In this article we collected 2 embryos and 69 fetuses between 7 and 30 weeks of gestational age and 3 neonates to study the development of the human stomach by histological, histochemical and immunogold-siver methods. In 7-week embryo, the superficial layer of gastric mucosa was stratified columnar epithelium, containing a large amount of glycogen. In 9-week fetus, simple columnar epithelium, gastric pits and glandular buds were observed. At this stage a few parietal cells could be identified at the bottom of the glands. The pyloric glands contained parietal cells as fundic glands. At 13-14 week the muscularis mucosa appeared and the wall of stomach formed definitively as the adult. A few argyrophil cells in antrum and fundus were found at 12-week fetus. They scattered in the surface epithelium and concentrated in the lower portion of the glands. The argyrophil cells were round, pyramidal or spindle in shape. More argyrophil ceils were found in the antrum from 14-week on. At 18-week, the argyrophil cells were most numerous. Some cells possessed processes extending to the basement membrane or parietal cells. Between 15-30 weeks various shaped EC cells in fundus were found, with some open-type endocrine cells. G cells in antrum were mostly rounded and often in groups at 13,16 and 21 week. Developing G cells were observed under EM.

This paper discusses the meaning of the tutorial system on clinical practice;the qualifications,tasks and a responsibility of the tutors,expounds the role of tutors,and discusses the main problems of tutorial system of the undergraduate.

Objective To evaluate the changes of β cell function in critically ill surgical patients and its re- lationship with prognosis.Methods 32 patients>16 years age with no history of diabetes who were admitted to sur- gical intensive care unit(SICU)were divided into two groups according to APACHE Ⅱ score.Blood sample Was taken on preoperative and postoprative 1st day for measures of fasting insulin(FINS)and fasting C peptide(FCP). The HOMA-β Was calculated.Results The level of FINS,FCP and HOMA-β were significantly decreased on first day after operation than preoperative in critical group.Compared with control group,The level of FINS.FCP and HO- MA-βwere significantly reduced on first day after operation-which had negative correlation with APACHE Ⅱ score, APACHE Ⅲ score and in charge days of ICU.Conclusion There is β cell dysfunction in critically ill Surgical pa- tients.β cell function in surgical critically ill patients is negatively correlated with APACHE Ⅱ SCOre-APACHE Ⅲ score and days of ICU.

Objective To investigate the effect of tacrolimus on the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in HaCaT cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and on the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)α and β in untreated HaCaT cells in vitro.Methods Cultured Ha CaT cells were treated with TNF-α(10μg/L) only,combination of TNF-α(10μg/L) and various concentrations (10-8mol/L, 10-7mol/L,10-6moL/L) of tacrolimus or tacrolimus of different concentrations only.After additional 12-,24-, 36- or 48-hour cnlture, Westem blot and immunofluorescenee-confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to detect the expressions of NF-κB,GRα and GRβ in HaCaT cells.Those untreated HaCaT cells served as the control.Results The relative protein expression level of NF-κB was increased in HaCaT cells after treatment with TNF-α for 24 and 48 hours zompared with untreated ceils (0.73±0.0316 and 0.8925±0.0171 vs 0.4988±0.03506,both P<0.05);however,the increase in NF-κB expression was inhibited by the combination treatment with tacrolimus,and the relative expression level of NF-κB protein was 0.6825±0.0263.0.6200±0.0163 and 0.5575±0.0299 in HaCaT cells treated with TNF-α plus tacrolimus of 10-8mol/L 10-7mol/L and 10-6mol/L,respectively;the difference was significant etween TNF-α-treated cells and those dealt with the combination of NF-α and tacrolimus of 10-7 or 10-6 mol/L (both P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the expression of NF-κB by HaCaT cells between different time oints treated with tacrolimus of 10-8,10-7 or 10-6 mol/L.Also,there was no zignificant difference in the expression of GRα or GRβ between untreated HaCaT cells and those treated with tacrolimus of 10-8, 10-7 or 10-6 mol/L at any time point.Conclusions Tacrolimus ould inhibit the expression of NF-κB by TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells,but does not affect the expression of GRα or GRβ,in untreated HaCaT cells.

Epigenetic abnormalities not only associated with carcinogenesis, they may also influence the curative effect and prognosis of anticancer drugs through modifying pharmacokinetic genes related to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and pharmacodynamic genes related to signaling pathways and targets. That drugs through regulating epigenetic factors pocessing anti-cancer effect is becoming a research hot spot. We summarized and analyzed the realtionship of DNA methylation, miRNA, and histone modification with antitumor drug effect, aiming at promoting rational use of antitumor drugs and providing new ideas on developing epi-drugs.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic efficiency and outcomes of vertical condensation of warm gutta-percha obturation using the four-handed technique.MethodsA split-tooth model constructed with lateral grooves and depressions was used to compare vertical condensation of warm gutta-percha obturation with and without the four-handed technique.Respectively 10 times of obturation were done in the four-handed group and the independent operation group.The operation time and defect replication quality were recorded.Evaluation of defect replication quality was on an ordinal scale 0 to 2 grade based on how much each defect was replicated.The results were statistically analyzed.ResultsThere were signiticant differences in treatment time between the four-handed group and theindependent operation group,as well as in treatment outcomes between two groups.ConclusionsUse of the four-handed technique can improve therapeutic efficiency and outcomes of vertical condensation of warm gutta-percha obturation.

Objective To establish a simple method for determination the Alkaloids contents from Zanthoxylum nitidum. Methods Adopting nitidunechloride as reference,alkaloids in Zanthoxylum nitidum were by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 329 nm. Results The liner arrange was 3～8 ?g/mL,regression equation:Y=97.75X -0.025 5,r =0.999 1 (n=6). The mean recovery of Nitidunechloride was 99.46%,RSD=0.93% (n =5). Conclusion The method performed is accurate and simple. The reproducibility and rate of extraction are also desirable.

Blood pressure (BP) is one of important physiological parameters which reflect the activity of cardiovascular system. The discriminant method of BP is the key to improve the accuracy of measurements. In this paper, the principle of oscillation method is introduced first. The factors that influence the accuracy of this method and the preprocessing of pulse wave are also analyzed. Then, an improvement method based on oscillation method is proposed by means of the flow progress diagram, which is applied to measuring BP simulator and human body. The measurements are compared with the standard values of BP simulator and the measurements by Korotkoff sound method respectively. The results validate that the accuracy and the repeatability of BP determination are improved dramatically.

Objective To analyze the nucleotide sequences of novel allele HLA-B*4608. Methods Genomic DNA of the proband was extracted from whole blood by the commercial DNA extraction kit. The HLA-B exons 1-8 of the proband was amplified and the amplified product was cloned by TOPO TA cloning sequencing kit to split the two alleles apart. Both strands of exons 2, 3 and 4 of chosen colonies were sequenced. Results The sequencing results showed HLA-B alleles of the proband as B*5502 and a new allele as proved by blast search. The sequences of the novel allele have been submitted to Genbank(DQ177521,DQ177522,DQ177523). The new allele is similar to HLA-B*4601 except for two nucleotide substitutions in exon 3: T to C at nucleotide position 538 and G to T at nucleotide position 539. These result in an amino acid substitution at codon 156 from W to L. Conclusion This allele is a novel allele and has been officially named B*4608 by the WHO Nomenclature Committee.

Objective Study the special value of the brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP)and Brain Geography Diagram(BEAM/EEG)for diagnosis of Newborn HypoxicIschemic Encephalopathy(HIE),the correlation between BAEP,BEAM/EEG and HIG,and the relation with HIE linger effect,so as to evaluate clinical curative effect,find out the best treatment time,lower the occurrence of linger effect.Methods the BEAM/EEG and BAEP were detected synehronously by adopting 16 traots of BEAM/EEG and BAEP instruments for HIE before treatment,at thirtieth day,the third Month,the sixth Month,the twelfth Month and the twenty-fourth Month respectively.Results The BAEP,BEAM/EEG have special diagnostic value on nerve cell function recovery,examination of recovery period in particalar.The research discovers the both are not synehronous in recovery period,the BAEP recovers is later than BEAM/EEG;for heavy degree HIE,BAEP recovering is slow with bad therapy effect,BAEP index sign is more sensitive to BEAM/EEG to assess linger effect.Conclusions Simple BEAM/EEG damaye indicates the brain cortex iniury only,so the prognosis is good;while BAEP damage suggestes the patiemts have brain stem nerve cell injury simultaneously,with bad prognosis for the heavy degree abnormality.in combination with BAEP and BEAM/EEG in clinical practiae,investigation of recovery degree of HIE herve cells by kinds of electric physiology angles it would have important value to perfect the treatment of HIE.