Objective To investigate the properties of the abilities of spontaneous counterfactual thinking(SCFT) and induced counterfactual thinking(ICFT) produced by undergraduate students with depressive symptoms.Methods Undergraduates were induced to produce SCFT after recalling a negative event and ICFT after reading a story about a traffic event.Then the undergraduates were demanded to complete the counterfactual inference test(CIT).The amount and rationality of CFT and the scores of CIT were analyzed.Results Mild depressive students(MDS) generated a higher amount of SCFT than non-depressive students(NDS),midrange depressive students and severe depressive students(SVDS)(P0.05).The rationality of SCFT generated by four groups were significantly different(P

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of ulinastatin in preventing pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancre-atography (ERCP).Methods The Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,CNKI,VIP,and Wanfang Data were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs)on ulinastatin for the prevention of post -ERCP pancreatitis published from 1970 to June 2016.Two researchers se-lected RCTs,extracted data,and evaluated methodological quality independently,and RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta -analy-sis.The chi -square test was used for the heterogeneity analysis of RCTs included,and the funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bi-as.Results A total of six RCTs with 923 patients were included in this analysis.Compared with the placebo,ulinastatin had significantly better effects in preventing post -ERCP pancreatitis (OR =0.26,95%CI:0.13 -0.53,P =0.000 2),hyperamylasemia (OR =0.47, 95%CI:0.33 -0.67,P <0.001),and abdominal pain (OR =0.56,95%CI:0.34 -0.91,P =0.020).Compared with gabexate,uli-nastatin had similar effects in preventing post -ERCP pancreatitis,hyperamylasemia,and abdominal pain (P =0.52,0.13,and 0.79);low -dose ulinastatin also had similar effects as gabexate in preventing post -ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia (P =0.49 and 0.25).The funnel plots based on the effect of ulinastatin in preventing post -ERCP pancreatitis were slightly asymmetric,which suggested the presence of publication bias.Conclusion Ulinastatin (≥15 ×104 U)can effectively prevent post -ERCP pancreatitis,hyperlipi-demia,and abdominal pain in the general population and it is recommended to start using this drug before surgery.

OBJECTIVETo study the ischemic times of the main artery injury in the limbs and the influence on the limbs survival rate, and to analyze the reasons for the formation of the ischemia time.

METHODSFrom June 1996 to November 2012, 83 patients with completely severed limb main artery treated in our hospital were retrospectively studied. There were 77 males and 6 females, including 81 adults (ranging in age from 16 to 52 years old, with a median age of 35 years old) and 2 children (4 and 5 years old respectively). Seventy-five patients were treated with end to end anastomosis, 7 patients were treated with great saphenous vein transplantation, and 1 patient was treated with artificial blood vessel transplantation. The prior to admission ischemia time, after admission ischemia time and total ischemia time for successful and unsuccessful patients, as well as the causes of the formation of the ischemia time were studied. Limb survival rate of different ischemic time was counted. Sharpness injury or blunt injury ischemia time and amputation rate were researched statistically. All data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.

RESULTSThere were 72 limbs survived, 11 amputated. The average ischemia time was (7.45±5.94) h for limb-salvage group and (13.73±14.00) h for amputation group. Prior to admission ischemia time between amputation and limb-salvage group had no significant difference. After admission the ischemia time in amputation group was longer than limb-salvage group. The amputation rate for ischemia time 21 to 44 h group was higher than other three groups (≤ 5 h, 6 to 10 h, 11 to 20 h) (P=0.023, 0.038, 0.044). Amputation reasons can be divided into anastomosis failure in the operation, vascular thrombosis 2 to 4 days after operation and late infection.

CONCLUSIONVascular injury limbs can tolerate longer ischemia time and the limb salvage succeed. Only too long ischemia time (> 20 h), limb amputation rate increases significantly. The main cause of long time ischemia is delayed diagnosis in the hospital. Whether limb-salvage success mainly depends on the degree of trauma and the quality of the anastomosis than ischemia time.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Amputation ; Extremities ; blood supply ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; surgery ; Limb Salvage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Vascular System Injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of actual defect length and gap width of the limbs main artery on the method selection of repairing and reconstruction.

METHODSRetrospective study was carried out for 32 patients with extremity main artery injury from 1996 to 2009, including 30 males and 2 females; 30 adults with an average age of 36 years old ranging from 18 to 51 years, 2 children of 4 and 5 years old respectively. Injured body parts involved axillary artery in 4 cases,brachial artery in 7 cases,radial artery in 2 cases, femoral artery in 4 cases, popliteal artery in 13 cases, posterior tibial artery in 2 cases. Main arterial injury defect gap width of all cases were observed and the reasons were analyzed. All cases were repaired by the method of end to end anastomosis after vessels stretch.

RESULTSThe artery defect width was 3 cm to 7 cm with an average of (4.375 +/- 1.200) cm. Defect width of the upper extremity brachial artery and axillary artery group was (5.73 +/- 0.63) cm,the lower extremity femoral and popliteal artery group (3.80 +/- 0.73) cm, the posterior tibial artery group (3.25 +/- 0.35) cm, the radial artery group (3.00 +/- 0.00) cm. Defect width of upper extremity brachial artery and axillary artery group was larger than that of the other three groups (P < 0.01). End to end anastomosis was performed successfully in all cases. Blood supply recovered well. Because of the severe limb infection 2 patients had amputation in the late. All patients received follow-up. The patients without fracture were followed up to 2 weeks postoperatively, all patients with fractures were followed up to 1 year at least. Limb blood supply was good in all patients during the follow-up.

