China ; epidemiology ; Cryptococcosis ; epidemiology ; Cryptococcus gattii ; Humans

Dermatomycoses ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; drug therapy ; Skin Diseases ; drug therapy ; Skin Diseases, Viral ; drug therapy

Air ; analysis ; Chlorpyrifos ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Workplace

Objective To analyze the molecular characteristics of Salmonella paratyphi A ( S. pa-ratyphi A) strains prevailing in Hangzhou area in recent years. Methods Pulse field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis ( MLVA) were performed for molecular typing and epidemiological analysis of 72 S. paratyphi A strains isolated in Hangzhou area during 2002 to 2013. Results The 72 S. paratyphi A strains were divided into 11 PFGE ( by using restriction enzymes of Xba Ⅰ and Bln Ⅰ) and 6 MLVA types. Among the selected 34 variable number tandem repeat ( VNTR) sites, 4 sites (1188K, 2075K, 2201K and 4346K) showed high polymorphism, in which PFGE displayed a higher resolution than MLVA. Except for the 5 PFGE types of X4B5, X7B7, X8B8, X9B9 and X10B10, the other 6 PFGE types belonged to a same clone sharing a similarity of greater than 95%, and the S. Paratyphi A strains in that clone accounted for 93. 1% of the total strains isolated in Hangzhou. Conclu-sion The occurrence of paratyphoid A in Hangzhou area from 2002 to 2013 was mainly caused by S. para-typhi A strains belonging to the same clone. Combination of PFGE with MLVA was conducive to epidemiolog-ical investigation of paratyphoid A.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of gentamicin solution in transurethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy to prevent postop- erative infection.Methods Prospective clinical randomized control study was conducted.From July 2003 to June 2006,116 ca- ses of ureteral stones at high risk of postoperative infection were randomized into control group or gentamicin group.Patients in gentamicin group received gentamicin solution for washing in the operation.All the patients undergoing operation were followed up for 2 weeks after operation.Diagnosis of postoperative infection was based on clinical manifestations.Results A total of 109 patients received operation in all the 116 cases,including 58 cases in gentamicin group and 51 cases in control group.Thirteen cases of postoperative infection were identified in all the patients receiving operation (11.93%),3 cases in gentamicin group and 10 in control group.The incidence of postoperative infection was significantly different between the two groups (X~2= 5.3342,P=0.0209).Eight cases had positive bacterial culture.Of the microbiological isolates,2 were gram-positive bacteria, 5 gram-negative bacteria and 1 Candida albicans.Conclusions The most common pathogen causing postoperative infection after transurethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy is gram-negative bacteria.The use of gentamicin solution for washing in the operation can reduce the incidence of postoperative infection.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum(AET) on the blood glucose in normal and alloxan(ALX)-diabetic mice.MethodsFasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance in normal and ALX-diabetic mice were measured respectively 7 days after AET had been given.ResultsAET had not significantly effected the fasting blood glucose of normal mice, but improved their glucose toleranc. Otherwise, AET reduced fasting blood glouse of diabetic mice induced by ALX significantly.ConclusionAET can be used on treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Actins ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangiosarcoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To determine the molecular characteristics of predominant Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A strains prevalent in Hangzhou area from 2002 to 2008.Methods Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE),multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were applied for typing as well as analysis of the molecular characteristics of 31 S.typhi isolates and 404 S.paratyphi A isolates from Hangzhou area during 2002 to 2008.Results The 404 S.paratyphi A isolates could be divided into six PFGE types (P1-P6).99.0％ of the S.paratyphi A isolates (400/404) belonged to the same one clone family (P1 and P2 types),in which P1 strains occupied 93.3％ (373/400) of the isolates.The 31 S.typhi isolates displayed a high diversity,which could be classified into 14 PFGE types,28 MLVA types with 90.3％ resolving power and 3 MLST types.The S.typhi strains prevalent in Hangzhou area were similar to those in Southeast Asia but different from those in Europe.The variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) sites with high polymorphism,TR1,TR2 and Sal02,could be used to the markers for diagnosis of S.typhi isolates in the area.The MLST types of 31 S.typhi isolates included all the three types currently found in the world but the ST2 type of S.typhi strains was predominant (23/31,74.2％).Conclusion The paratyphoid A prevalence in Hangzhou area in the recent years is caused by infection of the same clone family of S.paratyphi A whereas the S.typhi strains prevalent in the area display a high diversity.

OBJECTIVETo investigate moisture content and hygroscopicity of spray dry powder of Gubi compound's water extract obtained at different spray drying conditions and laying a foundation for spray drying process of Chinese herbal compound preparation.

METHODIn the paper, on the basis of single-factor experiments, the author choose inlet temperature, liquid density, feed rate, air flow rate as investigated factors.

RESULTThe experimental absorption rate-time curve and scanning electron microscopy results showed that under different spray drying conditions the spray-dried powders have different morphology and different adsorption process.

CONCLUSIONAt different spray-dried conditions, the morphology and water content of the powder is different, these differences lead to differences in the adsorption process, at the appropriate inlet temperature and feed rate with a higher sample density and lower air flow rate, in the experimental system the optimum conditions is inlet temperature of 150 degrees C, feed density of 1.05 g x mL(-1), feed rate of 20 mL x min(-1) air flow rate of 30 m3 x h(-1).

Desiccation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Particle Size ; Powders ; chemistry ; Temperature ; Water ; analysis ; Wettability

OBJECTIVETo explore effective approaches of treating elderly patients with distal tibiofibular fractures.

METHODSFrom August 2008 to October 2012,175 elderly patients with distal tibiofibular fractures were treated with locking compression plate (LCP) through anterior tibial. There were 112 males and 63 females with an average of 71.3 (ranged 60 to 83) years old. Of them,89 cases were treated by anterior tibial tension reduced incision with LCP,including 62 males and 27 females with a mean age of (71.8 +/- 6.4) years old. Eighty-six patients were treated by distal tibial incision with LCP,including 58 males and 28 females with a mean age of (70.3 +/- 6.7) years old. Swelling time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, healing time, complications and AOFAS scores were compared between two groups after operation.

RESULTSSwelling time in anterior tension reduced incision with LCP and distal tibial incision with LCP was (5.6 +/- 1.3) and (9.7 +/- 2.1) days, healing time was (4.2 +/- 1.4) and (5.4 +/- 1.9) months,and complications were found 3 in tension reduced incision and 10 in distak tibial incision respectively;and all data shown statistically significant differences between two groups (P < 0.05). At 12 months after operation,AOFAS score was 89.0 +/- 9.7, 87.9 +/- 9.4; and there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTension reduced incision through anterior tibial combined with locking compression plate fixation in treating elderly patients with distal tibiofibular fractures can provide good clinical effects with quick fracture healing and low complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Tibia ; injuries ; surgery ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome