BackgroundOcular melanoma is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis.To study its mode of pathogenesis and development is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment and improving prognosis. Objective This study was to analyze the location and pathological types of ocular melanoma,and explore the relationship of pathological types with prognosis of ocular malignant melanoma. Methods 110 clinical data and specimens of ocular melanoma were collected at West China Hospital,China.The specimens were examined by hematoxylin & eosin staining,immunochemistry and studying their ultrastructure.The growth location,histological classification,and their relationship with prognosis were analyzed and discussed.The clinicopathological records of the 1 l0 cases with ocular region malignant melanoma treated from January 1980 to December 2007 were analyzed.Results The primary locations of the tumors with respect to the tissue type were:66 cases in the uvea (60.00％ ),27 cases in the ocular surface tissue (24.55％),8 cases in the secondary lesion of orbit cavity (7.27％),7 cases on the eyelid skin (6.36％),and 2 cases in the lacrimal sac ( 1.82％ ).The neoplasm was classified according to pathological types:spindle-cell A type in 31 cases (28.18％ ),spindle-cell B type in 31 cases (28.18％),mixed-cell type in 25 cases (22.73％),epithelioid-cell type in 17 cases ( 15.46％ ) and other type in 6 cases (5.45％).The notability of diffusion or recurrence rate of the 5 pathological types showed statistical significance (x2 =14.463,P =0.006 ),and the rank in decending order was:other type,epithelioid-cell type,mixed-cell type,spindle-cell B type and spindle-cell A type.The clinical manifestations of ocular melanoma were dependent upon the lesion position without specificity.ConclusionsThe majority of the ocular malignant melanoma appears in the uvea and ocular surface tissue,and its common pathological types were spindle-cell type followed by mixed-cell type,epithelioid-cell type and other type.The highest recurrence rate is in other type of ocular malignant melanoma.Ophthalmologist should be aware of the clinical manifestation of ocular malignant melanoma.

Animals ; Bile ; Carps ; Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Poisoning ; therapy

Objective To investigate the risk factors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aneuryismal sub?arachnoid hemorrhage, aSAH) vasospasm (cerebral vasospasm, CVS) and provide the basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of CVS. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted on 255 cases aSAH patients receiving treatment between March 2012 and March 2014 in First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Department of Neurosurgery, s treated. The clinical data included admission age, gender, ethnicity, history of hypertension, smoking his?tory, arterial tumor site, improved Fisher grading, admission Hunt-Hess grade, the dosage of Nimodipine, dehydrating agent, white blood cell count, blood glucose, blood lipids, blood calcium levels, platelet count. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic retrospective analysis were used to analyze the association between above-mentioned factors and the occurrence of CVS. Results A total of 73 cases developed CVS after aSAH and incidence rate of CVS was 28.6%. Uni?variate analysis showed that there were significant differences between patients with and without CVS in history of hyper? tension, smoking history, improved Fisher grade, admission Hunt-Hess grade, small doses of nimodipine, white blood cell count and blood glucose (P<0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of hypertension, smoking history, improved Fisher grade, admission Hunt-Hess grade, a small dose of Nimodipine and white blood cell count were risk factors of CVS after aSAH (P<0.05). Conclusions the History of hypertension, smoking history, improved high Fish?er grade, high admission Hunt-Hess grade are independent risk factors of CVS after aSAH. A small dose of Nimodipine is a protective factor while increase in white blood cell count is a risk predictor, which should be controlled by enhancing clinical prevention.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for determining the contents of protocatechuic acid,rutin,gallic acid and kaempferol in Uygur medicine Capparis spinosa. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Agilent C18 with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(7∶93,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 327 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃ and volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.260 0-50.0 μg for protocatechuic ac-id(r=0.995 6),3.109 0-102.0 μg for rutin(r=0.999 9),1.018 0-40.0 μg for gallic acid (r=0.998 9) and 0.063 0-36.0 μg for kaempferol(r=0.998 8);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all no more than 1.20%;average recoveries were respectively 101.51%(RSD=1.85%,n=6),99.70%(RSD=1.23%,n=6),98.28%(RSD=1.86%,n=6) and 100.97%(RSD=1.74%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is specific,and can fast and accurately determine the contents of protocate-chuic acid,rutin,gallic acid and kaempferol in Uygur medicine C. spinosa.

