AIM: To investigate the expression of the nephrin in podocyte of the diabetic nephropathy(DN) rats and the mechanism of irbesartan-induced renal protection.METHODS: The DN model was established by a single injection of streptozotocin(STZ),and DN rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: model group and irbesartan treatment group.In addition,the normal rats served as a normal control group. All the rats were received daily gavage respectively for 8 weeks. The urinary protein quality in 24 hours,body weight(BW),kidney weight (KW),KW/BW,glucemia,urea nitrogen,creatinine,total cholesterol, triacylglycerol were detected with correlative methods and the pathological changes of kidney were also detected with optic microscope and transmission electron microscope.The expression of nephrin in podocyte were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In DN rats, irbesartan reduced the urinary protein quality in 24 hours (P

Objective To investigate prophylaxis and therapy of early complications following relatives' partial live small bowel transplantation.Methods Four relatives' partial live small bowel transplantations were carried out.Among the 4 patients,there were 3 cases of short intestine syn- drome and one case of non-function of small bowel caused by the absence of nerve ganglion of small in- testine.More than 4 antigens of HLA were completely matched between donators and receptors.In- testines of donators were got from terminal ileum with the length of (150?10) cm.After operations, tacrolimus (FK506),mycophenolate mofetil (MMF),and methylprednisolone were used to prevent rejections.Measures such as use of anticoagulation,improving microcirculation and albumin infusion, aimed at regulating the function of blood coagulation and preventing bleeding and formation of thrombus at anastomotic stoma;famotidine and omeprazole were used to prevent irritable ulcer;use of the third generation of cephalosporins antibiotics,ganciclovir and fluconazol could prevent bacteria,vi- rus and eumycete infections;disinfection and care of easily-infected organs were emphasized;receptors were encouraged to get out of their beds to move frequently;glutamine and enteral nutrition were used early to promote recovery of intestinal function.Results Three days after operation,one patient's lung was infected with baumanii,and the infection had been under control after being treated with the third generation cephalosporins antibiotics;five days after operation,haematoma was detected on an- other patient and was cleared through the second operations growth of eumycete was found in 2 pa- tients' excretion and secretion from enteron,and their situations were improved with fluconazol;acute rejections of the 4 patients were detected 20 days after operation and reversed by the increased use of FK506 combined with methylprednisolone.Among the 4 patients,2 of them have survived for a long time,and the first patient has survived for 6 years and 8 months till now and the other one for 3 years and 2 months;furthermore,other 2 patients respectively died of infections 5 months and 35 days after the operations.Conclusion Because of special constitution of intestine,early complications of rela- tives' partial live small intestine transplantation are frequent and complicated.Therefore,prophylaxis and therapy of early complications are crucial to the success of the transplantation.

Objective The levels of Thl cytokines(IL-10 and IL-13)and Th2 cytokines(INF-? and TNF-?)were determined in the sera of patients with Schistosomiasis japonica in order to find the relationship between cytokines and severe hepatic fibrosis(HF)in schistosomiasis.Methods A total of 358 patients with advanced Schistosomiasis japonica were examined by ultrasound.68 HBsAg negative patients were chosen randomly as experimental control.Among them,39 patients were found to have mild HF and 29 were severe HF.The sera levels of Thl and Th2 cytokines were determined with ELISA.Results Among these 358 patients,83(23.2%)were HBsAg positive.Neither earlier nor severer hepatic fibrosis was noted in the patients who had been simultaneously infected with HBV than those only infected with schistosomiasis. There was a significant difference between mild[ 1.60(1.30-12.14)ng/L]and severe[ 4.20(1.43- 52.07)ng/L]HF patients in the level of IL-10(Z=-3.907,P0.05)was found in level of IFN-?,between severe[3.12(1.38-66.14)ng/L]and mild[5.87(1.33-216.33)ng/ L]HF subjects.Our observation did not reveal any obvious difference of TNF-? between severe[ 2.48(0.79 -19.86)ng/L]and mild[ 2.28(0.67-15.72)ng/L]HF groups.Conclusions Patients infected with advanced shistosomiasis may become more susceptible to HBV.The results of the present investigation showed that a high level production of IL-13 was associated with severe HF.

