Objective　To analysis the relation of the diameter of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and other factors with the capsular block syndrome.Methods　We not only analyzed the etiology and clinical characteristic of six cases in intraoperative,early postoperative and lately postoperative,but also discussed the method of treatment.Results　(1)When the diameter of CCC was smaller than the one of IOL's optic , the CBS easily happened; (2)When the hoops of the hydroview IOL had a smaller anterior angle and larger optic, the CBS easily happened; (3)When the viscoelestic material and cortex were stayed in capsular or anterior chamber, the CBS easily happened.Conclusion　(1)Generaly speaking the size of the CCC should right on the edge of the IOL's optic part; (2)To hydroview IOL, we should choose the one which had a larger anterior angle and a smaller optic; (3)Viscoelastic material which should be cleaned and there was no the rest cortex stayed in the capsular.

Objective To explore the causes of pulmonary infection of stroke patient during recovery period. Methods 122 stroke patients combined with pulmonary infection in neural rehabilitation department from January 2008 to July 2011 were analyzed for the relative causes according to clinical nursing. Results Repeated pulmonary infection was correlated with dysphagia and tracheotomy of acute stage (P<0.05); Bilateral pulmonary infection was correlated with dysphagia, tracheotomy of acute stage and age (P<0.05). Conclusion Pulmonary infection is correlated with dysphagia, tracheotomy of acute stage and age in sequence.

Objective To assess the effect of Lep d2 from Lepidoglyphus destructor as a vaccine for specific immunothera?py on murine model of asthma. Methods Thirty BALB/c mice(SPF)were randomly categorized into a PBS group,an asthma group,and a Lep d2 SIT group. The mice in the asthma group and Lep d2 SIT group were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection with extracts of dust mites on Days 0,7th,and 14th,while those in the PBS group were injected with PBS. From the 21st day, the asthma group and Lep d2 SIT group exposed to the extracts of dust mites were stimulated by aerosol inhalation for 7 succes?sive days. During the period of the 25th-27th Day,the mice in Lep d2 SIT group were injected intraperitoneally with Lep d2 al?lergen for SIT 30 min before nasal inhalation,whereas the PBS group and asthma group were treated with only PBS. Twenty?four hours after the final inhalation,all the mice were sacrificed,the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids(BALFs)were collected. The lev?els of IFN?γ,IL?5 and IL?13 in the BALF and the supernatant of splenocyte culture solution(SSCS)as well as the levels of spe?cific IgE(sIgE)and sIgG2a in the sera were detected by ELISA. The lung tissues of the mice in the above 3 groups were stained by haematoxylin and eosin(H&E)and observed by a microscope. Results The symptoms of acute asthma attack were observed in the mice of the asthma group and Lep d2 group,but not in the PBS group. The allergic inflammation changes in lung in the Lep d2 SIT group were significantly alleviated compared with those in the asthma group. The concentrations of IFN?γin BALFs and SSCS of the mice in the Lep d2 SIT group were significantly higher than those in the asthma group(both P<0.01),while the levels of IL?5 and IL?13 in the former group were significantly lower than those in the latter group(all P<0.01). Mean?while,the level of sIgE of mice in the Lep d2 SIT group was significantly lower than those in the asthma group(P<0.01),while the level of sIgG2a of mice in the former group was higher than those in the latter group(P<0.01). Conclusion Lep d2 allergen as a vaccine can alleviate the allergic symptoms in the lung of mice effectively after allergen specific immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND:Studies have indicated that melatonin can promote the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cels into neurons, and the effect of melatonin on the osteoblasts form adipose-derived stem cels is rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cels and the effect of melatonin on the bio-viability of differentiated cels.
METHODS:(1) Adipose-derived stem cels were isolated and purified from the inguinal fat of Kunming mice by type I colagenase digestion and differential adhesion method, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining of CD44 was used as a quality control. (2) Osteogenic induction medium was added to induce osteogenic differentiation of passage 2 adipose-derived stem cels. Alkaline phosphatase staining and von Kossa method were combined to evaluate differentiation condition. (3) Melatonin at variable concentrations was added to treat mature osteocytes originated from adipose-derived stem cels and MTT was applied to determine their viability at 24 and 48 hours after culture respectively to find out optimal condition of melatonin treatment. (4) Melatonin at the optimal concentration was used to treat differentiated cels and detect alkaline phosphatase activity after 3 days and 6 days respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After seeding for 48 hours, most cels were adherent, and after 4 days, the cels displayed multiple shapes and colonies of different sizes formed. After subculture, cel morphology homogenized as spindle shape. Cels positive for CD44 were brownish yelow, and localized mainly on the cel membrane. (2) Differentiated cels were positive for von Kossa staining and black sediments scattered in the extracelular matrix. Alkaline phosphatase expressed positively, and brown-black particles, appeared within cels. (3) Melatonin supplement improved the viability of differentiated cels; and 1, 10 and 100 μmol/L was observed as the optimal concentrations both at 24 and 48 hours. (4) The intracelular alkaline phosphatatse activity was increased with time in al the groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank group, the intracelular alkaline phosphatase activity in Melatonin groups (1, 10 and 100 μmol/L) had nochanges at 3 days, but significantly increased at 6 days (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that melatonin can enhance the proliferation of osteocytes differentiated from adipose-derived stem cels, and improve the activity of intracelular alkaline phosphatase.