CONCLUSIONBlood vessel defect gap width is different from the actual vessel defect, but is larger than the actual vessel defect. Misjudgment of the vascular defect length will lead to more vascular transplantation. The vast majority of vascular defect can be directly repaired by the method of end to end anastomosis after the vessel free and stretch.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arm ; blood supply ; surgery ; Axillary Artery ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; Young Adult

In current years,there is a tendency for HIV/AIDS to shift to adolescent population,thus HIV/AIDS education aimed at college students is drawing increasing attention from all parts including the governments,colleges and universities,and the whole society.By analyzing the current spreading trend of HIV/AIDS,this thesis introduces the modern teaching methods in HIV/AIDS education and existing problems,and tentatively introduces movie appreciation as a novel teaching approach.The application advantages of movie appreciation and concrete examples from six universities in Shanxi Provinces have also be delivered,aiming to explore a new pattern for HIV/AIDS education among Chinese college students.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and surgical management of Hashimoto's disease.Methods Clinical and pathological datas of 36 cases with Hashimoto's disease from 1995 to 2006 were studied retrospectively.Results 36 cases were all confirmed to be chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis by pathological examination,6 cases,5 cases and 3 cases were apartly accompanied by nodular goiter,thyroid adenoma and thyroid cancer among them;The clinical manifestations before operation included thyroid nodules in 29 cases,thyroid seriously enlarged in 5 cases,thyroid pain in 2 cases;Great partial/subtotal thyroidectomy in one or both part were taken in 23 benign cases,or together with isthmus excision,3 malignant case received total and subtoal thyroidectomy in either part with isthmus and homolateral neck dissection.Conclusions Surgery is actively to be advised when carcinoma under suspicion,thyroid enlarged with pressure symptoms or pain,medication is ineffective.The mode of operation should be selected according to intraoperative frozen section.A long-term substitute medication of thyroxin can help to obtain a good prognosis after operation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between glucose metabolism and dopamine transporter in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods Eleven patients at stage 2~3 of PD and three patients with essential tremor were examined by 18F-FDG PET and 11C-CFT PET in two separate days within four weeks.The regional glucose binding and dopamine transporter binding were assessed with PET specific software in anterior putamen,posterior putamen,caudate nucleus,thalamus and occipital cortex.The tracer uptake rate between the region of interest and occipital cortex was analyzed as the main variables.Results The marked reduction of 18F-FDG uptake and 11C-CFT uptake was observed in posterior putamen in patients with PD.The reduction of tracers uptake in posterior putamen contralateral to onset side was more significant than the posterior putamen ipsilateral to onset side (P

Objective:To investigate the effect of Yiqi Huoxue Jiedu on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods: 60 patients were randomly divided into treatment group receiving Yiqi Huoxue Jiedu treatment,control group receiving vitamin B and routine treatment to improve neural microcirculation.The conduction velocity of all patients’sensory and motor nerves and the scores of the symptoms had been observed.Results: Symptoms and nerve conduction velocity of treatment group and control group had been improved respectively,and the treatment group was superior to control group in clinic symptoms,clinical obvious effective rate and total effective rate.Conclusion: Yiqi Huoxue Jiedu method can improve conduction velocity of sensory and motor nerves,symptoms of anesthesia and pain of limbs of patients with diabetes peripheral neuropathy,and have good effect on diabetes peripheral neuropathy.

Objective To analyze the therapeutic outcomes and adverse effects of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (hd-IVIg) in the treatment of some severe skin diseases (toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug hypersensitivity syndrome, connective tissue disease, autoimmune bullous disease, acute graft-versus-host disease). Methods Twenty-five cases of severe skin diseases were treated with hd-IVIg (0.4 g/kg/day for a course of 5 days). Results The therapeutic outcomes were different from each other. Of all the cases, 21 improved, especially those of acute onset of toxic epidermal necrolysis and drug hypersensitivity syndrome; 1 adult dermatomyositis and 2 elder bullous pemphigoid were not relieved. A patient with acute graft-versus-host disease died. Three patients presented with minor adverse effects (headache and blood pressure rising). Conclusions hd-IVIg is effective and safe in the treatment of some severe skin diseases. More importantly, it has a substantial effect on shortening disease course and decreasing the dosage of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants as well as on preventing infections.

Objective To observe the effect and safety of treating senile abnormal lipid metabolism with LU Zhi-zheng's dampness-removing,turbid-resolving and heart-communicating formula.Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into a treatment,treated with LU's formula,one dosage per day,and a control group,treated with gypenosides,60mg/tablet,three times per day,with 30 patients in each group.Both groups were treated two therapeutic courses,which were 8 weeks.Results Except HDL-C,other indexes including TC,TG,LDL-C in the treatment group were all obviously improved after the treatment [the statistical values were (5.81 ± 1.70) mmol/L,(3.05±2.30) mmol/L,(3.39± 1.11 ) mmol/L respectively,P＜0.01 or 0.05],which were also better than the control group [the statistical values were ( 6.16 ± 1.91 ) mmol/L,( 3.03 ± 1.89 ) mmol/L,(3.81±0.63) mmol/L,P＜0.01 or 0.05].Symptoms improvement such as chest oppression,dizziness,heaviness of head,headache,sticky mouth without thirsty,constipation,nausea and vomiting,and heaviness of limbs in the treatment group were also better than the control group,with mean rank were 23.83、38.10、36.10、34.70、36.77、39.82、33.38、34.17 respectively.No abnormal changes were found in indexes of blood routine,urinary routine,stool routine,ECG,ALT,AST and Cr.Conclusion LU Zhi-zheng's dampness-removing,turbid-resolving and heart-communicating formula improved clinical symptoms and signs of abnormal lipid metabolism patients,its therapeutic effects were better than gypenosides.