INDENA SPA Company in Italy is a multi-national company that produces and sells plant extracts. Based on its own re- search advantages in the field of Ginkgo biloba preparation, the company protects its own products market effectively through building patent portfolio around the patents of its opponent. Based on the multi-angle analysis for patent portfolio of G. biloba preparation from the aspects of application time, legal status, technical development route, and patent portfolio layout, this article provides technical reference on research and development of G. biloba preparation, and the author suggest that Chinese applicants learn techniques and layout experiences of other patents fully to enhance the level of research and patent protection level.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Italy ; Patents as Topic ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; economics ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the blood-saving effect of controlled low central venous pressure (CLCVP) in different types of hepatectomy.Methods Ninety ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 37-76 yr,weighing 40-75 kg,undergoing elective hepatectomy,were divided into 6 groups according to the surgical approach and whether CLCVP was used during surgery (n =15 each):CLCVP1-3 groups and nonCLCVP1-3 groups (NCLCVP1-3 groups).The standard hepatectomy,half liver resection and irregular hepatectomy were performed in CLCVP1-3 groups,respectively,with CLCVP.The standard hepatectomy,half liver resection and irregular hepatectomy were performed in NCLCVP1-3 groups,respectively,without CLCVP.In CLCVP1-3 groups,from skin incision to the end of liver resection,CVP was maintained ≤ 5 cm H2 O through adjustment of the position,fluid restriction and iv infusion of nitroglycerin,and norepinephrine was infused simultaneously to maintain mean arterial pressure ≥ 60 mm Hg.In NCLCVP1-3 groups CVP was maintained at 6-12 cm H2O.Intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion were recorded.Results Compared with NCLCVP1-3 groups,intraoperative blood loss was significantly decreased in CLCVP1-3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with NCLCVP3 group,the amount of blood transfusion was significantly decreased,the constituent ratio of intraoperative blood loss ＜ 200 ml was increased,and the constituent ratio of intraoperative blood loss ＞ 1000 ml was decreased in group CLCVP3 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CLCVP can decrease the intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion in patients undergoing irregular hepatectomy.

Otolaryngology

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of gallic acid in different preparation parts of Phyl-lanthus emblica. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of ZORBAX Extend C18 with mobile phase of methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid (10:90,V/V) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 270 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃ and the volume injection was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of gallic acid was 0.042 5-0.212 5 mg/ml;RSDs of precision,accura-cy and stability tests were lower than 3.0%;recovery was 99.38%-102.14%(RSD=1.045,n=6). The mass fraction of gallic acid in P. emblica was 1.80%,and the content of gallic acid in different preparation parts was 0.70%-2.38%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,reproducibility,and can be used for the content determination of gallic acid in different preparation parts of P. em-blica.

Objective To analyze risk factors for surgical site infection(SSI) in cardiac surgery patients,so as to provide basis for making control measures.Methods 215 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in a hospital between January 2012 to December 2014 were investigated,univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the related risk factors for postoperative SSI.Results The incidence of postoperative SSI in cardiac surgery patients was 16.28％ (35/215).Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of postoperative SSI was relatively higher in patients aged＞65 years,duration of operation＞5 hours,continuous operation,preoperative hospitalization time ＞7 days,irrational perioperative antimicrobial use,as well as patients with underlying diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the age,duration of operation,continuous operation,preoperative hospitalization time,irrational perioperative use of antimicrobial agents,and patients with underlying diseases were independent risk factors for SSI in patients who underwent cardiac surgery.Conclusion Incidence of SSI is higher in patients with cardiac surgery,preventive measures should be taken to control risk factors such as duration of operation,so as to reduce the incidence of SSI.

Objective To evaluate the function of afferent neuronal pathways (ANP) from the lower urinary tract (LUT) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) by use of sympathetic skin response (SSR). Methods Twenty-one patients with SCI (13 cases of incomplete injury, and 8 cases of complete injury) were recruited as a SIC group and 8 healthy volunteers as a control group. SSRs of all subjects were evoked by means of electrical stimulation (ES) of the median nerve and perineal region,as well as bladder filling (BF), while SSRs of the right palm and sole were recorded using surface electrodes. Results SSRs induced by ES of the median nerve and perineal region, and also by BF in the control group were recorded. SSRs of palms and soles could be recorded by using ES of the median nerve in patients with incomplete SCI, who had desire to void. However, SSRs could not be evoked in 3 of 13 patients with incomplete SCI but without sensation of perineal skin. In 8 patients with complete SCI but without sensation of trunk skin and bladder, SSRs of palms and soles could not be induced during ES of the median nerve if injuries were located over T_3, and SSRs of palms were recorded when the injuries were located between T_(4~9), while SSRs of palms and soles were evoked if injuries were located under T_(10). However, SSRs of palms and soles could not be evoked by ES of perineal region and BF in all patients. Conclusion SSRs, evoked by BF, could concord with the subjective sensation of the subjects from the LUT, and reflect the integrity of ANP from LUT. There is difference between somatosensory and viscerosensory ANP.