To investigate the effects of Tianqi Pingchan (TQPC) Granule, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine with antitremor activity, on levodopa-induced dyskinesia and the expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) in rats with Parkinson disease (PD).

Background Research showed that the morbidity rate of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in Mongolian population is 3.02 times more than Han nationality population.To understand the cause and mechanism of PACG in Mongolia is of an important significance.Objective This study was to investigate the pathogenesis of Mongolian PACG.Methods Thirty-two eyes of 32 PACG patients in Mongolia and 40 eyes of 40 PACG patients of Han peoples were included in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital according to the diagnosis criteria of glaucoma group of Chinese Medical Ophthalmology Association (version 1987),and 13 eyes of 13 normal Mongolia and 17 eyes of 17 normal Han peoples who suffered with ocular truma were recruited as controls.Intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured before surgery.The trabecular meshwork tissue was obtained from all the eyes during the operation.Annexinv-FITC/PI double staining was performed and the apoptosis rate of trabecula cells was tested with flow cytometry.Written informed consent was obtained initial of the study.Results The IOP value in Mongolia PACG group,Han PACG group,Mengolia normal group and Han normal group was (35.97±7.11)mmHg,(38.70± 6.82) mmHg,(14.69 ± 2.91) mmHg and (13.59 ± 2.91) mmHg,respectively,showing a significant difference among the 4 groups(F=106.144,P=0.000),and the IOP was significantly higher in the Mengolia PACG group and Han PACG group than the normal groups(P＜0.05).The apoptosis rate of the cells was (7.14±0.67)％,(5.40±0.69) ％,(5.86±0.91) ％ and(2.29±0.65) ％ in the Mongolia PACG group,Han PACG group,Mongolia normal group and Han normal group,respectively,with a significant difference among them (F =174.888,P =0.000),and apoptosis rate of the Mongolia PACG group was significantly higher than that of the Han PACG group and the Mongolia normal group (P＜0.05).No significant difference was found between the Mongolia PACG group and the Han PACG group or between the Mongolia normal group and Han normal group (P＞0.05).The cell apoptosis rate was increased with the elevation of IOP (b =0.990,F=10.209,P =0.009) with the regression equition Y =2.788 +0.092X.Conclusions The apoptosis rate of trabecula cells in Mongolian is higher than Han people.If these results are associated with the high incidence of Mengolia PACG is worth of study.

?AlM: To evaluate the relationship of early-life and childhood exposures and age-related cataract ( ARC ) , and provide a scientific evidence for early preventing, treating and detecting ARC.
?METHODS: A hospital-based case control study was conducted from April 2011 to October 2012. A total of 360 cases ( 360 eyes ) aged 41 ~ 60 years old for cataract extraction and 360 frequency-matched controls in the same hospital for various not related to ARC were included in the study. A structured interviewer -administrated questionnaire that included information on sociodemographic characteristics, early - life and childhood exposures was used. The risk factors of ARC were estimated with unconditioned logistic regression models.
?RESULTS:Early gestational age at birth sooner and lower birth weight was significantly associated with the risk of ARC(OR=1. 152,95%CI:1. 029~2. 235,P=0. 024;OR=1. 374, 95%CI:1. 156 ~2. 581,P=0. 037,respectively). The maternal pre-pregnancy diabetes ( OR=1. 587, 95%CI:1. 177~2. 915,P=0. 019),gestational diabetes (OR=1. 763, 95%CI:1. 375 ~ 2. 367,P= 0. 004), preeclampsia(OR=1. 581, 95%CI: 1. 139 ~1. 996,P=0. 021), and pregnancy induced hypertension (OR=1. 517, 95%CI:1. 032~1. 963,P=0. 024) could make the risk of ARC increased. Of the factors affecting the period of children, only shorter height relative to peers and overweight at age 10 were significantly associated with the risk of ARC( OR=1. 329, 95%CI:1. 072~2. 351,P=0. 038;OR=2. 302, 95%CI:1. 323~3. 196,P=0. 011, respectively).
?CONCLUSlON:Early gestational age at birth, low birth weight, the maternal pre - pregnancy diabetes, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension, and shorter height and overweight relative to peers, at age 10 were risk factors of ARC. But lasted long large and prospective studies are needed to insure early risk factors for ARC in the Chinese population.

