Background Vitreous hemorrhage in long-term produces toxic substances and influent the metabolism of eye tissue.Lens capsule is found more thin and transparent in the eyes with chronic vitreous hemorrhage.To research the effect of vitreous hemorrhage to lens is very important for the choose of the phaco operative timing.Objective The aim of this work was to investigate the ultrastructural change of lens epithelial cells(LECs) in the eyes with experimental vitreous hemorrhage.Methods The autologous blood of 0.1 ml was intravitreally injected in the left eyes of 8 general New Zealand white rabbits,and the equal amount of phosphate buffered saline(pH7.4) was used at the same way in the right eyes.Vitreous and fundus were examined with direct ophthalmoscope on 1,3,5,9,15,20,25,30 days to assess the inflammatory response after intravitreal injection.The specimens of lens anterior capsule were obtained in 30 days after injection and the ultrastructure and apoptosis of LECs were evaluated under the transmission electron microscope. Results No obvious ocular inflammatory response was seen throughout the experimental duration,and there was no vitreous hemorrhage in the right eyes after intravitreal injection.The vitreous hemorrhage agglutinated with clear boundary in the left eyes on 1 day after intravitreal injection,and the hemorrhage turned into dark-red color on the fifth day.On the fifteenth day after injection,the hemorrhage mass became to be grey color and the vitreous liquefaction occurred in the left eyes.The hemorrhage disappeared until 25 days.But in the one month after injection of self-blood,the vitreous showed the deeper red color.The early apoptosis appeared in the LECs of the left eyes in the thirty day,presenting the enlargement and broaden of intercellular space,the decrease of mitochondria number,vacuolar change,expanse of endoplasmic reticulum and disappearance of the nuclear membrane structure. Conclusions Vitreous hemorrhage leads to the ultrastructural pathological changes of lens.

Objective To investigate the expression level and the significances of prognosis by miR-451a in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Guangxi. Methods The expressions of miR-451a in 89 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were detected by real time RT-PCR. The relation among the expression level , the clinicopathologic features of NPC and its prognosis were analyzed. Results The expression of miR-451a were found in all of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The expression level of miR-451a in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was negative correlated to overall survival and disease free survival (P = 0.01,P = 0.04). Conclusions miR-451a may play a key role in detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate electroacupuncture on the efficacy and the safety of gastric and systemic functional recovery in patients with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic surgery.

METHODSSixty patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into a regular anesthesia group (group A) and a combination electroacupuncture anesthesia group (group B), 30 cases in each group. The group A were treated with regular general anesthesia, and on the basis of general anesthesia, the group B were treated with electroacupuncture at bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) and Liangqiu (ST 34) by continuous wave and a frequency of 2 Hz 30 minutes before the surgery until the end of the operation. Sedation scale by Ramsay, nausea, vomiting and mental state scores of postoperative were evaluated and compared between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with the group A, the sedation scale (1.19 +/- 0.56 vs 1.96 +/- 0.90), nausea score (0.59 +/- 0.80 vs 1.81 +/- 0.88), vomiting score (0.48 +/- 0.94 vs 1.89 +/- 0.93) and mental state score (0.96 +/- 0.73 vs 1.69 +/- 0.75) were all decreased significantly in the group B (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCombination electroacupuncture anesthesia can relieve postoperative irritable, nausea and vomiting, improve mental state after the operation and promote the gastric and systemic functional recovery. It is a good method for the adjustment of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery.

Adult ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; surgery ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Postoperative Period ; Recovery of Function ; Young Adult

Background Following the accelerated speed of population aging in China,the incidence of cataract is rising gradually.Researches indicated that senescenee marker protein-30 ( SMP-30 ) is closely associated with the occurring and developing of cataract. Objective This study was to investigate the expression of SMP-30 in human lens epithelial cells(LECs) of age-related cataract and study the relationship between SMP-30 and apoptosis.Methods Capsulotomy was performed on 80 eyes of 59 patients with simple cortex age-related cataract and 70 eyes of 53 age-matched patients with nucleus age-related cataract.The anterior capsular specimens were obtained by circularly capsulorhexis during the operation.Expressions of the SMP-30 protein and mRNA in the LECs of two types of cataract were detected using immunochemistry and real-time PCR respectively.Apoptosis of the LECs was assayed by TUNEL.The differences of expression of SMP-30 and apoptosis were compared between the two types of cataract.Results Immunochemistry showed that SMP-30 was expressed in cytoplasm of LECs.The expression intensity of SMP-30 was higher in the center zone compared with periphery zone.The apoptosis rate of LECs was significantly higher in the center of the anterior capsule than the periphery in both two types of cataract ( nucleus cataract:19.34％±0.11％ vs 8.32 ％ ± 0.57 ％,P =0.025 ; cortex cataract:42.07 ％ ± 0.86 ％ vs 13.55 ％ ± 0.64 ％,P =0.010 ).The expression amount of SMP-30 mRNA was lower at the periphery than the center of lens in both two types of cataract (nucleus cataract:45.21±2.79 vs 76.42±11.21,P=0.042 ;cortex cataract:108.32±4.32 vs 206.34±15.67,P=0.037 ),and that of nucleus cataract was significantly lower than cortex cataract (60.02±9.08 vs 157.33 ± 13.01,P =0.034),and the apoptosis rate of LECs was declined in the nucleus cataract group compared with the cortex cataract group ( 14.05％ ±0.22％ vs 27.70％ ±0.81％,P =0.007 ). Conclusions LECs apoptosis exists in age-related cataract.SMP-30 probably plays an important role in the formation of cataract.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) and its differential diagnosis.

METHODSTen cases of FDCS were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization. The clinical features and follow-up information were analyzed.

RESULTSAmongst the 10 cases of FDCS studied, the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. The mean age of the patients was 42 years. Six of them were located in cervical and peritoneal lymph nodes and four in extranodal sites (including tonsil, pelvic cavity, tail of pancreas and spleen). Histologically, the tumor cells had whorled, storiform or diffuse growth patterns. They were spindle in shape and contained syncytial eosinophilic cytoplasm, with round or oval nuclei, vesicular chromatin, distinct nucleoli and a variable number of mitotic figures. Multinucleated tumor giant cells and intranuclear pseudoinclusions were occasionally seen. There was a sprinkling of small lymphocytes and neutrophils within the tumor as well as in the perivascular region. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were diffusely or focally positive for CD21, CD23, CD35 and D2-40, but negative for LCA, CD20, CD3, CD1a, HMB45 and CK. Some of them showed EMA, CD68 and S-100 reactivity. In-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) showed positive signals in only one case (which was diagnosed as inflammatory pseudotumor-like FDCS). Of the 7 patients with follow-up information available (duration: 2 months to 39 months; mean: 14 months), 2 cases with paraneoplastic pemphigus died of pulmonary infection at 5 and 7 months respectively. The remaining 5 patients were alive and disease-free after surgical excision (+/- chemotherapy and radiotherapy).

CONCLUSIONSFDCS is a rare low to intermediate-grade malignant tumor. Appropriate application of FDC markers, such as CD21, CD35 and D2-40, would be helpful for arriving at a correct diagnosis. Most cases are associated with good prognosis after surgical treatment, with or without chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus carry a less favorable prognosis.

Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; metabolism ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Meningioma ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; complications ; Pemphigus ; complications ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; metabolism ; Receptors, IgE ; metabolism ; Tonsillar Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

The study was aimed to investigate the action of Panax Notoginosides (PNS, extracted from notoginseng herb) on the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins (Daxx, Fas) and transcription factors (NFkB, c-Rel) in the hematopoietic cells and to explore the mechanisms of supporting cells to survive. The colony formation of CFU-GM and CFU-E in human bone marrow was assayed in the presence of various concentrations of PNS. The viability of cells was assayed by trypan blue and the changes of cell morphology were observed with microscope. The Annexin-V positive cells were detected by FCM. Three lineages of human myeloid HL-60, erythroid K562, megakaryoid CHRF-288 and Meg-01 cells were incubated in addition of PNS (10 mg/L) for 14 days. The nuclear or cytoplasm protein of cells was extracted and analyzed by Western blot with monoclonal antibodies against Daxx, Fas or NFkB, c-Rel. The results showed: (1) the proliferation on hematopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-GM and CFU-E) and four cell lines was promoted by PNS; (2) after the four cell lines were promoted by PNS and hungered through wiping off the sera, the viability of the four cell lines was high without significant morphological change and neither the detection of Annexin-V positive cells; (3) the expression of Daxx and Fas protein could be inhibited by PNS. Western Blot showed that Daxx in four cell lines treated by PNS were 33.3-61.5% lower than that in untreated controls. The Fas protein was also descended in three cell lines of K562, CHRF-288 and Meg-01 by 33.3-71.4% respectively, while Fas protein in HL-60 cells was no detectable difference after PNS treatment. (4) The transcription factors NFkB and c-Rel protein could be increased by PNS. The NFkB, c-Rel protein were also enhanced in three cell lines of K562, CHRF-288 and Meg-01 by (2.0-2.7) and (1.5-2.3)-fold respectively, while there were also no detectable difference in HL-60 cells after PNS treatment. It is concluded that PNS inhibites the expression of Daxx and Fas proteins, may decrease the apoptosis of the hematopoietic cells. The level of NFkB and c-Rel proteins can be enhanced by PNS, which not only stimulates the proliferation of cells, but also inhibits the activity of the waterfall of caspase and apoptosis of the hematopoietic cells. PNS may treat the disease with over-apoptosis of hematopoietic cells, as aplastic anemia.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; biosynthesis ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Fas Ligand Protein ; biosynthesis ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; NF-kappa B ; biosynthesis ; Nuclear Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; fas Receptor ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo review the surgical treatment of supracardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).

METHODSTwenty-four patients with supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection underwent surgical correction from July 1995 to June 2004. There were 11 males, 13 females. The patients aged from 40 days to 35 years (mean 4.5 years). Twenty-three patients were under 6 years old. The weight was from 3.8 to 54.0 kg (mean 17.5 kg). Ten patients were through right atrial incision, 8 through double-atrium incision to anastomose the left atria and the common pulmonary veins. Two used large patches separating the portal of the common pulmonary veins and the enlarged atrial septal defects to the left atria. The left atrium and the common pulmonary veins were anastomosed in one case using a large patch separating the portal of the common pulmonary vein and the enlarged atrial septal defect to the left atrium. Three anastomosed the top of the left atria and the common pulmonary veins.

RESULTSOne patient died postoperatively of low cardiac output syndrome. One with cardiac tamponade after operation was cured by reoperation. Six with arrhythia were all cured. One with acute pulmonary edema was cured by reopen of the vertical vein and closed later. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 7 years (mean 2.5 years). One complicated severe supracardiac arrhythia 2 weeks later. One with late pulmonary occlusion was cured by reoperation. There was no long term complication of the others.

CONCLUSIONSThe operative methods of TAPVC depend on the cardiac deformation. Proper surgery timely treatment of the postoperative complications may achieve a satisfactory result. The method of only use patch in the right atrium should select proper repair material. Anastomosing the top of the left atrium and the common pulmonary vein is a good method. It is easy for exposure and operating, meanwhile it has low occurrence of arrhythmias and should be recommended.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pulmonary Veins ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the value of diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)in predicting delayed encephalopathy of the rabbits brain after carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning.Methods Sixty healthy rabbits were put into self-made poisoning cabinet and were poisoned by inhalation of CO.Aeration of CO was stopped when the rabbits became comatous,and the cabinet was kept airpoof for 6 h.The rabbits underwent MRI before poisoning,at 1 h,3 d,5 d,7 d,15 d,30 d,45 d,and 60 d after poisoning respectively. Axial and sagittal T_2WI,axial T_1WI and DWI were performed.In the rabbits that did not show symptoms of delayed encephalopathy,the observation was discontinued on the 60~(th)day.In the rabbit that showed the symptoms,the observation was discontinued on the 30~(th)——45~(th)day.The changing pattern of cortical ADC values before and after CO poisoning was observed and its relationship with delayed encephalopathy was investigated.Results In the group without delayed encephalopathy(15 rabbits),the ADC value at 1 h after poisoning[(7.58?0.36)?10~(-4)mm~2/s]decreased significantly compared with the pre-poisoning value[(8.02?0.35)?10~(-4)mm~2/s](q=0.4441,P0.05).In the group with delayed encephalopathy(15 rabbits),the ADC value at 1 h after poisoning [(7.40?0.32)?10~(-4)mm~2/s]decreased significantly compared with the pre-poisoning value[(8.08? 0.32)?10~(-4)mm~2/s](q=0.6728,P

Objective To investigate the epidemiological status of visceral leishmaniasis in Hamangou coal mine area of Korla City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Methods Based on a hint of possible existence of patients, a retrospective survey was carried out house by house to find cases with suspected signs/symptoms of the disease.Meanwhile, a survey on current status was conducted, including physical examination(liver and spleen palpation) to those less than 15 years-old, leishmanin skin test and rk39 immunochromatographic strip test for part of the residents.Bone marrow smears were examined for the cases with clinical signs/symptoms and positive rk39 strip test.Sandflies were collected using routine methods in and around the area, identified, and dissected to find infection of promastigotes.Results Leishmanin skin test was performed in 185 people with a positive rate of 21.1%(39/185), 39 out of 140 local residents who have lived there for more than 6 years showed positive(27.9%) , while all residents who have lived less than 6 years and children under 5 years old were negative.Of the 81 children under 15 years old with a negative skin test, one showed positive for rk39 strip test, and leishmania body was found in the bone marrow smear of this case, so confirmed as visceral leishmaniasis.12 sandfies were identified as Phlebotomus alexandri, and natural infection with promastigotes was found in one sandly.Conclusion The investigation confirms that visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in the Hamangou coal mine area.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and prognosis of villous adenoma with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract.

METHODSClinical and pathologic findings of 3 cases of villous adenoma with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract were analyzed by gross examination, microscopic investigation and immunohistochemical staining. The related literatures were reviewed.

RESULTSAll of the three cases were middle-aged or elderly patients. Three cases all presented with hematuria and mucusuria. Endoscopic examination identified that case 1 had a polyp with broad attachment in the dome of bladder, case 2 had a solid mass in the ureter, and case 3 had a exophytic fungating tumor in the renal pelvis. Microscopically, case 1 revealed a papillary lesion with finger-like processes lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with abundant goblet cells. The cells demonstrated moderate degree dysplasia. In case 2 and case 3, both villous adenomas and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were observed, the adenoma cells arranged in a cribriform pattern, and the tumor cells showed severe atypia, mitotic activity, and transition with invasive poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in three cases were positive for CK20, CEA,EMA and MUC-1; none of them expressed cdx-2 and PSA; In case 2 and 3, the same immunophenotype of villous adenomas and their associated adenocarcinomas was observed, but the number of the positive cells of p53 and Ki-67 staining were significantly increased in the area of adenocarcinomas than in that of the villous adenomas.

CONCLUSIONSVillous adenoma of the urinary tract is rare. It can occur in the urinary bladder, urachus, renal pelvis, ureter and urethra. These lesions may have malignant potential and frequently coexist with other malignant tumors. So, villous adenoma of the urinary tract should be removed completely and sampled thoroughly to avoid missing a more aggressive component.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenoma, Villous ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratin-20 ; metabolism ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Kidney Pelvis ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery