Objective To design a microarray of ~60mer oligonucleotide for detection and sub-typing of human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods The type-specific oligonucleotide probes of 4 different types of HPV (6, 11, 16, 18) were designed by using biological software Arraydesigner 2.0, which analyzed the whole genome sequences of HPV and selected optimal probes with high specificity, identical length and similar melting temperature (Tm). These probes were synthesized and printed onto the surface of glass slides in order to prepare a low-density microarray. HPV samples were labeled with fluorescence dyes Cy3 using a method of restriction display PCR (RD-PCR). HPV plasmid DNA was restricted with Sau3AⅠ to produce multiple fragments which were ligated to adaptors subsequently and used as PCR template. PCR labeling was performed with the fluorescently labeled universal primer (Cy3-UP) whose sequence is designed according to the adaptor of the RD-PCR approaches. The labeled samples were then hybridized with the oligonucleotide microarray. Results Both single and multiple HPV DNA samples could be detected with oligonucleotides microarray, and the corresponding HPV subtypes were recognized as well. And no signals were detected in all the negative and blank control spots. Conclusion 60mer oligonucleotide microarray designed by appropriate bioinformatics software can be applied to HPV detection and genotyping on gene level.

OBJECTIVETo study clinical effects of surgery for the treatment of Mayo II B comminuted fracture in ulna olecranon.

METHODSFrom May 2008 to March 2015, a total of 37 patients with Mayo II B comminuted fracture in ulua olecranon were treated, including 20 males and 17 females, ranging in age from 40 to 65 years old ,with an average of 53 years old. All the patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation within 4 to 7 days after injuries. All the patients had pain and functional disorder uf elbow joint. The X-ray and CT examination showed ulna olecranon comminuted fracture of Mayo II B. Postoperative complications were observed ,and Broberg-Morrey criteria was used tu evaluate therapeutic effects.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up ,and the duraiton ranged from 9 to 30 months ,with a mean of 15 months. Two patients had surface infection around incision ,and were healed by changing dressings. No other complications occurred such as needle slipping to stimulate skin ,screw loosening and wire broken. One patient had slight uneveness of joint surface without obvious functional disorder. According to Broberg-Morrey elbow fracture curative effect criteria, 11 paients got an excellent result, 24 good and 2 fair,and the total score was 87.0 ± 7.3.

CONCLUSIONFor the Mayo II B comminuted fracture in ulna olecranon, preoperative preparation, intraoperative restoring of the articular surface smooth and reasonable internal fixation, and postoperative rehabilitation actively, can obtain satisfactory clinical effects.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olecranon Process ; injuries ; Ulna Fractures ; surgery

ObjectiveTo investigate the application of CT inspection during the recovery period to cerebral infarct patients. Methods53 recurrence cases were taken out from random 100 cases of first reexamination CT films and analyzed while comparing the cases′ recurrence times,contents and the relationship between recurrence times and the original deceases.ResultsThere was no close connection between the rate of cerebral infarct recurrence and recurrence times(P>0.05).But cerebral infarct recurrence mainly appeared within the first year and the recurrence time caused by the presence of hypertension was shorter than the time caused by diabetes(P<0.05).92% cerebral infarct recurrence were cavity cerebral infarct recurrence and 11% were silent brain infarction.Conclusions It is significant for the patients to take CT reexamination within the first recovery year and also important for the no symptom patients.

Objective:To summarize the experiences of the surgical treatment of tumors in the posterior part of the third ventricle and pineal region. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with tumors in this region treated microsurgically from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed. The surgical indications, approaches, and operative key points were discussed. The prognostic factors were also analyzed. Results:Tumors were removed totally in 11 patients, removed subtotally in 7 and removed partially in 5. Biopsy and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was performed in 4 patients. Of 17 patients in follow-up, 13 patients survived longer than 5 years. Conclusions: Most tumors in the posterior part of the third ventricle and pineal region can be surgically removed.Sufficient specimen obtained in the operation can confirm pathologic property of the tumor,guiding next chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor play an important role in promoting healing of osteoporotic fractures, but whether it can affect the bone mineral density is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the correlation between serum vascular endothelial growth factor, bone mineral density and the number of osteoblasts in the ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into ovariectomized group and control group. After 3 months, the bone mineral density of the whole body, femur and lumbar spine was measured. Rat enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor. Then, the rats in two groups received femoral metaphyseal fixation, decalcified, dehydrated, embeding in paraffin, slicing and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Each slice was free to take five fields of view (10×40) in order to count the osteoblasts of femur distal metaphysis under optical microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After ovariectomized for 3 months, the rats body mass was increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the bone mineral density of the whole body, femur and lumbar spine in the ovariectomized group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), indicating the successful establishment of osteoporosis model. There was no significant difference in vascular endothelial growth factor level between the ovariectomized group and the control group (P > 0.05), and the difference of the osteoblast number between ovariectomized group and control group was not significant (P > 0.05). This indicated that there was no correlation between bone mineral density and the number of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial growth factor level in the ovariectomized group and the control group. These findings suggest that the bone mineral density is reduced and the body mass is increased in the ovariectomized rats, and the reduced bone mineral density of ovariectomized rats may be irrelevant with the change of serum vascular endothelial growth factor.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical outcomes of fixation for the treatment of radial head fracture with collapse of anterior articular surface.

METHODSFrom March 2006 to January 2013,17 patients with radial head fractures with collapse of anterior articular surface were analysed. According to the Mason classification, there were 12 cases with Mason type II fractures and 5 cases with Mason type III fractures. All the patients were treated with open reduction through posterolateral entrance of elbow joint and Herbert or titanium cannulated screw internal fixation.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 18 months, with a mean of 11.3 months. According to the Broberg and Morrey score system, 2 patients got an excellent result, 12 good and 3 fair. There were no complications such as infection of elbow joint, nerve injury, non-union, traumatic osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification and elbow instability. However, the postoperative activity range of elbow in the injuried side was less than that in the normal side.

CONCLUSIONRadial head fracture with collapse of anterior articular surface is easily misdiagnosed, and it can be treated with open reduction and internal fixation through posterolateral entrance.

Adult ; Aged ; Elbow Joint ; physiopathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular

OBJECTIVETo observe the impact of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) osteogenesis in vitro and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) expression in bone osteoporotic to prevent and treat the osteoporosis.

METHODSTwenty 6-month-old female SD rats weighted (300±20) g underwent bilateral ovariectomized. At 3 months after operation, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density of rats,the values were compared with preoperative to ensure the model successfully, and the osteoporosis rats' BMSCs were cultured by bone marrow adherent cultured and the BMSCs morphology was observed under a phase contrast microscope upside down. The osteoporosis rats' BMSCs at the 2nd generation (p2) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups and were added complete medium (containing rhBMP-2) and osteogenic induced liquid, respectively. Two weeks later, the formation of cell calcium nodules were detected by Alizarin red staining method,alkaline phosphatase activity was measured by enzyme standard instrument and the expression of VEGF was detected by RT-PCT method.

RESULTS(1)Whole body bone mineral density of rats before and after operation were (0.179±0.007), (0.158±0.006) g/cm2,there was statistically significant (t=4.180,P< 0.05). (2)Alizarin red staining at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) in the experimental group had more strong dyeing effect than the control group obviously. (3)Alkaline phosphatase activity at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) of the experimental group (15.62±1.27) ug/gprot was significantly higher than that of the control group (8.62±0.93) ug/gprot,there was statistically significant (t=7.709, P<0.01). (4)The expression of VEGF at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) of the experimental group 3.723±0.143 was significantly higher than that of the control group 0.950±0.072, there was statistically significant (t=29.462, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONRhBMP-2 can improve the in-vitro osteogenesis ability of ovary osteoporosis rat BMSCs, promote the VEGF expression of osteogenesis factor. Regulating the VEGF expression may be one of the mechanisms of BMP-2 to participate in bone metabolism.

Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo offer evidences for quality control of medicinal plant of Dactylicapnos scandens.

METHODPharmacognostic studies were carried out through field collection, morphological and microscopic characteristics, and TLC.

RESULTObservation and description of the experimentation were made.

CONCLUSIONDactylicapnos scandens can be identified from Genus of Dactylicapnos which has the similar morphological characteristics. The morphological and microscopic characteristics and the results of TLC can be used as evidences for quality control of this medicinal plant.

Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Papaveraceae ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Pharmacognosy ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; Plant Stems ; anatomy & histology ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Objective To study the cytotoxicity against brain microvessel endothelial cells and blood compatibility in rats of OX26 conjugated endomorphin (EM) loaded hyperbranched polyglycerols-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(HBPG-PLGA) nanoparticles.Methods Prepared nanoparticles were divided into group B (HBPG-PLGA nanoparticles),group EP (EM-HBPG-PLGA nanoparticles) and group OEP (OX26-EM-HBPG-PLGA nanoparticles).The cytotoxicity against brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs) of nanoparticles of different groups were measured by MTT test,haemolysis test,normal haemotological parameter and several primary items of coagulation system were tested after nanoparticles of different groups and different dosages injection on rats.Results ①All the three groups of nanoparticles induced decreased cell viability in a dose dependent manner in MTT test,whereas all groups of nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity against the BMECs during 30 to 600 μg/ml.②There was no significant difference in haemolysis ratio (P＞0.05) and normal haemotological parameter (P＞0.05).③There was no significant difference between the low dosage of all the three groups of nanoparticles and the control group on the function of coagulation system in rats (P＞0.05).④Compared with C group,high dose groups demonstrated longer prothrombin time (PT),activeated partial thromboplasting time (APTT) and lower fibrinogen (Fbg) (P＜0.05).At the same time,compared with the low dose subgroups,PT and APTT were prolonged,Fbg significantly decreased in the high dose subgroups (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion OX26 coupled with EM-HBPG-PLGA nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity against BMECs and had no significant effect on the coagulation system in rats with low concentration and low dosage.

Objective To prepare a novel brain active-targeting endomorphin (EM) loaded hyperbranched polyglycerols-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (HBPG-PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and study its mechanism of passing across blood brain barrier (BBB) in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC).Methods The OX26 (transferring receptor monoclonal antibody) conjugated EM loaded HBPG-PLGA NPs was constructed according to water-in-oil-in-water emulation solvent evaporation technique as a novel biodegradable brain active-targeting drug delivery system.The properties of the NPs were evaluated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) in vitro.Through flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscope,the mechanism of passing across BBB was evaluated.Results The preparation methodology of NPs was optimized and established.The mean diameter was (170±20) nm and Zeta potential was about-27 mV.Core-shell construction was showed on TEM.Cellular uptake study showed that the uptake of NPs was via a caveolae-mediated endocytic pathway,then endomorphin and carrier were divided into two parts in BMEC.Conclusions The OX26 conjugated EM loaded NPs were stable,and demonstrate remarkable effects on crossing BBB.Cellular uptake by BMEC is a very important mechanism of the NPs' brain activating-targeting effect.