Humans ; Adolescent ; DNA/genetics* ; Genotype

Objective To investigate the training effect and application development of the health industry standard of Nursing Grading, and to explore it'sclinical applicability. Methods An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses in 30 three general hospitals of Shandong Province from November 10 to December 10 in 2015. The questionnaire mainly included four parts: basic information, training status, application status and the clinical applicability. All the questionnaires were automatically submitted by the nurse′s cell phone or computer, 3386 valid questionnaires were recovered. Results The status of standard training:93.92%(3180/3386) nurses received a comprehensive training about the standard. The answer rates of 4 theoretical examination questions was 88.95%(3012/3386), 84.49%(2861/3386), 85.17%(2884/3386), 65.71%(2225/3386)respectively. 77.26%of the nurses needed to continue training. Application status: 97.67% (3307/3386) nurses in the hospital has begun to apply Nursing Grading standard, and 97.01% (3208/3307) and 97.76% (3231/3307) of the hospital revised the standard of care systems and work processes; 78.23% (2649/3386) nurses divide the level of care based on both the patient's condition and self-care ability presently. 74.45%(2521/3386) nurses did it as follows,the doctor determine the patient′s condition level, the nurse determine the level of patient′s self-care ability, then the nursing grading was determined according to the both. In the clinical applicability survey, the choice proportion of very agree and agreeofHelping nurses to determine the patient′s level of care and It is beneficial to improve the efficiency of nursing management was 86.30% (2922/3386) and 82.66%(2799/3386);The choice proportion of very agree and agree ofHelp nurses to improve the quality of nursing services, reflecting the value of the nursing work, to meet the needs of patients was 79.36% (2687/3386), 76.56% (2592/3386), 80.98% (2742/3386) respectively. Conclusions The hospital attaches great importance to the standard of Nursing Grading, but the training effect needs to be improved;standard has been widely used in Shandong Province Physician-nurse collaboration has become the decision-making main body of nursing grading;the standard application can not only help the nurses to do decision-making correctly and improve the efficiency. It also can help nurses to improve the quality of nursing service, and enhance patients′satisfaction. So it is very suitable for clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have applied long-bone mechanical separation method to obtain osteoclasts, which are terminal y differentiated cells and cannot further proliferate. Therefore a large number of osteoclasts can be harvested with bone marrow cells inducing culture method and RAW264.7 cells inducing culture method to meet clinical requirements.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the optimal method of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclast precursors to differentiate into mature osteoclasts.
METHODS:After bone marrow cells were isolated from mouse, RANKL and macrophage colony stimulating factor were added into the medium together, or RAW264.7 cells were cultured with RANKL to induce osteoclasts. The osteoclast precursors were treated with different concentrations of RANKL to observe the number of generated osteoclasts and evaluate the dose-effect relationship between RANKL and osteoclastogenesis. Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining were used for flow cytometry to analyze the mononuclear-macrophage apoptosis during osteoclastogenesis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When 10μg/L RANKL was used, the peak of osteoclastogenesis appeared at days 6-7;when the concentration of RANKL was up to 100μg/L, the peak appeared at days 4-5. The number of new osteoclasts was dose-dependent on the RANKL concentration. 50μg/L of RANKL was the turning point in the fitted curve from osteoclastogenesis and RANKL concentration. After the RANKL concentration was more than 150μg/L, the number of osteoclasts slowed down obviously. RANKL can induce monocyte-macrophage to form osteoclasts and promote monocyte-macrophage apoptosis. The highest number of osteoclasts would be obtained to each unit of RANKL when monocyte-macrophage cells were cultured with 30μg/L of RANKL in the same vaccination density (104/cm2). Experimental findings indicate that, RAW264.7 cells or bone marrow cells inducing culture methods are simple and feasible, the optimum cellseeding density was 104/cm2;the appropriate stimulation concentration of RANKL was 30-50μg/L.

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of telmisartan on the levels of serum adiponectin and C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)in elderly hypertensive patients with unstable angina pectoris. MethodsOne hundred and twenty elderly hypertensive patients with unstable angina pectoris were randomized into two groups, telmisartan(n=60) and perindopril(n=60) groups.The levels of hs-CRP,adiponectin, lipid factors, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were measured before and 6 months after telmisartan and perindopril treatments.ResultsAt the end of 6 months, the telmisartan group showed more reduction in plasma levels of hs-CRP and more increment in serum adiponectin concentrations and ISI significantly. The frequency of cardiovascular events was significantly lower in the patients of the telmisartan group than that of the perindopril group.ConclusionsCompared with perindopril, telmisartan significantly decreases plasma levels of hs-CRP and increases serum adiponectin concentrations in elderly hypertensive patients with unstable angina pectoris. It also significantly decreases the frequency of cardiovascular events in these patients.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which remifentanil decreases blood pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methode Twenty-six ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients (NYHA's classification grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ ) of both sexes and aged 20-55 years were randomized to receive remifentanil (group R, n = 13) or normal saline (group C, n = 13). Remifentanil 10 μg/kg or equal volume of normal saline was administered via a venous reservoir when cardiac arrest was induced with cardioplegic solution. The flow rate resistance (SVR) were measured and arterial blood samples were taken for determination of plasma concentrations of histamine,nitric oxide (NO) and 6-keta-prostaglandin F1α(PGF1α) before T0 and at 5, 10, 15 min (T5.10.15) after remifentanil administration.Results Remifentanil administration was associated with a significant decrease in MAP and SVR at T5 and T10 as compared with the baseline values at T0 ( P ＜ 0.05); whereas in control group, MAP and SVR were significantly increased at T5, T10 and T15 as compared with the baseline values at T0 . There were no significant differences in plasma histamine, NO and PGF1α concentrations between the two groups.Conclusion Remifentanil reduces SVR and causes a decrease in BP but without altering plasma concentrations of histamine, NO or PGl2.

Three-orientation medical talent training mainly include humanistic quality cultivation, professional quality and physical and mental quality. With professional ability as the guidance of profes-sional quality education requires students not only to grasp skilled medical technology, but also have the ability to enhance the medical technology. Based on the orientation of training target, this research mainly from habit set, authority set, set the multitude and empirical mind-set four aspects in this paper, the critical thinking, and put forward problems from finding problems, and expounds the innovative thinking of concise problem.

Objective:To construct eukaryotic expression plasmid ecording a novel surface protein Fba of GAS, and to explore its impact on host immune responses.Methods:Fba gene was amplified by PCR using strain SSI-9 (GAS M1 serotype isolates) as the template, then cloned into pcDNA3.1 for constructing eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/fba and sequenced. Female CD1 mice were randomly individed into 6 groups, and immunized respectively with Fba protein, M protein, pcDNA3.1/fba + Fba protein, pcDNA3.1/fba, pcDNA3.1 and PBS as control. Blood was obtained from the mice and specific antibody of IgG was detected by ELISA. Spleen cells were assessed with lymphocyte proliferation assays.CD4+T cell and CD8+T cell were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Assay results were analyzed with SPSS10.0.Results:The IgG against Fba protein kept hightest levels in group immunized with Fba protein. The levels of lymphocyte proliferation, CD4+, CD8+T cell were significantly high in the group pcDNA3.1/fba. Conclusion:(1) Just as M protein, the antibody to Fba protein could be efficiently induced by immunization with Fba protein, which showed that Fba protein was hopefully to be a candidate protein for vaccine against GAS.(2) Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/fba was successfully constructed and this recombinant plasmid could efficiently induce antibody and CD4+ T cell for againsting GAS.

0.05).The model group rats displayed high expression of VEGF.Compared with the model group,the expression of VEGF in Yiqi Huoxue medicine group decreased evidently(P

Objective : To evaluate the immune function of Dendrobium and Ganoderma lucidum oral liquid in female KM mice. Methods : A total of 160 healthy female KM mice were selected and divide into three dose groups and a control group. Dendrobium and Ganoderma lucidum oral liquid was administered to the mice in the three dose groups at 3.33,6.67 and 10.00 mL/kgbw by intragastric lavage for 30 days,while distilled water was given to the mice in the control group in the same way. The thymus and spleen were weighed and the visceral organ coefficients were calculated. The humoral immune function,cellular immune function,monocyte-macrophage phagocytosis function and natural killer（NK）cell activity were detected,then the effects of the oral liquid on immunity enhancement of mice could be proved with any two items above positive. Results : No statistically significant differences were found between the dose groups and the control group in the visceral organ coefficients,serum hemolysis,lymphocyte proliferation ability,macrophage phagocytosis and NK cell activity（P>0.05）. In the middle- and high-dose group,the number of plague-forming cells per 106 spleen cells were 315.5±49.9 and 343.0±43.8,respectively,which were more than that in the control group（249.5±41.3,P<0.05）;the capacity of toe swelling in the middle- and high-dose group were（1.34±0.42）and（1.37±0.49）mm,respectively,which were more than that in the control group [（0.89±0.37）mm,P<0.05]. Conclusion Dendrobium and Ganoderma lucidum oral liquid have the effect of enhancing immunity on female KM mice.

Objective: To establish Kunming mouse models of lung tumor rapidly induced by urethane and butylated hydroxytoluene（BHT）. Methods: Two hundred Kunming mice of SPF grade were randomly assigned to one control group and three experimental groups. The mice in the experimental groups were intraperitoneally injected with urethane at the dosage of 50,100 and 200 mg/kg（low,medium and high dose）,after one week,they were fed with fodder containing 0.75% BHT every day for two weeks;while the mice in the control group were injected with distilled water and were fed with normal fodder without BHT. At the 15th week,the lungs of all the mice were removed,tumors were counted and collected. The remaining lung tissue was cut into blocks of 1-2 mm thick,followed by paraffin section,HE staining,and was observed under light microscope. Results: The incidence rates of lung tumors in Kunming mice of the low-,meidium-,high-dose group and the control group were 14.00%,24.00%,38.00% and 2.00%;the number of tumors were 1,8,22 47;the proportion of malignant tumors were 12.50%,18.18%,27.66% and 0. The incidence rate and the number of tumors in medium- and high-dose group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The incidence rate,the number of tumors and the proportion of malignant tumors increased with the dosage of urethane,which indicated a dose-response relationship（P<0.05）. Conclusion The Kunming mouse models of lung tumor rapidly induced by urethane and BHT were established successfully,with significant dose-response relationship and tumorigenesis.