Objective To identify the key factors triggering medical disputes induced by differences in cognition between doctors and patients in order to control the occurrence and development of medical disputes. Methods From 2002 to 2006,the outpatients,inpatients and medical staff of 3 hospitals in Shanghai(class 3 first level general hospital,n=2;class 3 first level special hospital,n=1) were investigated,and random sampling method was employed for the research analysis. Results There were significant differences between doctors and patients in cognition of influential factors triggering medical disputes such as health law,medical services,rights and obligations. Conclusion The differences in cognition between doctors and patients are important causes for medical disputes,and effective prevention and intervention measures must be taken.

Objective To study the expression of VEGF-C and it's relationship with pathologic characteristics in rectal cancer.Method In this study 82 patients of mid to low rectal cancer underwent radieal resection from December 2007 to August 2008.Tumor tissues and lymph nodes were studied by immunohistochemical staining for VEGF-C expression in the tumor tissue and CK20 expression in D3 lymph nodes.Results were compared with the pathological results of mesenterium lymph nodes to explain the relationships between VEGF-C expressions and clinical pathologic characteristics.Data were analyzed with Chi square test.Result As for the expression of VEGF-C.significant differences were found between tumor stages(X~2=8.529,P<0.05)and between positive and negative lymph node metastasis(X~2=4.712,P<0.05).but there was no difference between that of mesenterium lymph node metastasis and D3 lymph node micrometastasis(X~2=0.017,P>0.05). Conclmion In rectal cancer,VEGF-C expression is correlated with tumor stage,type,metastasis and micrometastasis of lymph node.

Background and purpose:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Intrahepatic recurrence is the main factor affecting its medium-term survival rate. Therefore, the search for the markers of metastasis is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of expression of tyrosine kinase phosphorylation Tyr416 of sarcoma (SRC pY416) in HCC with clinical parameters and prognosis. Methods:Immunohistochemical method and Western blot were used to detect the expression of non-receptor tyrosine kinase (SRC pY416) in 112 cases of HCC tissues and 40 cases of corresponding cancer adjacent normal liver tissues. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in patients were detected with chemiluminescence. In the 12 months Follow-up of the study,the association between SRC pY416 expression and clinical parameters was analyzed. Results:SRC pY416 expressions in HCC (65.40±15.69) were higher than those in cancer adjacent normal liver tissues (11.25±2.73,P<0.001). The expressions of SRC pY416 were all associated with the age, the liver cirrhosis, the complete capsule, the tumor differentiation, the HBV DNA and the AFP value of the patients (P<0.01). 12 months after operation, single factor analysis showed that the recurrence was associated with the tumor differentiation, the HBV DNA, the AFP value and the expression of SRC pY416 of the patient (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of SRC pY416 was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and metastasis in patients with HCC in 12 months. Conclusion:SRC pY416 may play an important role in the metastasis of HCC. The expression of SRC pY416 may be the marker for HCC liver metastasis.

Objective To establish and assess a new screening method for anti-HIV-1 drugs.Methods JLTRG cells were co-cultured with different proportions of H9/HTLV-Ⅲ B cells for 24,48,72 and 96 h.Intensity and density of green fluorescent protein were observed under fluorescence microscope,and were tested using flow cytometry.The optimal proportion of cells in co-culture system and the culture time were determined.The effectiveness of Enfuvirtide (T20) and Efavirenz (EFV),and their half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined by using cell co-culture system and half life of drugs.HIV load was detected using RT-PCR for HIV-1 p24 antigen,and its correlations with drug concentration and mean fluorescent intensity were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.Results Experiments demonstrated that JLTRG cells co-cultured with H9/HTLV-ⅢB cells at the proportion of 10 ∶ 1 for 72 hours was the best.Along with the concentrations of T20 and EFV changed,JLTRG cells were infected with HIV-1 in different degrees,and the IC50s of T20 and EFV were 10 nmol/L and 5 nmol/L,respectively.The concentrations of T20 and EFV were negatively correlated with mean fluorescent intensity and viral load (r =-1,-0.986 and-1,-1,P ＜ 0.01); and mean fluorescent intensity was positively correlated with viral load (r =0.986 and 1,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The drug screening method established in this study is efficient and easy to operate,which provides a new option for anti-HIV-1 drug screening.

Objective To evaluate the olfactory function and its influence factors by using Sniffin ’ Sticks test, and to compare the quality of Parkinson ’s disease (PD) recognition between Sniffin’ Sticks and 16 kinds of odor identification in Sniffin ’ Sticks(SS-16) tests.Methods The Sniffin’Sticks test was used to assess the olfactory function of 68 PD patients and 76 healthy volunteers , and the relationship between smell and age, disease duration, Unified Parkinson’ s Disease Rating Scale score, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) rating, and cognitive function level (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) was analyzed.Results (1)The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in PD group (83.3%) was significantly higher than that in control group (21.2%).The Sniffin’ Sticks test showed that the odor threshold score (6.6 ±3.2, P=0.000), odor discrimination score (6.6 ±3.3, P=0.000), 16 kinds of odor identification score (6.8 ±2.4, P=0.000) in PD group were significantly lower than those in control group.( 2 ) When comparing the PD cases and healthy controls in recognition , the sensitivity and the specificity of the Sniffin ’ Sticks test were 0.897 and 0.737, respectively, similar to the SS-16 test.However, the Sniffin’ Sticks test showed advantage compared with odor threshold and odor discrimination.( 3 ) The olfactory score in PD group was positively correlated with cognitive function (r=0.243, P=0.046), and was unrelated with age, gender, disease duration, and disease severity.The olfactory score in control group was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.270, P=0.018), but positively correlated with cognitive function (r=0.281, P=0.014).Conclusions There is a higher incidence of olfactory dysfunction in PD patients than in control group.Sniffin’ Sticks test is superior to SS-16 test in quantitative and qualitative analysis of olfactory function in PD patients.Two tests both have high sensitivity and specificity in the recognition of PD .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of recombinal human connective tissue growth factor (rhCTGF) stimulation on epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (EMT) and collagen-synthesis in human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK2) in vitro.

METHODSThe cultured HK2 cells were stimulated with rhCTGF of 5 ng/mL. The morphological changes were observed under an inverted microscope. The cells were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs after rhCTGF stimulation. The expression of E-cadherin,alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen Ialpha1 (Col Ialpha1) and collagen IValpha1 (Col IValpha1) mRNAs were detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSrhCTGF stimulation changed the HK2 cell appearance from oval to fusiformdown-regulated the E-cadherin mRNA expression and up-regulated alpha-SMA mRNA expression, but had no effects the Col Ialpha1 and Col IValpha1 mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONSExogenous CTGF can mediate the EMT but has no collagen-synthesis effects on HK2 cells.

Actins ; genetics ; Cadherins ; genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins ; pharmacology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; pharmacology ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of amino acid parenteral nutritional (PN) support on serum tryptophan and melatonin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving chemotherapy.

METHODSSeventy-two patients with inoperable NSCLC were divided into three groups randomly: control group, 250 ml/d amino acids PN therapy group and 500 ml/d amino acids PN therapy group. The same NP (cisplatin + vinorelbine) chemotherapy was carried out in all the three groups. During three sessions of chemotherapy,amino acids PN therapy was given to the amino acids PN therapy groups. Serum tryptophan and melatonin concentration changes were assessed before and after chemotherapy.

RESULTSAfter chemotherapy the concentration of MT and Try were much lower than that before chemotherapy in the three group patients (P < 0.05). But the concentration of MT and Try in the PN group patients was higher than that in control group patients. The concentration of MT and Try in the 500 ml/d amino acid parenteral nutritional support group patients were significantly higher than that in the 250 ml/d group patients, the difference was significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAmino acid parenteral nutritional support is beneficial to improve the lower concentration of serum MT and Try in NSCLC patients receiving chemotherapy, and a more significant effect can be achieved by the 500 ml/d amino acid parenteral nutritional support treatment.

Aged ; Amino Acids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Melatonin ; blood ; Neoplasm Staging ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Treatment Outcome ; Tryptophan ; blood ; Vinblastine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives

OBJECTIVETo study the role and possible mechanisms of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) involved in mesangial cell (MC) proliferation which could be inhibited by bufalin.

METHODSRat mesangial cells were cultured in vitro. The effect of bufalin on platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced MC proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. The function of GJIC was detected by Lucifer Yellow scrape loading and dye transfer (SLDT). mRNA levels of Cx43, Cx45 and Cx40 were measured by RT-PCR. Intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) were examined in laser scanning confocal microscopy after loading by Fura-3/AM.

RESULTSMTT indicated that bufalin could inhibited PDGF-BB-induced MC proliferation (P<0.01). Compared with the hormal control group, PDGF-BB inhibited GJIC function, increased the expression of Cx45 and Cx40 (P<0.01) without altering the Cx43 (P>0.05) in gene level and also increased [Ca(2+)]i. However, bufalin treatment enhanced GJIC function, decreased Cx45 mRNA and Cx40 mRNA expression (P<0.01), and reduced [Ca(2+)]i (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSBufalin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced MC proliferation, and its possible mechanisms may be related to regulation of Cx45 and Cx40 expression in the gene level, reduction of [Ca(2+)]i and enhancement of GJIC function.

Animals ; Bufanolides ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Communication ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Gap Junctions ; drug effects ; Mesangial Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; pharmacology ; Rats

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Cyclosporine ; therapeutic use ; Fish Oils ; therapeutic use ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; therapy ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Mycophenolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use

The scholars at home and abroad pay great attention to the studies of specificities of acupoints, but the studies were superficial and non-systemic because of lacking to application of modern sciences and technology. There are not persuasive conclusive achievements for the specificities of acupoints and the key factors influencing the effect of acupuncture. The study of the specificities of acupoints should be concentrate on the diseases for which acupuncture and moxibustion are effective. And multiple modern sciences and techniques should be adopted to resolve the key problems about biological and physical characteristics, pathological response, effects and law of compatibility of acupoints usually selected for the diseases, and then to create the model of the theory about the specificities of acupoints and to richen and develop the theory of the specificity of acupoints.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Research