Objective To evaluate the roles of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS) and the volume of the hippocampus(HCV) measured by MRI in the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer disease (AD).Methods HCV and 1H-MRS were performed in the bilateral hippocampus and the bilateral medial temporal lobes(MTLS) in 30 cases with MCI,30 cases mild with AD and 30 healthy persons in age and sex-matched with controls by using volume analysis software and stimulates echo acquisition mode(STEAM). The ratios of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,MI/Cr,NAA/MI and HCV were compared among these groups.The contributions of HCV and 1H-MRS in diagnosis of MCI and AD was compared.Correlation coefficients were calculated for Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and HCV or the ratios of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,MI/Cr and NAA/MI in the MCI group and the mild AD group.Results Patients with mild AD showed significant reduction of HCV and NAA/Cr and NAA/MI ratios in the bilateral HCVand MTLS,and significant MI/Cr increase in the bilateral MTLS relative to control subjects. Patients with MCI demonstrates significant reduction of NAA/Cr in the left MTL , significant reduction of the bilateral HCV and NAA/MI ratio and significant MI/Cr increase in the bilateral HCV and MTLS relative to control subjects. Patients with mild AD showed statistical differences of MI/Cr and NAA/MI ratios in the left MTL relative to patients with MCI . Patients with mild AD showed no significant differences of HCV and NAA/Cr relative to patients with MCI .The Cho/Cr ratios among three groups showed no significant differences. HCV yielded the volume with the sensitivity 50% and specificity 83.33% in the diagnosis of MCI . 1H-MRS yielded the ratios with 43.33% in sensitivity and 81.25% in specificity in the di- agnosis of MCI.The combination of HCV and 1H-MRS yielded the volume and ratios with sensitivity of 73.33% and specificity of 84.62% in the diagnosis of MCI. HCV yielded the volume with sensitivity of 73.33% and specificity of 88% in the diagnosis of mild AD.1H-MRS yielded the ratios with sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 87.5% in the diagnosis of mild AD.The combination of HCV and 1H-MRS yielded the volume and ratios with sensitivity of 83.33% and specificity of 86.21% in the diagnosis of mild AD. HCV yielded the volume with the sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 62.5% in the differential diagnosis of MCI and mild AD.1H-MRS yielded the ratios with sensitivity of 56.67% and specificity of 65.38% in the differential diagnosis of MCI and mild AD.The combination of HCV and 1H-MRS yielded the volume and ratios with sensitivity of 66.67% and specificity of 64.52% in the differential diagnosis of MCI and mild AD. Patients with mild AD and MCI showed significant correlation between MMSE and the bilateral HCV ,NAA/Cr ratio. Patients with mild AD showed significant correlation between MMSE and right NAA/MI ratio .Patients with mild AD and MCI showed significant correlation between HCV and NAA/Cr ratio. Conclusion The combination of HCV and 1H-MRS are the best choice in the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of MCI and mild AD.

Objective We sought to compare the ability of MEWS score,APACHE Ⅱ score and combination of the two scoring systems to predict the prognosis of patients in emergency medical department.Methods During January to March 2014,640 patients in emergency medical department who met the criteria were set as the research object.The patients admission was the starting point for clinic observation.The relevant data were collected for carrying on the MEWS and APACHE Ⅱ ratings,tracking the patients' prognosis.The corresponding predictors for prognosis of patients such as sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and ROC curve by MEWS score,APACHE Ⅱ score and combination of the two scoring systems were compared.Results The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.93,0.79 and 0.93 with MEWS score,APACHE Ⅱ score and combination of the two scoring systems.The comparison of either of the two scoring systems showed significant difference.When death was named as the prediction factor,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 76.92％,91.70％,51.02％,97.23％ for MEWS score; 83.08％,62.80％,20.15％ and 97.04％ for APACHE Ⅱ score; 92.31％,86.43％,43.48％ and 97.58％ for combination of the two scoring systems.Conclusions Combination of the MEWS and APACHE Ⅱ scoring systems can be used to predict the prognosis of patients in emergency medical department.It posesses high sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value,which indicating a high predictive capability.

