Recent studies have shown a significant relationship between ambient particulate matter and cardiovascular diseases.Results of epidemiological and experimental studies in recent years were reviewed in the present paper.The biological mechanisms of the ambient particulate matter-induced cardiovascular impacts were also discussed.

Objective To investigate the changes of psychological state and family environment of the patients with neurosis (including depression and anxiety) in the process of treatment. Methods The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA), self-rating depression scale(SDS), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), family environment scale(FES), and family adaptability and cohesion scale(FACESⅡ-CV) were used to evaluate the changes of psychological state and family relationship in the process of treatment among patients with depression and anxiety hospitalized in general hospitals (n=45) and their family members (n=45). Results Before intervention, values of HAMD, HAMA, SDS and SAS in patients were higher than normal ones, and were in line with the corresponding diagnostic criteria. After psychological intervention and medication for 2 to 3 months, symptoms such as depression and anxiety were improved significantly, and values of the above scales were within normal ranges. Besides, there was also significant improvement in FES and FACESⅡ-CV after intervention among the patients. All the values of the family members were in the normal ranges before intervention, however, significantly positive changes were observed after intervention. Conclusion With the improvement in depression and anxiety after intervention among patients, the psychological pressure of family members is released, and family relationship is partially restored. The rehabilitation of patients plays an important role in the restoration of family function.

Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of clinically isolated pathogens from geriatrics department of a hospital in 2013,so as to provide reference for clinical antimicrobial use.Methods Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from patients in a geriatrics department between Janu-ary and December 2013 were analyzed statistically.Results Of 1 896 pathogenic strains,1 289(67.99%)were gram-negative bacteria,439 (26.00%)were gram-positive bacteria,and 114(6.01%)were fungi;the top 4 isolated pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Acinetobacter baumannii ,and Escherichia coli .Extended-spec-trumβ-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 53.26% and 31.10% of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively;Of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains,methicillin-resistant isolates (MRSA and MRSE)accounted for 22.47% and 80.00%,respectively,of Enterococ-cus strains,vancomycin-resistant isolates (VRE)was 3.10%,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacteriaceae were highly sensitive to imipenem,meropenem and ertapenem.Resistant rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem and meropenem was 79.48% and 80.35% respectively,Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the lowest resistant rate to amikacin (10.70%). Gram-positive bacteria were highly sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.Conclusion The major pathogens isolated from the elderly patients are gram-negative bacteria,and antimicrobial resistance is serious,surveillance of antimicrobial resist-ance is important for rational use of antimicrobial agents and control of pathogen resistance.

BACKGROUND: Defected Laryngeal cartilage has many alternatives, including autologous cartilage, al ograft cartilage and metal stents. Although these materials can achieve desired outcomes in laryngeal cartilage defect repair, certain limitations exist. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility and properties of artificial ossicular chain reconstruction materials, and to explore the effect of artificial ossicular chain reconstruction materials on laryngeal cartilage defect repair. METHODS: Porous hydroxyapatite otosteon was prepared by high-temperature calcination of hydroxyapatite, fol owed by cultured in bone morphogenetic protein solution extracted from fresh human bone to construct bone morphogenetic protein-hydroxyapatite artificial ossicular chain reconstruction material. And then, the biocompatibility and characteristics of the material were analyzed. Forty adult male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into porous hydroxyapatite group and artificial ossicular chain reconstruction material group (n=20 per group), and underwent repair with porous hydroxyapatite material and bone morphogenetic protein-hydroxyapatite artificial ossicular chain reconstruction material respectively after modeling of laryngeal cartilage defect. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in compressive strength of artificial ossicular chain reconstruction materials with different porosities. No symmetry sphere formed in hol ows of the outer surface of the material, with polygonal appearance and with a pore size of 100-200 μm. There were no obvious adverse reactions in both two groups after implantation, but in the artificial ossicular chain reconstruction material group, numerous fibrous connective tissues and obvious bone nodules appeared, and the degradation rate of the material was faster. These results suggest that the bone morphogenetic protein-hydroxyapatite artificial ossicular chain reconstruction material exhibits good biocompatibility and properties, which wil obtain satisfactory outcomes for laryngeal cartilage defect repair. So, the material holds a great value of clinical application.

