Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Sulfuric Acid Esters ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the joint action mechanism of structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and job satisfaction of nursing staff in China,and probe into a joint action mechanism of such structure and empowerment on their satisfaction.Methods Totally 300 nurse specialists from secondary and tertiary hospitals in Anhui province were selected in a convenience sampling for investigation,by means of a general information questionnaire,Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire,Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaires-Ⅱ and Psychological Empowerment Scale.Results The nurses′job satisfaction were positively associated with both their total scoring and individual dimensions of the structural empowerment and psychological empowerment.As shown in the structural equation modeling,the model (the pathway from structural empowerment to nurses′ job satisfaction and the mediating effect of psychological empowerment are significant)fitted the data well. Conclusions Nursing managers can use the empowerment theory to fully leverage their management advantages,creating a desirable environment for the nursing staff at large.

Background The pathogenesiof age-related maculadegeneration (AMD) iassociated with the senility of human retinal pigmenepithelium (RPE) cells.Seeking drug to arresRPE cell senility iof significance fothe prevention and treatmenof AMD.Research showed thathe lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) can delay senility,buitinfluence on RPE cell aging iunclear.Objective Thistudy wato discusthe protective effecand mechanism of LBP on RPE cell aging.MethodPorcine retinal neural epithelial layewaisolated,and photoreceptooutesegmen(POS) waextracted by density gradiencentrifugation and marked by FITC.The POwathen co-cultured with RPE cellin the medium containing 0.01,0.10 and 1.00 g/L LBP fo24 hours.The areof fluorescence,representing the amounof POphagocytosed by RPE cells,wameasured undethe fluorescenmicroscope to evaluate the influence of LBP on the phagocytifunction of RPE cells.The POS-induced RPE lipofuscin-uptake cell model waestablished by co-culturing human RPE cellwith porcine POfo3 weeks.The RPE-POco-culture cell model waincubated in medium containing 0.01,0.10 o1.00 g/L LBP,and the autofluorescence caused by lipofuscin up-taken into RPE cellwadetected with flow cytometry.cell counting kiwaused to assescell proliferation and viability (value) 24,48 and 72 hourafteculturing.ResultPorcine POpresented athin rodundethe lighmicroscope and appeared abilayedisc-like structureundethe transmission electron microscope,and itFITC-labeled yellow-green autofluorescence waobserved undethe fluorescenmicroscope.No POwaup-taken into the RPE cellin the normal control group,buthe areof POphagocytosed by RPE cellwagradually enlarged with increasing doseof LBP,showing significandifference among the group(F =21.425,P =0.006).Compared with the POcontrol group,the phagocytosed areincreased avariouconcentrationof LBP+POgroup(P＜0.01).Flow cytometry showed thathe autofluorescence value in the POcontrol group wamore highethan thaof the normal control group.Athe LBP dose increased,the autofluorescence value in the RPE celldeclined gradually and iwaneathe normal value in the 1.00 g/L LBP+ POgroup.The rate of proliferation of the lipofuscin RPE cellvaried with the increase of doseof LBP with the maximal value in the normal RPE group and minimal value in the lipofuscin RPE group,and the rate of proliferation of the lipofuscin RPE cellascended with increasing doseof LBP until neathe normal value in the 1.00 g/L LBP + lipofuscin RPE cellgroup (P＞0.05).ConclusionLBP enhance the anti-aging effecof human RPE cellby strengthening the phagocytiability to POand the ability to remove lipofuscin and by heightening the proliferation of human RPE cells.