AIM:To observe the effect of rapamycin (Rapa) on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and to explore the role of autophagy in this process .METHODS: The SH-SY5Y cells were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group:the cells were cultured without OGD treatment;Rapa group:the cells were pretreated with Rapa for 1 h;OGD group:the culture medium was replaced by glucose-free me-dium and the cells were transferred to a humidified incubation chamber flushed by a gas mixture of 1%O2 , 94%N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h; Rapa+OGD group: the cultured cells were treated with Rapa for 1 h, and then were given the same treatments as those in OGD group .The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay .The degree of the cell damage was evalu-ated by determining the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) .The enzyme activity of caspase-3 was detected .TUNEL staining were used to detect the variation of cell apoptosis .The protein levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2, autophagy-related protein beclin-1 and autophagy marker protein LC 3B were determined by Western blot .RESULTS:Compared with OGD group, the viability of the SH-SY5Y cells was significantly increased, and the activity of caspase-3 was significantly reduced in Rapa +OGD group (P<0.05).The SH-SY5Y cell injury was apparent after OGD with a great in-crease in the apoptotic rate (P<0.05).Compared with OGD group, the apoptotic rate significantly decreased in Rapa +OGD group (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the protein level of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05) and the protein level of Bax was significantly increased in OGD group .Compared with OGD group , the levels of Bcl-2, be-clin-1 and LC3B-Ⅱwere significantly increased and the protein level of Bax was significantly increased in Rapa +OGD group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Rapamycin has a protective effect on in vitro cultured SH-SY5Y cells injured by OGD.The mechanism may be related to the promotion of autophagy .

BACKGROUND: Non-specific protein adsorption resistance is the most important factor for biocompatibility; pre-adsorption of hydrophilic polymer on artificial material surface is one of the effective methods to inhibit protein adsorption. OBJECTIVE: To study pre-adsorption and protein adsorption resistance of poly (isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based amphiphilic comb-block copolymers on polystyrene (PS) surface, and to understand the effect of the copolymer structure, i.e. the chain length and the number of hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or polyethylene oxide (PEO) comb-branches, on protein adsorption resistance. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational study was performed at College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology from November 2007 to November 2008. MATERIALS: Monodisperse PS microsphere was employed to simulate surface of hydrophobic materials, and lysozyme was used as protein model. METHODS:① Qualitative analysis: Aqueous suspension of PS microspheres (0.1 g/L) was treated with PNIPAM-based copolymer (0.1 g/L) at room temperature for 24 hours to allow pre-adsorption of the copolymer on PS surface to build up a hydrophilic layer. Lysozyme (0.1 g/L) was mixed with the PS suspension at 37 ℃ and the mixture was kept for 24 hours. Apparent particle size and turbidity of the suspension were measured at 37C to observe coagulation or flocculation of PS microspheres, which related to the extent of protein adsorption on PS surface. ②Quantitative analysis of protein adsorption: The PS suspension containing lysozyme was subjected to ultracentrifuge (15 000 r/min) to collect clear aqueous solution. The lysozyme concentration in the clear solution was measured by spectrophotometry at 280 nm. The amount of protein adsorbed on PS surface was calculated based on the decrease in the protein concentration in the supernatant solution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Apparent particle diameter, turbidity, mass concentration of aqueous phase residual protein. RESULTS: ① Suspension of bare PS microspheres flocculated in the presence of lysozyme at 37℃ due to protein adsorption,which caused significant decrease in the turbidity of the suspension. Bare PS surface could adsorb 25.5 mg lysozyme per square meter.② PS microsphere surface pre-adsorbed by PNIPAM-based amphiphilic comb-block copolymer adsorbed much less protein. No flocculation and only limit coagulation was observed when the suspension of the surface modified PS microspheres was mixed with lysozyme, due to less protein adsorption on the PS surface. CONCLUSIONS: ① Pre-adsorption of water-soluble PNIPAM-based comb-block copolymer on PS microsphere surface can inhibit protein adhesion on the surface. ② The structure of the copolymer strongly affects the performance of protein resistance. A proper amount of hydrophilic branch unit, VP or EO, is required to exhibit good protein resistance of the copolymer. However, excess hydrophilic branches in the copolymer results in worse protein resistance probably due to less stability of the pre-adlayer of the copolymer on PS surface.

Objective To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols on global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Method Forty-five pathogen-free male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups( n =15 each):sham operation group (group S),cerebral ischemia reperfusion group (group IR) and tea polyphenols group (group TP).Global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was establish by four-vessel occlusion method.At 24 h of reperfusion,five rats were chosen and Evan's blue(EB) was injected iv,and then sacrificed and brain was removed for determination of EB content; another five rats were sacrificed and brain was removed for determination of water content; five rats were chosen for Morris water maze test.Result Compared with group S,EB content and water content in brain tissue were increased in groups IR and 'rP,and escape latency was prolonged,frequency of crossing the original platform was reduced in group IR ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with group IR,EB content and water content in brain tissue were decreased,and escape latency was shortened,frequency of crossing the original platform was increased in group Tp ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tea polyphenols can attenuate global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.