Objective To inhibit the expression level of SALI4 in AML cell line THP-1 and investigate its potential effects on pathogenesis of leukemia. Methods AML cell line THP-1 was transfected with plasmids that expressed small interfering RNA targeting SALL4. The samples were divided into 4 groups:(1) blank group: samples with not any treatments; (2) control group: cells with empty pRS vector alone;(3) test1 group:cells with SALL4-shRNA-pRS-1 plasmid transfection complex; (4) test2 group:cells with SALL4-shRNA-pRS-2 plasmid transfection complex. The expression levels of SALL4 mRNA and protein were measured by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR and WB. C-myc, Cyclin D1 and β-catenin were important components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and their expression levels in SALL4 knockdown THP-1 cells were detected by real-time fluorescence PCR. Furthermore, THP-1 apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry after Annexin V-PI staining. Results Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR illustrated that the expression of SALL4 in testl group, test2 group, control group and blank group were ( 36. 0 ± 4. 3 ) %,(32. 0 ± 2. 4) %, ( 102. 0 ± 6.5 ) % and ( 100. 0 ± 2. 6 ) % respectively. There was statistical significance ( F = 226. 3, P < 0. 05 ). The expression of SALL4 in testl and test2 group respectively were significant lower than that in blank group (t = 19.7,19. 1, P<0. 05). The expression of SALL4 had no significant difference between blank group and control group (t = 1.1, P ＞0. 05). Western blot analysis revealed SALL4 protein in testl and test2 group were significantly decreased compared with those of control and blank group. All above data indicated the high efficiency of RNA interference targeting SALL4. Comparing with the blank group, the relative expression of C-myc, Cyclin D1 and β-catenin mRNA in test1, test2 and control group were(44.0 ±6.2)%,(44.0 ±5.1)% and (107.0±13.6)%;(22.0±4.5)%,(25.0±3.5)% and (48.0 ± 7. 6 ) %; ( 42.0 ± 3.5 ) %, ( 59. 0 ± 3.7 ) % and ( 79. 0 ± 5.6 ) %. The expression of C-myc,β-catenin and Cyclin D1 mRNA in testl and test2 group were significant lower than that in blank group (t = 10. 1,9. 5, 23. 3, 22. 9; 17.4, 12. 4; P < 0. 05). The percentage of apoptotic cells in group of test1,test2,control, blank were (57.2 ±9.1)%, (34.4 ±8.6)%, (14.4 ±3.6)% and (14.8 ±4.8)%respectively. There was statistical significance ( F = 42. 5, P < 0. 05 ). After the inhibition of SALL4, the percentages of apoptotic cell in testl and test2 group were significantly increased( t =9. 7, 4. 5 ;P <0. 05).Conclusion The inhibition of SALL4 in leukemia cell line THP-1 downregulates the expression of cell proliferation related genes such as C-myc, Cyclin D1,β-catenin and promoted apoptosis.

Therapeutic alliance is one of the most popular topics in psychological counseling and psychotherapy research,but the concept of it is not unified.Despite of its various versions,most scholars regard it as an important relationship variable,emphasizing the agreement between therapist and patient as to the goals and tasks of treatment,and the affective bond established in the therapeutic dyad.Related research show that the characteristics of therapist and patient,and the interaction in this therapeutic dyad are the related factors on the formation and development of therapeutic alliance,which constitutes a major clinical variable in explaining and predicting the course and outcome of treatments.Future researches should further clarify the related factors of therapeutic alliance,expand the clinical applications of therapeutic alliance and strengthen the exploration of indigenization.