Trypanosoma is a human parasite severely affecting poor tropical areas.However,current frontline drugs for Trypanosoma treatment have severe side-effects with decreased effectiveness.Based on the fact that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is a bonafide drug target for several microorganisms,including bacteria and fungi,it is plausible that it may also be effective target of Trypanosoma.The Trypanosoma brucei leucyl-tRNA synthetase(tbLeuRS)was cloned,expressed and purified to develop an in vitro enzymatic assay system.The assay conditions were further optimized for the effective screening of tbLeuRS inhibitors thus establishing an anti-Trypanosoma drug screening system targeting tbLeuRS.The results indicated that this system can be employed for the effective screening of anti-Trypanosoma drugs with satisfactory specificity.In addition,this system can also be used for compound optimization,as well as IC50 testing.Using this system a series of compounds are identified that are effective Trypanosoma inhibitors without toxicity to human cells.Therefore,targeting tbLeuRS may represent a new venue for the development of anti-Trypanosoma drugs.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; congenital ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fibrosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; congenital ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; congenital ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

In order to investigate the mechanism, the correlation between the odor change in Crataegi Fructus stir-fried process and 5-HMF were studied. Required samples were retrieved from Crataegi Fructus stir-fried process. Statistical quality control (SQC) was used to analyze the response values acquired by the electronic nose. At the same time, the content of 5-HMF was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the above two. Experimental results showed that SQC model established by response values of all samples could show the change law of odor in Crataegi Fructus stir-fried process and changes of 5-HMF content was dropped after the first increase. Correlation analysis showed that the odor change in Crataegi Fructus stir-fried process and 5-HMF were significantly correlated (P < 0.05). Sugar degradation reaction and the Maillard reaction may be one of the mechanisms of the odor change in Crataegi Fructus stir-fried process.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Crataegus ; chemistry ; Furaldehyde ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Hot Temperature ; Odorants ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To evaluate the effects of serum procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antibiotic therapy in elderly patients with early-onset stroke-associated pneumonia (EOP).Methods Totally 179 eligible elderly patients with EOP were randomly devided into 2 groups:standard therapy group (standard group,n=88) and PCT-guided group (PCT group,n=91).Patients in standard group received antibiotics according to antibiotics guidelines in China by the treating physicians.Patients in PCT group were treated with antibiotics for 5 days,then the antibiotic treatment was based on serum PCT levels as follows:discouraged if PCT＜0.25 μg/L and encouraged if PCT≥0.25 μg/L.Length of hospitalization,duration of antibiotics,costs of hospitalization and antibiotics,clinical efficacy,andmortality,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and Barthel index (BI) on the 28th day were observed.Results There were no significant differences in clinical efficacy,mortality,NIHSS score and BI between the two groups on the 28th day [(85.7％ vs.86.3％),(8.8％ vs.7.9％),10.1 (7.8,16.2) vs.9.8 (6.0,15.5),60.1(42.5,82.3) vs.57.9 (39.2,84.8),respectively,all P＞ 0.05].The length of hospitalization,antibiotic duration,costs of hospitalization and antibiotics were lower in PCT group than in standard group [19 (10,38) d vs.26(17,42) d,10 (7,14) dvs.15 (6,21) d,3350 (2052,6163) yuanvs.10355 (6877,15421) yuan,7532 (4810,12116) yuan vs.5358 (3089,8144) yuan,respectively,all P＜0.05].Conclusions PCT guidance of antibiotic therapy is effective and safe for the treatment of early-onset stroke associated pneumonia in elderly patients.It can reduce the antibiotic duration and costs of hospitalization.

SW872 preadipocytes were cultured and induced to differentiate by oleic acid in vitro.The levels of adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) mRNA were measured by semiquantitative RT- PCR.The concentration of adiponectin in the culture medium was assayed by ELISA.The results showed that rhIL- 6 could inhibit adiponectin,AdipoR1 mRNA expressions and adiponectin secretion in SW872 adipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner,but did not influence adipoR2 mRNA expression.

A discussion on the causes and managing methods of the difference between the set tide volume and the actual delivered tide volume during the respiratory care, is given in the paper and to help doctors and nurses to handle respiratory therapy on the basis of related people-machine engineering science principle and experimental analysis.
Equipment Failure Analysis ; Humans ; Lung Volume Measurements ; Respiration, Artificial ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Actins ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Back ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fibrosarcoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Reoperation ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism