Objective:To investigate the effects of GnRH agonist on the expressions of FSHR proteins in pituitary and ovaries in ewes,also to analyse the bioinformatics characteristics of ovine pituitary FSHR.Methods: Forty-two prepubertal ewes (Ovis aries) were randomly assigned to six groups (n=7).The ewes in experimental group EG-Ⅰ,EG-Ⅱand EG-Ⅲwere subcutaneously injected with 200μg,300μg and 400 μg alarelin antigens twice (at day 0 and 14),respectively.Ewes in EG-Ⅳand EG-Ⅴwere injected sub-cutaneously with 200μg and 300μg alarelin antigen four times (at day 0,7,14 and 21),respectively.Ewes in the control group (CG) were subcutaneously injected with 2.0 ml solvent twice (at day 0 and 14).Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect gene expression of FSHR in pituitary glands.The expression of FSHR protein in the ovaries was detected using Western blot.Results:The 2-ΔΔCt values of GnRHR,FSHR and LHR mRNAs in the pituitary gland of EG were lower than that in control group (CG).The 2-ΔΔCt values in EG-Ⅳ( P<0.05 ) and EG-Ⅴ( P<0.05 ) were lower than those in EG-Ⅰand EG-Ⅱ.Expressions of FSHR proteins in EG ovaries increased.Levels of FSHR proteins in EG-Ⅳand EG-Ⅴ( P<0.05 ) were higher than CG.The length of sheep FSHR sequence of nucleotides were 1 091 bp,the homology of FSHR sequences was 100% with that reported in NCBI.The theory isoelectric point , half-life,unstable index,fat index,hydrophobic average were respectively 1.2 h,5.05,47.75,0.836 and 30.61.Conclusion:Alarelin active immunization can inhibit the expression of FSHR mRNA in the pituitary gland ,but increase FSHR expression in ovarian of ewes.FSHR is an unstable hydrophobic protein.

Objective To establish the quality standard of common selfheal fruit-spike granules. Mehtods Rosmarinicacid in the granules were identified by TLC. The extractives were tested by the method for determination of water-soluble extractives. The contents of rosmarinicacid were determined by HPLC. Results TLC had obvious characteristics with the spots clear and well-separated. The extraction limit was no less than 10.0%. Rosmarinicacid showed a good linear relationship at 0.062 5~2.008 0 mg/ml (r=0.999 8,n=6) with average recovery of 99.50% (RSD=1.21%,n=9). The content limitation of rosmarinicacid was discussed as 10.0 mg per pack according to the experiment data.Conclusion The method is easy-operated and accurate which has a good specificity for the quality control of common selfheal fruit-spike granules.

Objective To establish HPLC method for determination of (R,S)-epigoitrin in Banlangen granules and discuss the content limitation. Methods The samples were separated on SHIMADZU VP-ODS (150 mm×4. 6 mm, 5 μm) and the mobile phase consisted of methol-0. 02% phosphoric acid solution (7:93) at a flow rate of 1. 0 mL. min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 245 nm and the injection volume (in automatic sampler) was 10 μL. The content limitation was assessed according to the transfer rate and statistical data of the results. Results (R,S)-epigoitrin showed a good linear relationship at concentration of 0. 058 7 – 150. 349 5 μg·mL-1(r = 0. 999 7, n = 7). The average recovery rate was 98. 72% , 98. 40% and 98. 60% , respectively; RSD was 1. 84% , 0. 50% and 1. 82% , respectively. The content limitation of (R,S)-epigoitrin was unreasonable according to the transfer rate and the statistical data of the results. Conclusion The method is easy and simple to operate, accurate and stable in results, and highly specific, thus it is applicable for the quality control of Banlangen granules. The content limitation should be determined on the basis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Banlangen dispensing granules. METHODS:Thin layer chroma-tography(TLC)was used to identify Isatis indigotica,leucine and arginine,the items according to granules preparations and the ex-traction were detected. HPLC was conducted to determine the content of (R,S)-goitrin. The Shimadzu VP-ODS C18 column was used with the mobile phase of methanol-0.05% phosphoric acid (7∶93,V/V) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wave-length was set at 245 nm,and the column temperature was room temperature. The sample size was 10 μl. RESULTS:TLC showed clear spots and good resolution. Particle size,moisture,dissolubility and microbial limit test were all conformed to the specifica-tion. The extraction limit was no less than 25.0%.(R,S)-goitrin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1.565 9-50.109 8μg/ml(r=0.999 9,n=6). The average recovery was 99.25%(RSD=2.08%,n=9);the RSDs of precision,stability and repeatabili-ty tests were no more than 1.12%. The content of(R,S)-goitrin was initially determined as 0.35 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS:The estab-lished quality standard has increased content determination,and the control programs are more comprehensive and reasonable. It can be used for the quality control of Banlangen dispensing granules.