Objective To investigate the features of variation of sympathetic skin response(SSR)in depression patients and to clarify the correlation between SSR and the effect of antidepressant therapy in first episode depression.Methods The sample comprised 50 first visit patients,who fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria in a structured interview for depressive disorder.These 50 patients received antidepressant therapy for 6 weeks.Clinical response was defined as ≥50%reduction in total 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD).Remission was defined as HAMD score ≤7 at week 6.SSR waveforms were classified into three patterns based on the amplitudes of positive and negative components:P pattern,N pattern and M pattern.Another 50 healthy subjects were involved in this study as controls.Results (1)SSR could be obtained in all normal subjects but couldn't be recorded in 5 of 50 patients whose HAMD scores>28.SSR waveforul patterns were analyzed in these 45 patients P pattern in 7 cases,N pattern 21,M pattern 17.(2)Depression patients had longer latency and lower amplitude than the controls(P<0.01).P pattern had shorter latency and higher amplitude than N pattern.There were no difference in age,course and HAMD scores among the patients with 3 different SSR patterns.(3)Nine of 21 patients of N pattern treated with fluoxetine were remitters.6 patients were clinical responders.These 15 patients had shorter latency and higher amplitude after treatment than that at the initial stage,but there were still differences in latency and amplitude compared with the controls.Conclusion There were significant damages on sympathetic function of depression patients.N pattern was the most SSR pattern among 45 patients recorded SSR.P pattern had shorter latency and higher amplitude than N pattern.SSR is a sensitive and feasible measure inder for neurocardiac electrophysiologic autonomic regulation examination,which could be used to measure clinical therapeutic efficacy for antideppressant in depression patients.

Female ; Fungemia ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Objective This study was to explore the prevalence of overweight and obesity,and the effects of contextual and individual level determinants on them in the rural areas of Kunming city.China.Methods Shilin County was selected as the study site.Probability Proportional to Size(PPS)sampling method was used to select representative sample of 6006 residents aged 45 years and over from Shilin.Information was obtained from a cross-sectional survey on health.Data was analyzed using a muhilevel logistic modeling.Results The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 12.10% and 2.15% in the study area.Males had a higher prevalence of overweight than females(13.60% vs.10.71%).Similar situation was seen in the prevalence of obesity(2.82% vs.1.52%).Both village level and individual level variables were associated with obesity.whereas only individual level variables were related to overweight.Elderly had lower probability of being overweight and obese than younger people with odds ratio(OR)as 0.95(95% CI:0.83-0.97)and 0.93(95% CI:0.82-0.96),respectively.Males had higher probability of being overweight and obese than females:OR of 0.89(95% CI:0.78-0.98)and OR of 0.87(95% CI:0.78-0.97),respectively.Individuals with lower family income had increased probability of having obesity (OR=0.81,95% CI:0.73-0.95).Factor as living in a higher income village was associated with lower prevalence of obesity(OR=0.92,95% CI:0.85-0.98).Conclusion Interventions at village level on obesity in parallel with those at individual level were needed.Prevention and intervention on obesity should be emphasized in villages with higher income.

Objective:To analyze the result of smooth pursuit test(SPT) in unilateral vestibular peripheral vertigo and investigate its influencing factors.Method:Smooth pursuit test (SPT) and spontaneous nystagmus (SN)were examined in one hundred and eighty-five patients with unilateral peripheral vertigo(case group) and 51 normal persons(control group) by Video-Nystagmography (Synapsys, France), and the gain of SPT and SN were selected as the observation parameters in order to analyze the waveform and gain of SPT and the relativity between SN and the gain of SPT.Result:Of the 185 patients, 105(56.8%),72(38.9%) and 8(4.3%) cases producedⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ waveforms respectively. Of these patients, 58(31.4%) demonstrated SN and none had Ⅳ waveform. While of 51 normal persons, 38(74.5%), 13(25.5%) persons producedⅠand Ⅱwaveforms repectively and there were no Ⅲ, Ⅳ waveforms or SN. There was statistical significance between the stong and weak gain of SPT in these two groups. Weak gain was significantly different between two groups. The stong and weak gain of SPT in case group were 0.86±0.06,0.80±0.06; 0.78±0.09, 0.65±0.1; 0.68±0.13, 0.45±0.12. The relativity between SN and the gain of SPT was positive when they had same direction(r_s=-0.63,P＜0.05)and negative when opposite (r_s=0.34,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ three waveforms of SPT could appear in unilateral vestibular peripheral vertigo and the corresponding gains are gradually decreasing.SN is the influencing factor of SPT.

Objective: To unveil the efficacy of Shaolin internal qigong exercise in treating capsulitis of the shoulder (CS) and explore objective outcome measures by observing the changes in the surface electromyography (sEMG) signals of shoulder muscle groups after regular practice of Shaolin internal qigong exercise in CS patients. Methods: Sixty CS patients were randomized into two groups by the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. Patients in the qigong group practiced Shaolin internal qigong exercise on a regular basis, while patients in the electroacupuncture (EA) group received EA treatment. Before and after treatment, the sEMG signals of six muscles, i.e. biceps brachii, triceps brachii, deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and trapezius muscles, of the affected side were recorded at 45° abduction of the shoulder, 60° forward flexion and 90° internal rotation with the elbow flexed during maximal isometric contraction, and the integrated electromyography (iEMG) of each muscle was calculated. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3％ in the qigong group, higher than 83.3％ in the EA group (P<0.05). Intra-group comparison showed that the iEMG of biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major and deltoid muscles in the qigong group increased significantly after intervention at 45° abduction of the shoulder, 60° forward flexion and 90° internal rotation with the elbow flexed (all P<0.05), and the iEMG of trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles decreased (both P<0.05); in the EA group, the iEMG of biceps brachii, pectoralis major and deltoid muscles increased significantly during contraction (all P<0.05), while the iEMG of triceps brachii, trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles had no significant changes (all P>0.05). After intervention, there were significant differences in the iEMG of most of muscles between the two groups (all P<0.05), except for the iEMG of deltoid muscle at 45° of abduction of the shoulder joint during isometric contraction (P>0.05). Conclusion: Shaolin internal qigong exercise can effectively increase the motion intensity of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major and deltoid muscles and reduce the compensation of the latissimus dorsi and trapezius muscles in CS patients; compared with EA, it produces a better result in improving the coordination and stability in shoulder joint movements.

Objective To study the pathological characteristics of skeletal muscle in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica(PMR).Methods Thirteen patients were diagnosed PMR according to the diagnostic criteria described by Bird in 1979.The onset of disease was between 49-78 years of age (median 60.3 years).All of them showed continuous symmetric myalgia with markedly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR).Five patients had mild fever and 8 patients had elevated C-reactive protein(CRP).Electromyogram(EMG)showed myogenic pattern in 2 patients.Only 1 patient showed anemia and 2 patients had mild elevated creatinine phosphokinase.None of them showed evidence of temporal arteritis.Biceps brachii muscle biopsies were performed in all patients before corticosteroid therapy.Results The typeⅡmuscle fiber atrophy was observed in all patients.Moth-eaten changes appeared in 8 cases,increased intramuscular lipid drops in 8 cases and ragged red fibers(RRF)in 3 cases of them.After steroid therapy,all patients showed improvement of myalgia and normal ESR as well as CRP.Conclusions The main symptoms of the patients are myalgia and abnormal ESR.Some patients have high level of CRP and abnormal EMG.Anemia and temporal arteritis are less frequent.The main myopathological changes were typeⅡmuscle fiber atrophy.Some patients have moth-eaten changes.More lipid drops and RRF indicate abnormal metabolism of skeletal muscle.

Objective To evaluate the benefits of step-by-step interactional health education model in improving the home care quality in tube feeding patients after stroke.Methods Totals of 60 main home care givers of patients who received tube feeding after stroke were randomly divided into 2 groups.The test group was given step-by-step interactional health education model,which main home care givers received the health education about the relevant knowledge and demonstration operation process in the 1st ～5th day,operation notes and exercise in 6th-10th day,demonstrated the notes and finished the operation under the help of nurses in 11th ～15th day; while the control group was given standard health education model.Then,the skill of tube feeding,overall nursing knowledge,and patients' satisfaction on the nursing of two groups were observed on the 15th day,and the situation of tube indwelling was observed during 28 days after discharge by phone.Results The scores of nursing knowledge and tube feeding skills of test group were ( 8.23 ± 1.0l ) and( 38.07 ± 2.63 ),and those of the control group were ( 5.73 ± 0.98 ) and ( 24.53 ±3.40 ),and the difference was statistically significant ( t=9.75,17.25,respectively; P ＜ 0.01 ).The situation of tube indwelling of test group during 28 days after discharge by phone was significantly better than that of control group ( P＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The step-by-step interactional health education model can improve the quality of home care in tube feeding patients after stroke,promote the patients satisfaction of nursing skills and procedures.