ObjectiveTo study streptococcus pneumonia capsular polysaccharide antibodies of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in acute exacerbation and the feasibility of vaccination for patients with COPD.MethodsThe COPD in acute exacerbation without respiratory failure (RF)(COPD without RF group),COPD in acute exacerbation with RF (COPD with RF group),asthma (asthma group),healthy elderly examination(elderly examination group) and healthy youth examination (youth examination group) were selected,and each group had 15 cases.The levels of streptococcus pneumonia capsular polysaccharide antibodies IgG,IgM and IgA were measured in all groups.Results There was no significant difference in IgG among the five groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).The levels of IgM in COPD without RF group and elderly examination group were significantly lower than those in COPD with RF group,asthma group and youth examination group (0.554 ± 0.309 and 0.538 ± 0.327 vs.0.810 ± 0.387,0.887 ± 0.278 and 0.852 ± 0.305,P ＜ 0.05 ).Although the level of IgA in COPD without RF group was significantly lower than that in youth examination group(0.532 ±0.297 vs.0.930 ±0.502,P ＜0.05),there was no significant difference among the five groups.Conclusion Patients with COPD should inoculate pneumococcal vaccination.

Objective To explore the linearic regularity of airways′ spasm and spasmolysis in asthmatic patients,and provide theory bases for clinic treatment.Methods After regular bronchodilation test,the pulmonary function in(16 asthmatic) patients and 14 volunteers were examined 15 min,30 min, 1 h,2 h and 4 h later,respectively.The indexes included forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory flow in one second(FEV_1),peak expiratory flow(PEF),maximal midexpiratory flow(MMEF),expiration of 50% FVC(V_(50)) and expiration of 75% FVC(V_(25)).Results 2 h after bronchodilation test,the big airways dilated completely(P

AlM:To investigate the effect of peripheral vision control technology for delaying the development of juvenile myopia.METHODS:A total of ninty-nine cases of 12 ~18 year-old myopic patients were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was peripheral vision control technology group whose members wore the special lenses which can help correct the hypermetropic defocus of peripheral retina. The other was control group whose members wore ordinary monofocal lenses. All the subjects needed to accept re-examination every 3mo and be recorded the data of dioptre, corneal curvature and axial length.RESULTS: After 18mo, the dioptre and axial length of two groups had increased in varying degree. But the data's different quantity of the corneal curvature in each group had no statistical significance ( P > 0. 05 ). Themyopia deepen quantity in experimental group was-0. 65±0. 65D and its axial growth was 0. 23±0. 22mm, and the myopia deepen quantity in control group was -1. 17 ± 0. 50D and its axial growth was 0. 41 ± 0. 17mm. Under the circumstance of valid data, the increment of myopia and axial length in experimental group was lower than that in control group (P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON: Peripheral vision control technology can delay the development of juvenile myopia effectively.

Immunoglobulins ( Ig ) , also called antibodies, are important components in humoral -mediated immunity. Ig can bind with their receptors, called immunoglobulin receptors ( IgR ) , trigger biologic activities respectively. Different sub-types of Igs show different function. And IgRs have been treated as therapeutic targets in inflammation and immunity related dis-eases for many years. This article reviewed the recent progresses in the study of IgR function and its therapeutic role in inflamma-tion and immunity related diseases.

Objective To investigate the changes in serum levels of nitric oxide ( NO) and endothelin ( ET) in type 2 diabetes patients with vascular complications, and to analyze the relationship between these levels and risk factors.Method We selected 98 cases of type 2 diabetes patients.Based on the grouping criteria, the patients were divided into diabetic patients with vascular complications ( group A,49 cases) and those without ( group B,49 cases) .In addition, 44 age-and body mass index-matched healthy cases were selected for control(group C).Height, weight, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c), blood lipids, and serum levels of NO and ET-1 of all the patients were recorded.Results The NO levels of the two groups with diabetes mellitus were significantly lower than in group C[(43.87 ±12.05)and (53.29 ±11.75)μmol/L versus (66.08 ±16.48)μmol/L, P<0.01], while the ET-1 levels of the two groups with diabetes mellitus were significantly higher [(100.25 ±20.34) and (77.55 ±14.84) versus (53.62 ±8.40)ng/L, P<0.01] than those of the group C.The NO levels of group A were significantly lower than in group B [(43.87 ±12.05) versus (53.29 ±11.75)μmol/L, P<0.01].Moreover, the ET-1 levels of the group A were significantly higher than in group B [(100.25 ±20.34) versus (77.55 ±14.84)ng/L, P<0.01].Between the two diabetic groups, group A showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), HbA1c, and course than group B (P<0.01).Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between SBP, DBP, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and NO a positive correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and NO, a negative correlation between HDL-C and ET-1, and a positive correlation between SBP,LDL-C, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and ET-1.Conclusion The serum levels of NO and ET-1 in diabetic patients are evidently abnormal.Vascular endothelium injury will become more serious in patients with complications.Therefore, the serum levels of NO and ET-1 in diabetic patients are correlated with control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels.

AIM:To investigate how to design personalized cataract surgery programs to achieve surgical correction of preoperative corneal astigmatism with surgical astigmatism under the guidance of corneal topography, improve postoperative visual quality and reduce the cost of treatment.
METHODS: Totally 202 cases ( 226 eyes ) cataract patients were divided into randomized treatment group and individualized treatment group. According to the method and location of the incision, randomized treatment group were divided into 8 groups. Surgical astigmatism after different incision were calculated with the use of preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism through vector analysis method. Individualized treatment groups were designed personably for surgical method with reference of every surgically induced astigmatism, the surgical method chooses the type of surgical incision based on close link between preoperative corneal astigmatism and surgically induced astigmatism, and the incision was located in the steep meridian. The postoperative corneal astigmatism of individualized treatment group was observed.
RESULTS: Postoperative corneal astigmatism of individualized treatment group were lower than that of 3.0mm clear corneal tunnel incision in the randomized treatment group, there were statistically significance difference, while with 3. 0mm sclera tunnel incision group there were no statistically significance difference. After 55. 8% of patients with the use of individualized surgical plan could undergo the operation of extracapsular cataract extraction with relatively low cost and rigid intraocular lens implantation, the per capita cost of treatment could be reduced.
CONCLUSION: Personalized cataract surgery programs are designed to achieve surgical correction of preoperative corneal astigmatism under the use of corneal topography, improve postoperative visual quality and reduce the cost of treatment.

Objective To explore whether combined olmesartan angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 1 blocker(ARB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) temocapril have synergistic effect on reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Methods Fourty-four SHRsps and 11 Wistar-Kyoto rats(WKY) were divided randomly into 5 groups:WKY-control group, SHRsp-control group, SHRsp-olmesartan 10 mg/(kg?d)group, SHRsp-temocapril 10 mg/(kg?d)group, and SHRsp-Olmesartan 3 mg/(kg?d)+temocapril 3 mg/(kg?d) group for 6 weeks. Hearts weight were measured and histologically studied. The mRNA expression of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 1(AT1R) and integrin ?1 in myocardium was detected by RT-PCR. Results Olmesartan, temocapril and the their combination significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in a similar magnitude. Combination therapy was shown not greater effect in reversal of LVH than by olmesartan alone, although the effect by both of them was greater than temocapril monotherapy. The mRNA levels of AT1R and integrin ?1 in SHRsp were significantly decreased by treatment with olmesartan, temocapril, or combination therapy. Olmesartan and combination therapy result in greater decreases in expression of AT1R and integrin ?1 mRNA in myocardium than that by temocapril. Conclusion Compared with olmesartan alone, the combination of ARS and ACEI didn't show synergistic effect on reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy as were down-regulation of AT1R and suppression of integrin ?1 mRNA in myocardium.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of anti-tumor essential medicine in the clinic. METHODS:The application of anti-tumor essential medicine in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically in re-spects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A. RESULTS:The total consumption sum of anti-tumor essential medicine in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 increased from 10 083.65 ten thousand yuan to 15 186.65 ten thousand yuan,with annual increase rate of 22.72%. 3-year total consumption sum was 37 952.45 ten thousand yuan,and the sum of consumption sum of top 10 medicines was 36 742.24 ten thousand yuan,accounting for 96.81%;top 3 medicines were paclitaxel,oxaliplatin and flu-orouracil. During 2012-2014,DDDs had changed to certain extent,and the front medicines contained tegafur,paclitaxel and cyclo-phosphamide,etc;the most increment medicine was paclitaxel (oral),whose annual growth rate was 59.63%;that of tamoxifen decreased year by year,with annual decrease rate of 5.14%. DDC of paclitaxel,oxaliplatin and etoposide were the higher others. Annual B/A of oxaliplatin,fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside were all lower than 1.00. CONCLUSIONS:The lonsumption sum and DDDs of anti-tumor essential medicine had increased reasonably in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,while their DDC had kept stable. Main medicines used in the clinic are suitable for numerous indications,and are expensive.

Objective To establish a chromogenic assay for blood-plasma collagenase Ⅳ in order to evaluation the reference range of collagenase Ⅳ in the plasma of healthy individuals.Methods The assay was based on measurement of terminal amino group with succinylated gelatin as substrates and TNBS as chromogenic reagent.The optical density of each reaction was determined at 405 nm using a Sunrise microplate reader.Chromatographic and detection conditions were optimized and performance of the methed was evaluated by recovery experiments and precision experiments.It was compared with ELISA.The levels of collagenase Ⅳ in 112 health persons'plasma were determined and the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software.Results The whole determing time was within 1.5 h,the linear range of this method was 1.5-10.0 mg/L,and the minimum detection limit was 0.965 mg/L.They were well correlated with ELISA results (R~2=0.999 7,P＜0.01).The within-run CV was less than 3.16%and between-run CV was less than 9.81%.The 95%confidence interval of collagenase Ⅳ in healthy plasma was 33.38-49.80 mg/L.Conclusion This chromogenic assay for blood-plasma collagenase Ⅳ can be used for measurement of collagenase Ⅳ in blood-plasma and the reference range of collagenase Ⅳ in healthy plasma was established.

The aim of this paper is to report the synthesis of the mPEG-PCL-g-PEI copolymers as small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery vector, and exploration of the siRNA delivery potential of mPEG-PCL-g-PEI in vitro. The diblock copolymers mPEG-PCL-OH was prepared through the ring-opening polymerization. Then, the hydroxyl terminal (-OH) of mPEG-PCL-OH was chemically converted into the carboxy (-COOH) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in turn to prepare mPEG-PCL-NHS. The branched PEI was reacted with mPEG-PCL-NHS to synthesize the ternary copolymers mPEG-PCL-g-PEI. The structure of mPEG-PCL-g-PEI copolymers was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The mPEG-PCL-g-PEI/siRNA nanoparticles were prepared by complex coacervation, and the nanoparticles size and zeta potential were determined, separately. The cytotoxicities of mPEG-PCL-g-PEI/siRNA nanoparticles and PEI/siRNA nanoparticles were compared through cells MTT assays in vitro. The inhibition efficiencies of firefly luciferase gene expression by mPEG-PCL-g-PEI/ siRNA nanoparticle at various N/P ratios were investigated through cell transfection in vitro. The experimental results suggested that the ternary (mPEG5k-PCL(1.2k))1.4-g-PEI(10k) copolymers were successfully synthesized. (mPEG(5k)-PCL(1.2k))1.4-g-PEI(10k) could condense siRNA into nanoparticles (50-200 nm) with positive zeta potential. MTT assay results showed that the cytotoxicity of (mPEG(5k)-PCL(1.2k))1.4-g-PEI(10k)/siRNA nanoparticles was significantly lower than that of PEI(10k)/siRNA nanoparticles (P < 0.05). The expression of firefly luciferase gene could be significantly down-regulated at a range of N/P ratio from 50 to 150 (P < 0.01), and maximally inhibited at the N/P ratio of 125. The mPEG-PCL-g-PEI polymers could delivery siRNA into cells to inhibit the expression of target gene with very low cytotoxicity, which suggested that mPEG-PCL-g-PEI could serve as a new type of siRNA delivery vector.