Objective To investigate the properties of the abilities of spontaneous counterfactual thinking(SCFT) and induced counterfactual thinking(ICFT) produced by undergraduate students with depressive symptoms.Methods Undergraduates were induced to produce SCFT after recalling a negative event and ICFT after reading a story about a traffic event.Then the undergraduates were demanded to complete the counterfactual inference test(CIT).The amount and rationality of CFT and the scores of CIT were analyzed.Results Mild depressive students(MDS) generated a higher amount of SCFT than non-depressive students(NDS),midrange depressive students and severe depressive students(SVDS)(P0.05).The rationality of SCFT generated by four groups were significantly different(P

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of ulinastatin in preventing pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancre-atography (ERCP).Methods The Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,CNKI,VIP,and Wanfang Data were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs)on ulinastatin for the prevention of post -ERCP pancreatitis published from 1970 to June 2016.Two researchers se-lected RCTs,extracted data,and evaluated methodological quality independently,and RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta -analy-sis.The chi -square test was used for the heterogeneity analysis of RCTs included,and the funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bi-as.Results A total of six RCTs with 923 patients were included in this analysis.Compared with the placebo,ulinastatin had significantly better effects in preventing post -ERCP pancreatitis (OR =0.26,95%CI:0.13 -0.53,P =0.000 2),hyperamylasemia (OR =0.47, 95%CI:0.33 -0.67,P <0.001),and abdominal pain (OR =0.56,95%CI:0.34 -0.91,P =0.020).Compared with gabexate,uli-nastatin had similar effects in preventing post -ERCP pancreatitis,hyperamylasemia,and abdominal pain (P =0.52,0.13,and 0.79);low -dose ulinastatin also had similar effects as gabexate in preventing post -ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia (P =0.49 and 0.25).The funnel plots based on the effect of ulinastatin in preventing post -ERCP pancreatitis were slightly asymmetric,which suggested the presence of publication bias.Conclusion Ulinastatin (≥15 ×104 U)can effectively prevent post -ERCP pancreatitis,hyperlipi-demia,and abdominal pain in the general population and it is recommended to start using this drug before surgery.

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of actual defect length and gap width of the limbs main artery on the method selection of repairing and reconstruction.

METHODSRetrospective study was carried out for 32 patients with extremity main artery injury from 1996 to 2009, including 30 males and 2 females; 30 adults with an average age of 36 years old ranging from 18 to 51 years, 2 children of 4 and 5 years old respectively. Injured body parts involved axillary artery in 4 cases,brachial artery in 7 cases,radial artery in 2 cases, femoral artery in 4 cases, popliteal artery in 13 cases, posterior tibial artery in 2 cases. Main arterial injury defect gap width of all cases were observed and the reasons were analyzed. All cases were repaired by the method of end to end anastomosis after vessels stretch.

RESULTSThe artery defect width was 3 cm to 7 cm with an average of (4.375 +/- 1.200) cm. Defect width of the upper extremity brachial artery and axillary artery group was (5.73 +/- 0.63) cm,the lower extremity femoral and popliteal artery group (3.80 +/- 0.73) cm, the posterior tibial artery group (3.25 +/- 0.35) cm, the radial artery group (3.00 +/- 0.00) cm. Defect width of upper extremity brachial artery and axillary artery group was larger than that of the other three groups (P < 0.01). End to end anastomosis was performed successfully in all cases. Blood supply recovered well. Because of the severe limb infection 2 patients had amputation in the late. All patients received follow-up. The patients without fracture were followed up to 2 weeks postoperatively, all patients with fractures were followed up to 1 year at least. Limb blood supply was good in all patients during the follow-up.

CONCLUSIONBlood vessel defect gap width is different from the actual vessel defect, but is larger than the actual vessel defect. Misjudgment of the vascular defect length will lead to more vascular transplantation. The vast majority of vascular defect can be directly repaired by the method of end to end anastomosis after the vessel free and stretch.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arm ; blood supply ; surgery ; Axillary Artery ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effect and safety of treating senile abnormal lipid metabolism with LU Zhi-zheng's dampness-removing,turbid-resolving and heart-communicating formula.Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into a treatment,treated with LU's formula,one dosage per day,and a control group,treated with gypenosides,60mg/tablet,three times per day,with 30 patients in each group.Both groups were treated two therapeutic courses,which were 8 weeks.Results Except HDL-C,other indexes including TC,TG,LDL-C in the treatment group were all obviously improved after the treatment [the statistical values were (5.81 ± 1.70) mmol/L,(3.05±2.30) mmol/L,(3.39± 1.11 ) mmol/L respectively,P＜0.01 or 0.05],which were also better than the control group [the statistical values were ( 6.16 ± 1.91 ) mmol/L,( 3.03 ± 1.89 ) mmol/L,(3.81±0.63) mmol/L,P＜0.01 or 0.05].Symptoms improvement such as chest oppression,dizziness,heaviness of head,headache,sticky mouth without thirsty,constipation,nausea and vomiting,and heaviness of limbs in the treatment group were also better than the control group,with mean rank were 23.83、38.10、36.10、34.70、36.77、39.82、33.38、34.17 respectively.No abnormal changes were found in indexes of blood routine,urinary routine,stool routine,ECG,ALT,AST and Cr.Conclusion LU Zhi-zheng's dampness-removing,turbid-resolving and heart-communicating formula improved clinical symptoms and signs of abnormal lipid metabolism patients,its therapeutic effects were better than gypenosides.

