1.Neuropsychiatry--an emerging field.
Tih-Shih LEE ; Beng-Yeong NG ; Wei-Ling LEE
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2008;37(7):601-605
Neuropsychiatry is an emerging field at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry, driven by the unprecedented advances in neuroscience. The arbitrary demarcation between neurology and psychiatry, which largely existed only in the last century and a half, has become less tenable. We discuss the definition and scope of this emerging field. We also review the development of clinical neuropsychiatry in Singapore in the context of historical developments and recent changes in the field from other countries. At a more practical level, we discuss a few of the clinical settings in which neuropsychiatry operates, in particular, the stigma associated with psychiatric disorders locally, and the significant number of patients with psychiatric or psychosomatic symptoms presenting to neurology and general practice clinics. The stigma may be ameliorated by better understanding of the neurobiological basis of psychiatry. We see the future of neuropsychiatry in Singapore, as in other developed countries, as one approach to understand and manage complex brain disorders. We advocate training for both psychiatry and neurology residents in their counterpart fields, which will lead to greater understanding of both fields, and enhance collaboration in clinical care and research.
Brain Diseases
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diagnosis
;
history
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physiopathology
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psychology
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History, 19th Century
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History, 20th Century
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Humans
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Neurology
;
history
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Neuropsychology
;
history
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Neurosciences
;
history
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Psychiatry
;
history
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Singapore
2.Current Progress in Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering
Wei Lee LIM ; Ling Ling LIAU ; Min Hwei NG ; Shiplu Roy CHOWDHURY ; Jia Xian LAW
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2019;16(6):549-571
BACKGROUND: Tendon and ligament injuries accounted for 30% of all musculoskeletal consultations with 4 million new incidences worldwide each year and thus imposed a significant burden to the society and the economy. Damaged tendon and ligament can severely affect the normal body movement and might lead to many complications if not treated promptly and adequately. Current conventional treatment through surgical repair and tissue graft are ineffective with a high rate of recurrence.METHODS: In this review, we first discussed the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of tendon and ligament injuries and its current treatment. Secondly, we explored the current role of tendon and ligament tissue engineering, describing its recent advances. After that, we also described stem cell and cell secreted product approaches in tendon and ligament injuries. Lastly, we examined the role of the bioreactor and mechanical loading in in vitro maturation of engineered tendon and ligament.RESULTS: Tissue engineering offers various alternative ways of treatment from biological tissue constructs to stem cell therapy and cell secreted products. Bioreactor with mechanical stimulation is instrumental in preparing mature engineered tendon and ligament substitutes in vitro.CONCLUSIONS: Tissue engineering showed great promise in replacing the damaged tendon and ligament. However, more study is needed to develop ideal engineered tendon and ligament.
Bioreactors
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Exosomes
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In Vitro Techniques
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Incidence
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Ligaments
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Physiology
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Recurrence
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Referral and Consultation
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Stem Cells
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Tendons
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Tissue Engineering
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Transplants
3.Effect of carnosol against proliferative activity of breast cancer cells and its estrogen receptor subtype's mediation and regulation mechanisms.
Pi-Wen ZHAO ; David Yue-Wei LEE ; Zhong-Ze MA ; Yan-Ling SUN ; Shi-Ying TAO ; Jin-Feng ZANG ; Jian-Zhao NIU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2014;39(17):3344-3348
Carnosol has been proved to have anti-breast cancer effect in previous research. But its ER subtype's specific regulation and mediation mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of carnosol on cell proliferation and its estrogen receptor α and β's specific regulation and mediation mechanisms with ER positive breast cancer T47D cell. With estrogen receptor α and β antagonists MPP and PHTPP as tools, the MTT cell proliferation assay was performed to observe the effect of carnosol on T47D cell proliferation. The changes in the T47D cell proliferation cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The effect of carnosol on ERα and ERβ expressions of T47D cells was measured by Western blot. The findings showed that 1 x 10(-5)-1 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1) carnosol could significantly inhibit the T47D cell proliferation, which could be enhanced by MPP or weakened by PHTPP. Meanwhile, 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) or 1 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1) carnosol could significantly increase ERα and ERβ expressions of T47D cells, and remarkably increase ERα/ERβ ratio. The results showed that carnosol showed the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ER positive breast cancer cells through target cell ER, especially ERβ pathway. In the meantime, carnosol could regulate expressions and proportions of target cell ER subtype ERα and ERβ.
Blotting, Western
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Breast Neoplasms
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metabolism
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pathology
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Cell Cycle
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drug effects
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cell Proliferation
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drug effects
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Diterpenes, Abietane
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chemistry
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pharmacology
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Estrogen Receptor Modulators
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pharmacology
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Estrogen Receptor alpha
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antagonists & inhibitors
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metabolism
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Estrogen Receptor beta
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antagonists & inhibitors
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metabolism
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Female
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Flow Cytometry
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Humans
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Molecular Structure
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Pyrazoles
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pharmacology
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Pyrimidines
;
pharmacology
5.Development and feasibility of a mobile-based vestibular rehabilitation therapy application for healthy older adults.