Total 10 450 people received health check-up in our hospital from March 2009 to December 2010.The subjects were classified as high-risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) group ( n =9016) and non-high-risk group (n =1434).The rate of new DM was 3.36％ (303/9016) and the rate of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) was 12.38％ (1117/9016) in high-risk group; while in non-high-risk group there was no new DM cases,and IGR rate was 2.58％ (37/1434).The detection rate of IGR and DM significantly increased with the increasing rate of risk factor and numbers (P ＜ 0.01 ).Logistic regression analysis revealed that the abnormal glucose metabolism was associated with age,male,positive family history,heart rate,hypertension,abnormal lipid metabolism and hyperuricacidemia.The results suggest that subjects with multiple risk factors should be the key population for prevention and screening of type 2 diabetes.

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Isatidis folium dispensing granules. Methods:Indigo and indirubin in the granules were identified by TLC. The extract content was determined by a hot dipping method for the determination of alcohol-solu-ble extract. The content of indirubin was determined by HPLC. Results:The spots in TLC were clear and well-separated. The extrac-tion limit no less than 12. 0% was preliminarily drawn up. Indirubin showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0. 50-8. 04μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9) with the average recovery of 99. 41%(RSD=1. 21%, n=9). The content limit no less than 50. 0 μg per pack was preliminarily drawn up for indirubin. Conclusion: The method is easy-operated and accurate with good specificity for the quality control of Isatidis folium dispensing granules.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Kanglaite injection(KLT) on the proliferation and telomerase activity of mesangial cells in rats.

METHODMTT, telomere repeat amplification protocal (TRAP), ELISA, PAGE and silver-stain were applied to detect the growth rate and telomerase activity of MC after stimulation of KLT and IL-1.

RESULTThe growth rate of MC was enhanced by IL-1 stimulation, which was accompanied with a redection of the activity of telomerase. Adversely, the growth rate of MC was reduced by KLT, which was accompanied with an enhancement of activity of telomerase. Moreover, the growth rate of MC and the activity of telomerase were both inhibited by the combinative use of IL-1 and KLT without any influence from the sequence of their administration.

CONCLUSIONKLT could inhibit proliferation and telomerase activity of MC with or without pre-stimulation with IL-1. KLT might be useful to prevent and treat glomerular nephritis related to MC proliferation.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Coix ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glomerular Mesangium ; cytology ; enzymology ; Injections ; Plant Oils ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Telomerase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical value and application range of defecography, CT and MRI in diagnosis of puborectalis syndrome (PRS).

METHODSThe clinical data of 83 PRS patients, including defecography, CT and MRI scanning in pelvic floor resting and defecation at maximum exertion, measurement of anorectal angle (ARA), length and depth of ARA impression and the thickness of the puborectalis muscle, were collected, and compared with those of 56 normal persons.

RESULTSFor normal persons, ARA at maximum exertion was more significantly increased than that at resting. In 62 cases with PRS, ARA at maximum exertion was more obviously reduced than that at resting and associated with puborectalis muscle (PRM) impression. In the other 21 cases, ARA showed no changes at either maximum exertion or resting, a little or no excretion of barium appeared and "shelving syndrome" was showed. The cross-sectional images of CT and MRI showed that the puborectalis of PRS patients were thicker than that of normal persons (P<0.01). PRS patients also showed clear pelvic floor muscle, fasciae and peripheral crevice.