Objective To investigate the value of extravascular lung water (EVLW) in predicting the prognosis of sepsis acute lung injury (ALI) / acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods Relevant published articles concerned with EVLW both in Chinese and in English from 1991-2011 were searched,and Meta-analysis was carried out with Stata software. Results Seven articles were selected for Meta-analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The results indicated EVLW of dead patients group kept in a high level,while EVLW showed a down-trend in the survival group.The difference in level of EVLW between the two groups became more obvious with the day ( SMDd1＜ SMDd2 ＜ SMDd3 ) ( the 1st day:SMDd1=0.29,95％CI:0.047-0.532; the2nd day:SMDd2=1.64,95％CI:0.14-3.13; the 3rd day:SMDd3 =1.83,95％ CI:0.56-3.10).Conclusions EVLW and its dynamic change in the early stage of sepsis ALI/ARDS could predict the prognosis.This suggested the sustained high level would lead to high mortality.

Objective To evaluate the results of endovascular intervention for infrapopliteal arterial occlusion in 40 patients. Methods There were 41 affected limbs in these 40 patients receiving 44 times of endovascular intervention for infrapopliteal arterial occlusion during Nov. 2006 and Dec. 2007. The average age was 76±6. The ABI(ankle brachial index)before intervention was 0.39±0.20 in anterior tibial artery and 0.39±0.23 in posterior tibial artery. CLI (critical limb ischemia) was 80.49% (33/41). Results The after intervention ABI increased by 0.43±0.22 (P<0.01) in anterior tibial artery and 0.43±0.25(P<0.01)in posterior tibial artery. 35 patients (36 limbs) were followed-up for (6±3) months. The limbs of Fontaine Ⅰ and Fontaine Ⅱ A were 28 (77.78%), CLI decreased to 19.44% (7/36) (P<0.01). At follow-up the ABI in anterior tibial artery was 0.63±0.22 and 0.56±0.22 in posterior tibial artery. The difference were all significant when compared with that before intervention and after intervention. The perioperative amputation rate was 0. The perioperative mortality rate was 2.5%. The total mortality rate was 15%. The limb salvage rate were 100%. Conclusion The effect of endovascular intervention for infrapopliteal arterial occlusion is satisfactory.

Objective To investigate the value of plasma soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 as a diagnosis marker of sepsis.Methods Articles on plasma soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 as a marker of sepsis which were public published in the PubMed,Ovid,Springer,Wanfang database from 1991-2012 were searched and conducted a meta-analysis by MetaDiSc and Stata.Results Seven articles were selected to the meta-analysis according to the inclusion criteria,of which cut-off values varied signicantly from studies.Due to the data heterogeneity (I2 ＞ 50％,P ＜0.05),random model was used to pool the effect sizes.The overall combined effect sizes:sensitivity =81％ (95％CI:0.76-0.86); specificity =81％ (95％ CI:0.76-0.86); DOR =30.03 (95％ CI:7.89-114.37) ; AUC of SROC =0.905 9; Q*-0.837 6.Deek' s funnel plot showed little publication bias.Conclusions Plasma soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 may be a useful adjunctive tool for the diagnosis of sepsis.However,further studies are needed in order to identify the best cut-off value in the diagnosis of sepsis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between glucose metabolism and dopamine transporter in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods Eleven patients at stage 2~3 of PD and three patients with essential tremor were examined by 18F-FDG PET and 11C-CFT PET in two separate days within four weeks.The regional glucose binding and dopamine transporter binding were assessed with PET specific software in anterior putamen,posterior putamen,caudate nucleus,thalamus and occipital cortex.The tracer uptake rate between the region of interest and occipital cortex was analyzed as the main variables.Results The marked reduction of 18F-FDG uptake and 11C-CFT uptake was observed in posterior putamen in patients with PD.The reduction of tracers uptake in posterior putamen contralateral to onset side was more significant than the posterior putamen ipsilateral to onset side (P

Objective:To investigate the effect of Yiqi Huoxue Jiedu on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods: 60 patients were randomly divided into treatment group receiving Yiqi Huoxue Jiedu treatment,control group receiving vitamin B and routine treatment to improve neural microcirculation.The conduction velocity of all patients’sensory and motor nerves and the scores of the symptoms had been observed.Results: Symptoms and nerve conduction velocity of treatment group and control group had been improved respectively,and the treatment group was superior to control group in clinic symptoms,clinical obvious effective rate and total effective rate.Conclusion: Yiqi Huoxue Jiedu method can improve conduction velocity of sensory and motor nerves,symptoms of anesthesia and pain of limbs of patients with diabetes peripheral neuropathy,and have good effect on diabetes peripheral neuropathy.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and surgical management of Hashimoto's disease.Methods Clinical and pathological datas of 36 cases with Hashimoto's disease from 1995 to 2006 were studied retrospectively.Results 36 cases were all confirmed to be chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis by pathological examination,6 cases,5 cases and 3 cases were apartly accompanied by nodular goiter,thyroid adenoma and thyroid cancer among them;The clinical manifestations before operation included thyroid nodules in 29 cases,thyroid seriously enlarged in 5 cases,thyroid pain in 2 cases;Great partial/subtotal thyroidectomy in one or both part were taken in 23 benign cases,or together with isthmus excision,3 malignant case received total and subtoal thyroidectomy in either part with isthmus and homolateral neck dissection.Conclusions Surgery is actively to be advised when carcinoma under suspicion,thyroid enlarged with pressure symptoms or pain,medication is ineffective.The mode of operation should be selected according to intraoperative frozen section.A long-term substitute medication of thyroxin can help to obtain a good prognosis after operation.