Epigenetics refers to steady phenotypic changes in gene expression without modifications in the genetic nucleotide sequence.Disorder of epigenetic mechanisms plays an important role in the occurrence and development of human malignant tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma.A large number of gene targets and pathways related to epigenetics were discovered.For instance,DNA methylation,histone modification and RNA regulator gene silencing were associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.Exploring the abnormal epigenetics is of great significance for prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To study the role and mechanism of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase gamma (P13Kγ) in mediating acinar cell necrosis in rat models with acute pancreatitis.Methods Twelve male C57BL/6 wild-type and twelve male P13Ky knockout mice were randomly divided into saline group and pancreatitis group.The pancreatitis group received an intraperitoneal injection of cerulean (50 μg/kg) to induce acute panreatitis.Pathologic changes in the two groups were observed by measuring the trypsin,cathepsin B,and cathepsin L activity.The protein expressions of cathepsin B and cathepsin L were detected by the Western blot assay.Results Compared with the wild-type mice,the P13Kγγknockout mice had fewer acinar cell necrosis [(2.25± 0.54)/HP vs (5.14±0.85)/HP] and vacuoles [(1.24±0.21)/HP vs (2.36± 0.34)/HP]according to histology.The cathepsin B activity [(1232± 21)pmolAMC/min/mg vs (1891 ±35)pmolAMC/min/mg] and trypsin activity [(0.358± 0.098)pmol/mg vs (0.827± 0.126)pmol/mg] were significantly decreased in the pancreatitis group (P＜0.05) compared to the saline group.However,the cathepsin L activity [ (415 ±11 ) pmolAMC/ min/mg vs (346 ± 6)pmolAMC/min/mg] was significantly higher in P13Kγγ knockout mice than in wild-type mice(P＜0.01).Conclusions P13Kγmay promote cell necrosis in acute pancreatitis by possibly changing the balance between eathepsin B and cathepsin L levels to promote the activation of trypsinogen.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-C2-gamma (PI3Kγ)on pancreas acinar cells autophagy in experimental acute pancreatitis in mice and explore its significance.MethodsEighteen C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and eighteen PI3Kγ knockout (KO) mice were randomly divided into control group (n =6) and acute panereatitis (AP) group (n =12),respectively.AP models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 μg cerulein/kg body weight,once the other hour for seven times.The mice were sacrificed 7 hours after model induction.The pathological changes of the pancreas were observed through microscope,LC3 dots were determined by immunofluorescence,the trypsin activity was measured by fluorescence spectrophotometer,and the expression of autophagy related protein beclin1,p62 and LC3- Ⅱ were measured by Western blot.ResultsThe autophagy vacuoles counts in pancreatic tissue of WT mice and KO mice were (5.14 ±0.85),(2.25 ±0.54)/HPF,the LC3 immunofluorescence dots counts were (78.6 ±9.38),( 26.4 ± 4.21 )/HPF,the trypsin activities were ( 0.827 ± 0.126 ),( 0.358 ± 0.098 ) pmol/mg protein,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The p62 protein expression was greatly decreased in WT mice compared with their KO counterpart (0.11 vs 0.92,P ＜ 0.05 ),while the expressions of LC3 Ⅱ,beclin1 were greatly increased in WT mice compared with their KO counterpart ( 1.82 vs 0.93,1.43 vs 1.05,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions PI 3 Kγmay up- regulate autophagy of pancreatic acinar cells during acute pancreatitis in mice,then promote trypsinogen activation and necrosis of acinar cells.

Background Tumstatin is the most active endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor,which has a marked inhibitory effect on pathological neovascularization,and Tum5 is an angiogenesis inhibitors fragment of fulllength tumstatin.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of recombinant Tum5 gene on the proliferation,migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in physiological status.Methods The empty adenoviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein (rAd-GFP) and the viral vector expressing recombinant Tum5 gene were constructed.The HUVECs cultured in RPMI1640 medium were divided into normal control group,empty vector group (rAd-GFP group) and Tum5 gene infection group (rAd-GFP-Tum5 group).The rAd-GFP and rAd-GFP-Tum5 adenoviral particles at the density of 1 × 1010/ml were added into the medium to infect the cells for 48 hours.The proliferation of the cells was assayed at 24,48 and 72 hours by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) to evaluate the proliferative rate;the migration number of the cells was detected at 48 hours after infection by Transwell chamber;the tube formation number of the cells were detected by Matrigel method.The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cell supernatants was assayed by ELISA at 24,48,and 72 hours following adenoviral infection.Results The cultured cells showed green fluorescence in the rAd-GFP group and rAd-GFP-Tum5 group under the inverted fluorescence microscope,and the infection efficiency of rAd-GFP and rAd-GFP-Tum5 was 55.13％ and 50.31％,respectively.No significant difference was found in cell proliferative rate among normal control group,rAd-GFP group and rAd-GFP-Tum5 group both at 24 and 48 hours after infection (both at P＞0.05),and the cell proliferative rate was significantly lower in the rAd-GFP-Tum5 group than that in the normal control group and rAd-GFP group at 72 hours after infection (both at P＜0.01).The migration number of the cells at 48 hours after infection was 2 260.25-±930.44,2 370.00±441.06 and 723.75± 363.80 in the normal control group,rAd-GFP group and rAd-GFP-Tum5 group,showing a significant difference among the groups (F =8.524,P =0.008),and the migrated cells were evidently decreased in the rAd-GFP-Tum5 group compared with the rAd-GFP group and the normal control group (both at P＜ 0.01).The tube number at 48 hours after infection was 95.67±5.86,88.00±4.58 and 20.67±3.51 in the normal control group,rAd-GFP group and rAdGFP-Tum5 group,showing a significant difference among the groups (F=226.498,P＜0.01),and the tube number in the rAd-GFP-Tum5 group was significantly reduced in comparison with the normal control group and rAd-GFP group (both at P＜ 0.01).The considerably differences in VEGF concentration in the cell supernatants were found in different groups and various time points (Fgroup =73.260,P＜0.01;Ftime =73.477,P＜0.01),and VEGF concentration in the cell supernatants was significantly decreased in the rAd-GFP-Tum5 group compared with the rAd-GFP group at both 48 hours and 72 hours (both at P＜0.01).Conclusions The overexpression of the recombinant Tum5 can inhibit the proliferation,migration and tube formation of the HUVECs in physiological status,which may be associated with Tum-5-mediated down-regulation of VEGF protein in the cell supernatant.

Objective To explore whether combined olmesartan angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 1 blocker(ARB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) temocapril have synergistic effect on reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Methods Fourty-four SHRsps and 11 Wistar-Kyoto rats(WKY) were divided randomly into 5 groups:WKY-control group, SHRsp-control group, SHRsp-olmesartan 10 mg/(kg?d)group, SHRsp-temocapril 10 mg/(kg?d)group, and SHRsp-Olmesartan 3 mg/(kg?d)+temocapril 3 mg/(kg?d) group for 6 weeks. Hearts weight were measured and histologically studied. The mRNA expression of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 1(AT1R) and integrin ?1 in myocardium was detected by RT-PCR. Results Olmesartan, temocapril and the their combination significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in a similar magnitude. Combination therapy was shown not greater effect in reversal of LVH than by olmesartan alone, although the effect by both of them was greater than temocapril monotherapy. The mRNA levels of AT1R and integrin ?1 in SHRsp were significantly decreased by treatment with olmesartan, temocapril, or combination therapy. Olmesartan and combination therapy result in greater decreases in expression of AT1R and integrin ?1 mRNA in myocardium than that by temocapril. Conclusion Compared with olmesartan alone, the combination of ARS and ACEI didn't show synergistic effect on reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy as were down-regulation of AT1R and suppression of integrin ?1 mRNA in myocardium.

Objective To investigate the intakes of dietary nutrients and the growth and development status among children with autism,to propose scientific basis for developing further interventions.Methods Dietary intakes of nutrients were obtained with the method of 24-hour dietary review for 3 days.Meanwhile,the height and weight were detected among the subjects;Z-score was also adopted to evaluate nutritional status.Results 1.About 31.5% of the 111 cases with autism were overweight or obesity and 8.1% of the children were acute or chronic malnutrition.2.The intakes of 11 nutrients were insufficient,especially VA,VC,VB6,folate,calcium and zinc,had a serious shortage that less than 60% of the recommended intakes.3.The crowd was widespread lack of nutrients,39.6% of the cases with nutritional deficiency in varying degrees,the incidences of calcium and zinc deficiency were reach up to 88%.Conclusions The nutritional deficiency and overnutrition were simultaneous among the children with autism,their dietary nutritional supplement were generally inadequate.More sufficient measures and rational diet are necessary to improve the nutritional status for the autistic children.