CONCLUSIONSDefecography, manifested the abnormal function of the puborectalis muscles, is a reliable method for diagnosis of PRS. In the meantime, CT and MRI are able to clearly display the position, growth status and size of the puborectalis muscles as well as its relation with adjacent structures, which provide further understandings on anatomical changes, abnormal adjacent structure and other functional diseases of pelvic floor in PRS patients. Therefore, an appropriate combination of the 3 methods play an important role in the early diagnosis of PRS and guidance for surgical treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Constipation ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Fecal Incontinence ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Muscular Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Perineum ; Radiography ; Rectal Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Syndrome ; Young Adult

Objective To understand the status quo of stressors and mental health of undergradu-ates of local medical colleges in internship and provide relevant countermeasures so as to provide scientific reference for psychological health counseling for them. Methods The stress source scale and mental health symptom self-rating scale for medical students in internship (SCL-90) coded by Chang Lirong et al was adopted to investigate. The questionnaire survey was conducted on the stress and mental health status of 390 interns in Binzhou Medical College, and 384 valid questionnaires were collected, with the effective rate of recovery as 98.46%. The questionnaire results were analyzed by sample t test, variance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Results A total of 24.1% of students in local medical schools were under moderate pressure (1.17±0.63). The highest pressure source was examination and employment (1.58±0.74), and the other followed were knowledge and skills (1.43 ±0.68), interpersonal relationships (1.11 ±0.54), patients (1.06±0.53), medical conditions (1.00±0.53) and work load (0.95±0.52) respectively. The scores of various stressors were significantly and positively correlated with most of the mental health factors. Conclusion The undergraduates of local medical colleges and universities are generally under stress in internship, which would affect their mental health. It is suggested that the interns should be guided from the aspects of employment, study and psychology so as to help them relieve their stress and develop good psychological qualities.

Objective: To improve the quality standard for Qiangli Pipa distillate formula. Methods: The chemical reactions for i-dentification in the old standard were deleted. TLC methods were established to identify Papaveris pericarpium, Eriobotryae folium and Platycodonis radix. The contents of morphine and codeine phosphate from Papaveris pericarpium were determined by HPLC. The chro-matographic conditions for morphine content determination were as follows: an Inertsil ODS-3 chromatographic column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μ m ) was used, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-the mixture of 0. 01 mol·L-1sodium heptane sulfonate and 0. 02 mol ·L-1potassium dihydrogen phosphate with equal amount (10% phosphoric acid was used to adjust pH to 2. 8) ( 13: 87 ), the detec-tion wavelength was 220 nm ,the column temperature was 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1. The chromatographic condi-tions for codeine phosphate content determination were as follows : an Inertsil ODS-3 chromatographic column (250 mm×4. 6 mm, 5 μ m ) was used, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-the mixture of 0. 01 mol·L-1sodium heptane sulfonate and 0. 02 mol·L-1s potas-sium dihydrogen phosphate with equal amount (10% phosphoric acid was used to adjust pH to 2. 8) ( 15: 85 ), the detection wave-length was 220 nm, the column temperature was 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1. Results: TLC had obvious characteris-tics with clear and well-separated spots. Morphine showed a good linear relationship within the range of 3. 14-62. 8 μg·ml-1( r=1. 000 0) with the average recovery of 96. 69% (RSD=2. 41% , n=9). Codeine phosphate showed a good linear relationship within the range of 3. 52-87. 94 μg·ml-1(r=1. 000 0) with the average recovery of 95. 68% (RSD=2. 64% , n=9). Conclusion: The quality standard for Qiangli Pipa distillate formula is improved. The methods are easy-operated and accurate with good specificity, which are suitable for the quality control of Qiangli Pipa distillate formula.