The HIV-1 capsid protein plays a crucial role in viral infectivity, assembling into a fullerene cone that encloses the viral RNA and it has gained attention as a promising therapeutic target. Research has been focused on the spatial structures of capsid proteins in recent years, and peptides and small molecules targeting capsid have been discovered. In this article, it summarizes the structure information of capsid protein, analyzes and compares the binding information of different peptides and small molecules targeting capsid. At the same time we give the perspective to the future drug discovery based on the protein-protein interaction during the maturation process.
Capsid ; chemistry ; Drug Discovery ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; HIV-1 ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: In recent years, it has been confirmed by a variety of ways that myoblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts under the induction of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2).OBJECTIVE: To explore the mineralization reaction during the osteogenic differentiation of myoblasts under the induction of recombinant rhBMP-2 and the feasibility of osteogenic phenotype expression by in vitro induction. METHODS: Myoblasts were isolated and harvested from neonatal Wistar rats using differential velocity adherent technique and trypsinization method. After in vitro culture, purification and identification, myoblasts at passage 3 were induced by a medium containing rhBMP-2 for 21 days. Myoblasts in the control group were cultured in vitro in complete medium without rhBMP-2 for 21 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After rhBMP-2 induction, myoblast proliferation gradually slowed down. A small quantity of opaque secretory granules were found in the cytoplasm on day 8 after induction; the number of opaque secretory granules increased on day 14 after induction; and a great quantity of opaque secretory granules were found in the cytoplasm on day 21 after induction while the myoblasts without induction fused into contractile myotubes. The alkaline phosphatase activity of the induced myoblasts increased as time extended; myoblasts reacted positively in the alkaline phosphatase staining, immunochemical staining for type Ⅰ collagen and calcium node staining on day 21 after induction. These findings suggest that mineralization reaction is found in rat myoblasts by rhBMP-2 induction and myoblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts under certain inducing conditions in vitro.

This review discusses several strategies that have been employed to enhance the regenerative effectiveness of artificial nerve guidance channels. These strategies include the use of scaffolds, the integration of contact-mediated cues within the tubular construct, and incorporation or delivery of exogenous growth factors into the conduit lumen uniformly or in a gradient form. Animal and clinical studies are reviewed to explain some of the ideas involved in developing a guidance channel of the future.

The HIV-1 capsid protein plays a crucial role in viral infectivity, assembling into a fullerene cone that encloses the viral RNA and it has gained attention as a promising therapeutic target. Research has been focused on the spatial structures of capsid proteins in recent years, and peptides and small molecules targeting capsid have been discovered. In this article, it summarizes the structure information of capsid protein, analyzes and compares the binding information of different peptides and small molecules targeting capsid. At the same time we give the perspective to the future drug discovery based on the protein-protein interaction during the maturation process.

With the development of surgical techniques, the use of nipple-areola complex (NAC)-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has been increasing. Except for oncologic safety, the aesthetic outcome of surgery is greatly concerned by clinicians and patients. So far, there has been no consensus on the incision of NSM. This article reviewed the literature so as to provide some evidence for the selection of NSM incision.

Objective To study the nation-wide cooperation network of bio-genomics for major disease clinical samples and the development of bio-genomics database.Methods The clinical phenotypes and genomics data of disease cohort were investigated,the cooperation network of bio-genomics for major disease clinical samples and the development of bio-genomics database were analyzed,the key technologies for different tasks were studied.Results The key contents and technologies involving the development of bio-genomics database for major disease clinical samples were proposed and how to solve the following problems was pointed out,including the integration of phenotypes and new technologies in the genomics field,multi-granular and multi-modular retrieval,and computing service.Conclusion It is of great importance to establish the standards for data cooperation process and data security management,to research and develop platform for cooperation network and database,to study the service model for the integration of big data in precision medicine based on data cooperation network.