Objective Acute respiratory dysfunction (ARD) can occur after aortic surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulation arrest, but relatively little is known about acute respiratory dysfunction in the patients with type A aortic dissection. This study aims to analyze the independent risk factors of acute respiratory dysfunction after A type aortic dissection surgery and to assess possible prevention and treatment option in the future. Methods Clinical data of the 252 patients including 193 male patients and 59 female patients who underwent type A aortic dissection surgery from February 2009 to October 2010 were collected. The mean age was 47 years. Postoperative acute respiratory dysfunction was defined as oxygenation impairment (PaO2/FiO2 ＜ 150) that occurred within 72 h of surgery except pleural effusion, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism and haemato-/ pneumothorax. There were 187 acute A type aortic dissection patients and 65 chronic type A aortic dissection patients. Clinical characteristics including age, gender, weight, height, history of hypertension, history of smoking, preoperative complications such as preoperative shock and acute renal failure, pericardial effusion, previous cardiac surgery, time from event to surgery, malperfusion syndrome, cardiopulmonary time, cross-clamp time,deep hypothermia circulation arrest time, surgical procedure, duration of intensive care unit stay and postoperative complications including tracheotomy, dialysis dependent renal failure and hospital mortality were gathered. Arterial blood analysis, chest X ray, ventilator parameters, number of blood transfusion and flood balance were assayed after operation. All the factors were evaluated by means of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify relative risk factors of ARD. Results Acute respiratory dysfunction occurred in 32 (12.7% ) patients. The in-hospital mortality was significant difference between acute respiratory dysfunction group and non- acute respiratory dysfunction group (P ＜ 0.05). The value of BMI, incidence of acute aortic dissection, preoperative SBP level, cardio-pulmonary bypass time, aortic clamp time and total arch replacement in acute respiratory dysfunction group were significantly higher than the values in non- acute respiratory dysfunction group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed blood transfusion more than 10 units and cardio-pulmonary bypass time more than 160 minutes were independent risk factors of early stage acute respiratory dysfunction after type A aortic dissection surgery.Conclusion Acute respiratory dysfunction after type A aortic dissection was a severe early stage postoperative complication and was associated with in-hospital mortality. The patients in acute aortic dissection were prone to have acute respiratory dysfunction. The independent risk factors of acute respiratory dysfunction included blood transfusion more than 10 units and cardio-pulmonary bypass time more than 160 minutes.

Objectives To report the clinical features and treatment in a case with paroxysmal diagonistic ideomotor apraxia after ischemic infarction of the corpus callosum.Methods The neuropsychological tests,brain MRI,the TCD and carotid duplex sonography were carried out in the patient who is right handed and had had presentation of paroxysmal diagonistic ideomotor apraxia for ten days.Results Neuropsychological tests confirmed the diagnosis of paroxysmal diagonistic apraxia in this patient.MRI showed ischemic infarction in the right corpus callosum.The symptomsin the patient were improved after the treatment with aspirin for three months.Conclusion The infarction of corpus callosum may induce paroxysmal diagonistic apraxia.

Objective To investigate the curative effects of curcumin(CUR)or dexamethasone (DXM)on ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)of rat lung grafts.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided 4 groups:CUR group(CUR was administered intraperitoneally to both donors and recipients at 3 h prior to operation);DXM group(DXM was administered intraperitoneally at 30 min prior to operation);vehicle group(Animals were injected with the DMSO to both donors and recipients at 3 h prior to operation);sham group(Time-matched control animals underwent the same surgery,except that no graft was implanted).Six animals were sacrificed at different reperfusion periods of 2 h and 24 h,respectively.Oxygenation indexes(PO_2/FiO_2),lung injury scores,wet/dry ratio(W/D)and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity in the transplanted lung were measured.Malondialdehyde(MDA), total anti-oxidative capacity(TAOC),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-?and interleukin(IL)-6 in the transplanted lung and serum were determined.Results The levels of LPV PO_2/FiO_2 were significant- ly higher in the CUR and DXM groups than in the vehicle groups both 2 and 24 h after reperfusion,re- spectively(P