Objective To study the acute effects of PM2.5 on the heart rhythm of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)and the mechanism.Methods Twenty-eight male spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)were randomly divided into four groups.PM2.5 was administered by intratracheal instillation at the doses of 0 mg/kg,7.5 mg/kg,15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg respectively.ECGs were monitored at 30 min,1 h and 24 h later.Results The numbers of the rats with arrhythmia in all groups increased at 30 min after treatment.At 1 h after treatment,in control group the rats recovered,but in PM2.5 groups abnormal ECGs was still showed.However,ECGs of all groups became normal 24 h later.As shown by laser scanning confocal microscope(LSCM),the expression of Cx43 in the heart tissue of rats in 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg groups significantly decreased compared with the control group.There was no significant change in content of MDA and SOD in the heart tissue of PM2.5 treated rats.Conclusion PM2.5 exposure through inhalation may induce arrhythmia in SHR rats and the downregulated expression of Cx43 may play an important role in the pathogenesis.

Objective To explore the expression of recombinant adenovirus hypoxia-inducing factor-1? (HIF-1?) and its effects on the angiogenesis in a rat model of acute hindlimb ischemia. Methods (1) Recombinant adenovirus HIF-1?-Al?564 (Ad-H564 for short) was amplified in large scale in HEK293A cells and concentration gradient centrifuged in CsCl, purified by dialysis and then its titer was determined by spectrophotometry. (2) A model of acute ischemia in rats' hind limb was reproduced, and 72 rats were randomly allocated into Ad-LacZ group, Ad-H0 group, Ad-H564 group and control group (18 rats for each group). After the HIF-1? mRNA expression was detected, six rats of control group were intramuscularly injected with normal saline (NS group) to serve as control. Angiography and vascular cast were carried out in another two groups with in each six rats to serve as sham operated controls. In to hind limb skeletal muscles of rats of Ad-LacZ, Ad-H0 and Ad-H564 groups Ad-LacZ, Ad-H0 and Ad-H564 were respectively injected, normal saline was given to the rats of NS group, and nothing was given to the rats in sham group. (3) HIF-1? mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after injection. (4) Selective arteriography and vascular cast were performed to evaluate the vascular density. Results (1) PCR and gene sequencing suggested that correct recombinant adenovirus HIF-1? was obtained after being amplified and purified, and the titer of adenovirus was 1011OPU/ml. (2) RT-PCR showed that the highest expression of HIF-1? mRNA (0.544 7?0.141 2) was seen in Ad-H564 group, and the value was significantly different compared with that of normal group and Ad-LacZ group (P=0.000), but it did not show significant difference compared with that of Ad-H564 group and Ad-H0 group (0.533 0?0.041 6, P=0.368). The expression of HIF-1? mRNA reached the highest value on the 7th day in all the groups. (3) Arteriography on the 28th day after injection showed that the density of the collateral vessels was higher in Ad-H564 group than that in Ad-H0 group, but no significant difference was found. Vascular casts showed denser microvasculature in Ad-H564 group than that in the other groups. Conclusions The present study suggests that single site mutation may enhance the expression of human HIF-1? gene in the local muscles, facilitate angiogenesis in the ischemic tissue, but no significant difference was found between the wild-type and the mutated HIF-1? genes.

Objective To assess regional myocardial function by left ventricular radial myocardial motion velocity gradient(MVG) measured by omni-directional M-mode echocardiography(OME). Methods There were 32 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM), 20 patients with hypertension of left ventricular hypertrophy(HLVH),and 36 healthy volunteers in the study, LEJ-2 mode OME was used to measure and calculate MVG of 16 segment on left ventricular short axes. Results In the control group,MVG on left ventricular short axes were found to be decreased progressively from base plane to apical plane. Compared with the control group,the left ventricular MVG were reduced in HCM group and HLVH group( P <0. 05). Conclusions The left ventricular MVG can correspond directly to regional thickened myocardial motion,and can be used to evaluate left ventricular myocardial function in patients with thickened myocardium.