Objective]To study Xin'an physician Wang Xun diarrhea related theory of ideas in Cihangji, in order to more comprehensively understand diarrhea, to broaden the thinking, enhance the clinical curative effect. [Method] From the disease history, etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and treatment,prescription drugs,and women,children with dysentery,make research on Wang's thought about diarrhea treatment. [Result] Wang's clinical diagnosis and treatment,well distinguished cold and heat; Not stick to the ancients,along seasons gas; Wang Xun created the prescription treatment of diarrhea for spring,summer,autumn,creation of winter season; on the pregnancy,postpartum woman and children with pox disease after the treatment of dysentery is summarized,with complete prescription. [Conclusion] Wang Xun Cihangji rich in content and syndrome differentiation of diarrhea, had experience,as today,treatment based on the thought of clinical diarrhea treatment still has important guiding significance.

Agriculture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupational Health ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND:One-lung ventilation is wildly applied in cardiothoracic surgery including general surgery and lung transplantation surgery.There have been much more researches of one-lung ventilation in recent years.OBJECTIVE:To analyze and conclude the research progress of one-lung ventilation with a view to improve the effectiveness of one-lung ventilation and reduce complications during and after one-lung ventilation.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:A computer-based search of Medline was undertaken to identify the articles about one-lung ventilation published from January 1980 to October 2007 with the keywords "one-lung ventilation,hypoxemia,lung transplantation",and the language was limited to English.Chinese articles about one-lung ventilation punished from January 2000 to October 2007 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),with the keywords "one-lung ventilation,hypoxemia,lung transplantation" and the language was limited to Chinese.The materials were selected firstly and full texts were searched.Inclusion criteria:①the basic and clinical study on one-lung ventilation;②the clinical study on anesthesia of lung transplantation.Exclusion criteria:①repetitive study;②reviews.Over 300 articles on one-lung ventilation were collected,in which 28 were accordant with inclusion criteria.LITERATURE EVALUATION:Of the 28 articles,15 were about the study of the management during one-lung ventilation,and 13 were the hypoxemia study of one-lung ventilation.DATA SYNTHESIS:After the selected literatures were analyzed and arranged,the management of one-lung ventilation including the selection of ventilation mode,the settings of tidal volume and respiratory frequency,fraction of inspired oxygen,fluid management was analyzed.Hypoxemia is the biggest challenge during one-lung ventilation.We may improve arterial oxygenation and reduce the occurrence of hypoxemia by various ways.However,the management of one-lung ventilation is still controversial and needs further study.CONCLUSION:With the study on the management of one-lung ventilation and the handling of common matters deepens continuously,the application of one-lung ventilation will be more widespread and more safe.

Objective To study the operative methods and clinical outcome of laparoscopic ileal colpopoiesis with long vascular pedicle.Methods We reviewed 31 cases which had received ileal colpopoiesis,including 25 cases of congenital absence of vagina and 6 cases of male-to-female transsex.All cases were operated on by laparoscopic(8 cases) and laparoscopy assisted(23 cases) ileal colpopoiesis.The postoperative results were analyzed through physical examination and interview regarding the patient′s functional status and satisfaction during sexual intercourse.Results Ileal colpopoiesis were preformed successfully on all 31 cases.Follow-ups of 3-13 months were done for all of them.Patients used vaginal mould for at least 8 months.All artificial vaginas had excellent cosmetic results,including adequate vaginal length,good lubrication,and appearance and physical functions similar to female natural vagina,and sexual function was reportedly satisfactory.One of the patients had an operative complication of an intestinal obstruction,which was cured by a second operation and other treatments.Conclusions The laparoscopic and laparoscopy assisted ileal vaginoplasty is a feasible,safe and ideal method of current vaginoplasty due to its minor damage,excellent cosmetic results and similarity to normal vaginal features.However,vaginal mould should be used for a long period of time(at least 8 months) after an operation,to prevent vaginal orifice shrinkage.