Lee Huan TEE ; Wei Wei SEAH ; Christina Hui Ling CHIA ; Eng Chuan NEOH ; Peter LIM ; Sze Wong LIAW ; Peng Shorn SIEW ; Eu Chin HO
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2022;51(8):514-516
6.Concordance of self-reporting of diabetes compared with medical records: A comparative study using polyclinic data in Singapore.
Khai Wei TAN ; Jeremy Kaiwei LEW ; Poay Sian Sabrina LEE ; Sin Kee ONG ; Hui Li KOH ; Doris Yee Ling YOUNG ; Eng Sing LEE
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2023;52(2):62-70
INTRODUCTION:
Studies of concordance between patients' self-report of diseases and a criterion standard (e.g. chart review) are usually conducted in epidemiological studies to evaluate the agreement of self-reported data for use in public health research. To our knowledge, there are no published studies on concordance for highly prevalent chronic diseases such as diabetes and pre-diabetes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the concordance between patients' self-report and their medical records of diabetes and pre-diabetes diagnoses, and to identify factors associated with diabetes concordance.
METHOD:
A cross-sectional, interviewer-administered survey was conducted on patients with chronic diseases after obtaining written consent to assess their medical notes. Interviewers were blinded to the participants' profiles. Concordance was evaluated using Cohen's kappa (κ). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with diabetes concordance.
RESULTS:
There was substantial agreement between self-reported and medical records of diabetes diagnoses (κ=0.76) and fair agreement for pre-diabetes diagnoses (κ=0.36). The logistic regression model suggested that non-Chinese patients had higher odds of diabetes concordance than Chinese patients (odds ratio [OR]=4.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-14.13, P=0.03). Patients with 3 or more chronic diseases (i.e. multimorbidity) had lower odds of diabetes concordance than patients without multimorbidity (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.09-0.48, P<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Diabetes concordance was substantial, supporting the use of self-report of diabetes by patients with chronic diseases in the primary care setting for future research. Pre-diabetes concordance was fair and may have important clinical implications. Further studies to explore and improve health literacy and patient-physician communication are needed.
Humans
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Prediabetic State
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Singapore/epidemiology*
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Cross-Sectional Studies
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Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology*
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Medical Records
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Self Report
7.Iceberg in Small Pulmonary Embolism.
Ching Wei LEE ; Fa Po CHUNG ; Kang Ling WANG ; Ching Lan WU ; Tse Min LU
Korean Circulation Journal 2013;43(3):212-213
No abstract available.
Pulmonary Embolism
8.A Fatal Case of Naegleria fowleri Meningoencephalitis in Taiwan.
Mei Yu SU ; Ming Shih LEE ; Ling Yuh SHYU ; Wei Chen LIN ; Pei Ching HSIAO ; Chi Ping WANG ; Dar Der JI ; Ke Min CHEN ; Shih Chan LAI
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(2):203-206
After bathing at a hot spring resort, a 75-year-old man presented to the emergency department because of seizure-like attack with loss of conscious. This is the first case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri in Taiwan. PAM was diagnosed based on detection of actively motile trophozoites in cerebrospinal fluid using a wet-mount smear and the Liu's stain. The amoebae were further confirmed by PCR and gene sequencing. In spite of administering amphotericin B treatment, the patient died 25 days later.
Aged
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Amebiasis/*diagnosis/parasitology/*pathology
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Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections/*diagnosis/parasitology/*pathology
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Cerebrospinal Fluid/parasitology
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DNA, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics
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Fatal Outcome
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Humans
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Male
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Microscopy
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Naegleria fowleri/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Taiwan
9.Introduction of Electrochemical Therapy (EChT) and Application of EChT to The Breast Tumor.
Dae Sung YOON ; Yu Mi RA ; Dae gyung KO ; Yun Me KIM ; Keum Won KIM ; Hoi Young LEE ; Yu Ling XIN ; Wei ZHANG ; Zing Hong LI ; Hee Uk KWON
Journal of Breast Cancer 2007;10(2):162-168
PURPOSE: To introduce the history and principle mechanism of electrochemical treatment (EChT) with animal study and report two cases successfully treated breast cancer and hemangioma by EChT. METHODS: In animal study, the breast cancer tumor in nude mouse treated with EChT (100 Coulomb/cm3) were reviewed for histologic changes. In the case studies, we reported method of EChT and clinical results after EChT. Case 1: 74 yr old female with locally advanced breast cancer received 3 times EChT with 1,000 Coulomb/time, 8 Volt. Case 2: 51 yr old female with breast hemagioma received one time EChT with 80 Coulomb, 8 Volt. RESULTS: In animal study, There were destructive change including vaculated cell fragment and extensive coagulative necrosis. Case 1 showed no local recurrence during 18 monthes after EChT. Case 2 also showed no evidence of recurrence of hemangioma. CONCLUSION: The EChT is easy to use. It is effective, safe, less traumatic and makes patients recover quickly. This is a new and effective method to treat patients with tumours that are inoperable and can not receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Animals
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Breast Neoplasms*
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Breast*
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Drug Therapy
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Female
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Hemangioma
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Humans
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Mice
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Mice, Nude
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Necrosis
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Radiotherapy
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Recurrence