Objective To investigate the effects of postoperative sleep deprivation on the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in hippocampi of aged rats.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats,aged 20 months,weighing 500-600 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) ; operation group (group O) ; sleep deprivation group (group S) ; postoperative sleep deprivation group (group OS).Sleep deprivation was induced in the rats by housing them on small platforms over water.They fell into the water if they lost muscle tone.All the rats had free access to food and water.In group OS,splenectomy was performed,and all the rats underwent 24 h sleep deprivation after the rats were awake.All the rats underwent 24 h sleep deprivation at the corresponding time point in group S.Morris water maze test was carried out at 24 h after operation.The number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region was counted after completion of Morris water maze test.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were decreased after operation in O and OS groups,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group O,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased,and there was no significant difference in the numberof ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region in group OS,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were decreased after operation in group OS.Conclusion The mechanism by which postoperative sleep deprivation induces cognitive decline is not related to the expression of ChAT in hippocampi of aged rats.

In this experiment, the HPLC specific chromatogram was adopted, with Agilent Extend-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) as the chromatographic column, and 0.5 per thousand trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase for gradient elution, so as to establish specific chromatograms for drug pair of Schizonepetae Herba and Saposhnikoviae Radix from different producing area, identify 12 common characteristic peaks, and obtain the comparison specific chromatography of drug pair of Schizonepetae Herba and Saposhnikoviae Radix. The method is simple, accurate and highly reproducible, and thus can be used as the basis for the quality control of the drug pair.
Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of SKy bone expander system in percutaneous kyphoplasty for treat- ment of osteoporotie verterbral compression fracture.Methods:Twenty-two patients(aged 62-90 years,32 vertebrae)under- went percutaneous kyphoplasty using SKy bone expander system.The bone cement was injected into the collapsed vertebrae. The vasual analogue scale(VAS)and complications were recorded during follow up.Results:The operations were successful in all patients via unilateral or bilateral approach.The operation time ranged from 30 to 120 min.The mean volume of cement in- jected into each vertebra body was(4.8?1.1)ml,ranged from 3.1 to 6.8 ml.Extravertebral leakage of bone cement was ob- served in two vertebrae with no symptoms.All patients had their pain relieved;the VAS was 7.6?0.8 before operation,3.5?0.5 one day after operation,2.8?0.6 one week after operation,and 2.4?0.6 one month after operation,with significant difference found between preoperation and postoperation(P

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of sodium fluoride on the morphologic characteristics of primarily cultured thyroid cells of SD rats and in order to obtain important proof for approaehing the mechani8m of thyroid gland damage caused by fluoride.Methods Thyroid cells of SD rat were primarily culture for 96 hours,and cell density was adjusted to 5.0×108/L Cell suspension with 5 ml Wills seeded into 6 weII plates,after 12 hours,0(contr01),10.100,1000 μmol/L of sodium fluoride was added into the well, witll each well representing different level of treatment group.Finally the cultured thyroid cells were collected for morph010gic study.Results Under microscope,the transparency of the control thyroid cells Was good,and cells gathered in cluster and adhered to wall.But a lot of cells treated with fluoride suspended,and lost their transparency-under scaning delectron microscope,the control calls showed integrated membrane and tightness to each other,as well as clear boundary between cells normal proliferation.While the thyroid cells treated with 10,100 μmol/L sodium fluoride 0bviouslv shrinked and deformed,and the cells treated with 1000 μmol/L of sodium fluoride were broken-Conclusions nuoride can affect the growth and development of thyroid cell and damage the structure and morphology.Sodium fluoride affects the morphologie characteristics of thyroid cells in a dose-response manner.

Objective To evaluate the clinic value of five different ultrasonographic fetal parameters for prenatal diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia.Methods Two hundred and seventy-one normal singleton pregnancies with well-established dates between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation were studied to establish normal reference range of five different ultrasonographic fetal parameters.The five parameters,which could reflect fetal lung mass,were as follows:lung area/body weight ratio,lung area,thoracic circumference/abdominal circumference ratio,lung area/thoracic area ratio and lung area/head circumference.Thirty pregnancies with risk factors for pulmonary hyperplasia were studied for the usefulness of five parameters.Two or more standard deviations below the mean control group measurement were considered abnormal.The prenatal ultrasonic diagnoses of pulmonary hyperplasia were confirmed at neonatal follow-up examinations,on autopsy and by pathologic findings.Results Lung area and lung area/head circumference increased with gestational age,lung area/body weight ratio decreased with gestational age.The relationships among the two ratios(thoracic circumference/abdominal circumference ratio,lung area/thoracic area ratio)and gestational age were relatively constant. Abnormal lung area/body weight ratio had a higher diagnostic accuracy than other parameters.Sensitivity of the parameters,including lung area,lung area/body weight ratio,thoracic circumference/abdominal circumference ratio,lung area/thoracic area ratio and lung area/head circumference were 83%,97%,50%,70% and 87%,respectively.Sensitivity of the lung area/bedy weight ratio was 95%(20/21 fetuses);specificity,9/9 fetuses;positive predictive value,100% (20/20fetuses);negative predictive value,9/10;and accuracy 97% (29/30 fetuses).Conclusion Lung area/body weight ratio is a good predictor of pulmonary hypoplasia.

Objective To compare the normal anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of fresh frozen cadaveric knee specimen in oblique coronal thin-slice section with oblique coronal magnetic resonance imaging. Methods One fresh cadaveric knee specimen was scanned with MR T1-weighted spinecho sequence.then the specimen was frozen and sliced with a band saw along the oblique coronal plane into 1.0-mm-thick sections that corresponded to the MR images,MR images including oblique coronal T1-weighted and T2-weighted images of 50 normal the knee joints were retrospectively reviewed to observe the MR imaging features of the cruciate ligament. Results Anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of ACL were clearly depicted on both anatomic slices and MR images.The anteromedial bundles originated from the posteromedial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle,coursing through the lateral intercondylar notch in an anterior,inferior,and medial direction,and inserted on the anteromedial aspect of the intercondylar eminence. The posterolateral bundles originated from the anteromedial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle,passing laterally and inferiorly through the lateral intercondylar notch,and inserted on the posterolateral side of the intercondylar eminence.The full length of ACL of all 50 individuals was showed on MR images.MRI clearly differenitated the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of ACL and depicted the full length of the bundles.similar to the findings on sectional anatomy.Conclusion Oblique coronal MR imaging is the best way to demonstrate ACL and should be used for clinically suspected injury of ACL.

Objective To find out a treatment with high remission rate,long living period,and a good quality of life for elderly patients with multiple myeloma.Methods All patients were recruited into a treatment group(treated with traditional Chinese medicine,routine chemotherapy,and thalidomide)and a comparison group(treated with traditional Chinese medicine and routine chemotherapy).Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 71.4%,higher than the comparison group(38.5%),but showing 110 statistical difference(P=0.128＞0.05).Median survive time of two groups were 21.8 months and 12 months respectively,(P=0.001＜0.01).The survival rate of 3 years and 5 years were 28.6%,15.4%and 7.1%,0 in the two groups respectively,without significant difference(0.317,1.000,both P＞0.05).Conclusion The treatment group showed higher results in both complete remission rate(CR)and very good partial remission rate(VGPR)than the comparison group,demonstrating a better results in improving the patient's quality of life.The treatment group also had a higher value of the median survive time and the median progression-free surial time than the comparison group.The combined therapy of traditional Chinese medicine,routine chemotherapy and thalidomide is an ideal choice for both aged Patients or young MM patients who had no transplant conditions.