Ile.

Objectives To investigate dynamic pathological features and virus distribution in the liver with a murine severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)model injected with murine hepati- tis virus 3(MHV-3)through trachea.As a representative of host genes,mouse fgl2(mfgl2)pro- thrombinase gene expression and its clinical significance were discussed in SARS associated liver dam- ages.Methods The Balb/cJ mice were infected with 100 PFU of MHV-3 through trachea and Balb/ cJ mice injected with saline were served as control.Survival rate,pathological features in organs and liver function were observed.Virus titers in different organs were determined on monolayer of L2 cells by a standard plaque assay.Virus distribution and cellular localization were studied by in situ hy- bridization.Both mfgl2 and fibrin expressions were examined in the liver by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to investigate the role of mfgl2 in the liver impairment.Results Mice infected with MHV-3 through trachea developed multiple organs damages and died within 5 days,while all mice in control group survived with no histopathological changes.Infected liver tissues showed wide- spread cloudy swelling,prominent ballooning degeneration with mild lymphocytic infiltration in the portal area.Dot and zonal hepatocellular necrosis could be found occasionally.The lungs showed typi- cal interstitial pneumonia and hyaline membranes formation.Other histological changes also could be found in other organs examined.MHV-3 virus replication was identified in all organs observed.The liver function was injured,mfgl2 expression were evidenced mainly in the necrosis areas with fibrin deposition around the necrosis areas.Conclusions Pathological changes of the liver in this murine SARS model can mimic the liver impairment characteristics of SARS in human.In addition to the physical damage induced by the virus,the up-regulation of novel gene mfgl2 in the liver in association with fibrin deposition may play a vital role in the development of SARS associated liver damages.