RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) is a multiligand receptor on the cell surface.Ligand-RAGE inter-actions activate several signal transduction pathways that propa-gate cellular oxidative stress and inflammatory response.RAGE expressed on the CD4 + T cells has been identified as a central transduction receptor which affects the activation,proliferation, migration and differentiation of the cells.In addition,blockade of RAGE suppressed the development of multiple immune-related
disorders mediated by CD4 + T cells.These studies highlight the importance of RAGE and its ligands for CD4 + T cells.This arti-cle briefly reviews the role of RAGE and its ligands on the prolif-eration,migration and differentiation of CD4 + T cells and sum-marizes the related research progress.

Objective To analyze the change of serum levels of neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and C reactive protein (CRP) and their early diagnostic value in hand‐foot‐mouth disease (HFMD) complicating encephalitis .Methods One hundred and twenty cases of HFMD and 50 healthy children(healthy control group) served as the research subjects and the HFMD cases were divided into the common HFMD group (n=70) and HFMD complicating encephalitis group (n=50) according to the clinical manifesta‐tions .The enterovirus 71 (EV71) in throat swab was detected by quantitative PCR .The NSE and CRP levels were detected by en‐zyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ,and white blood cell (WBC) count was measured by hematology analyzer .The NSE and CRP levels were compared and their diagnostic values were analyzed .Results The serum NSE and CRP levels in the HFMD complicating encephalitis group were higher than those in the HFMD common group and control group ,the differences were statis‐tically significant (P< 0 .05) ,and which in the EV71 positive group were significantly higher than those in the EV71 negative group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,but WBC count had no statistically significant difference (P>0 .05) . The serum NSE level was positively correlated with the CRP level (r=0 .43 ,P<0 .01) .The area under ROC curves (AUC) and 95% CI of NSE and CRP were 0 .893(95% CI:0 .833 -0 .952) and 0 .867(95% CI:0 .799 -0 .934) ,the optimal operating points (OOP) were 11 .6 ng/mL and 14 .15 mg/L respectively ,the sensitivity and specificity of NSE and CRP for diagnosing HFMD com‐plicating encephalitis were 80 .0% ,86 .00% and 81 .4% ,78 .6% respectively ,while which of their combined detection were 88 .0%and 85 .7% ,AUC and 95% CI was 0 .927(95% CI:0 .845-0 .969) .Conclusion The NSE and CRP levels in children patients with early HFMD complicating encephalitis are significantly increased ,especially which in the patients with EV71 positive is more signif‐icant .The combined detection of serum NSE and CRP levels can be used as the early sensitive indicators for diagnosing HFMD complicating encephalitis .

Objective To explore the localization and expression of dopaminergic neurons in olfactory bulb of cynomolgus monkeys damaged by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).Methods Three adult cynomolgus monkeys were injected with MPTP to induce the damage of dopamine neurons ( MPTP group ) and three adult cynomolgus monkeys were as a control group .Immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the localization and expression of dopaminergic neurons in the olfactory bulb in normal and MPTP group monkeys .The numbers of DA-positive and DARPP32-positive cells were counted and the average absorbance was measured in normal and MPTP group .Results DA and DARPP32 positive neurons were concentrated in the glomerular layer ( GL) of olfactory bulb.DA positive nerve fibers were distributed in the GL while DARPP 32 positive nerve fibers appeared in all layers , and most nerve fibers were in GL and external plexiform layers (EPL).After MPTP injury, compared with the normal control group , DA and DARPP32 positive neurons and nerve fibers decreased in MPTP group and DA neurons and nerve fibers decreased significantly . Conclusions DA neurons and nerve fibers are in the GL of cynomolgus monkey olfactory bulb .DA neurons and fibers are significantly reduced in the olfactory bulb of cynomolgus monkeys damaged by MPTP , which may be associated with the dysosmia in Parkinson ’ s disease .

Objective:To observe the effect of liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method on the resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),and to provide evidence for the effect mechanism study and clinical application of acupuncture intervention for PTSD.Methods:Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank control group,a model group,a grasping group,a paroxetine group and an acupuncture group,with 12 rats in each group.Except for rats in the blank control group,rats in the other groups were subjected to preparing the PTSD models using 'incarceration plus electric shock' method.After interventions,changes in rat behavior of each group were observed;changes in resting-state EEG were collected and analyzed with multichannel EEG acquisition and analysis system,and image analysis and statistical processing were performed.Results:Compared with the blank control group,the average escape latency in the model group was significantly longer (P＜0.05),and the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas were all significantly reduced (P＜0.01).Compared with the grasping group,the average escape latencies in the paroxetine group and acupuncture group were significantly shortened (P＜0.05),and the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas were all significantly increased (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the average escape latency,the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas between the acupuncture group and paroxetine group (all P＞0.05).Compared with the blank control group,the α-wave power spectrum value in the model group was significantly decreased,and the power spectrum values of β-wave,δ-wave and a-wave were significantly increased (all P＜0.01);compared with the grasping group,α-wave power spectrum values in the paroxetine group and acupuncture group were significantly increased (both P＜0.01),and the power spectrum values of β-wave,δ-wave and a-wave were decreased significantly (all P＜0.01).The power spectrum values of α-wave,β-wave,δ-wave and (e)-wave of rats in the acupuncture group were not significantly different from those in the paroxetine group (all P＞0.05).Conclusion:Liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method can significantly improve the abnormal EEG activity in PTSD rats,which may be one mechanism of liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method in effectively affecting the brain function in PTSD rats.

Interaction teaching model of teaching and studying exchanging,simulation scenes,and clinical scientific research training were developed in medical interns.With the helps of such teaching model,rapid progresses of studying interests,activi- ties,and abilities were found in such pediatric interns.Under grasping basic pediatrics knowledge according to teaching program, they all have multiple abilities of clinical practices,medical teaching,and scientific research to a degree.The interaction teaching model which regards student as principal part plays a very important role in the development of pediatric probation quality.

CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Killer Cells, Natural ; metabolism ; pathology ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; metabolism ; Leukosialin ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVEBy the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with GP73 content to explore its significance for liver cancer diagnosis and clinical treatment.

METHODSUp-converting phosphor immunochromatography methods was used for detection of serum GP73 in 302 cases of liver cancer, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis patients and normal control, application electrochemiluminescence detection of AFP as a comparison. And ROC curve analysis of its diagnostic performance, and patients with HCC before and after treatment GP73 periodic testing of the treatment effect.

RESULTSGP73 content of liver cancer patients was (160.83 +/- 37.24) ng/ml, significantly higher than the chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis patients and normal controls. The area under ROC curve for GP73 diagonosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis was 0. 907 which higher than the area under the ROC curve of AFP was 0. 727. Determine 110 ng/ml most of its critical value, the sensitivity was 84.7%, specificity was 75.8%; liver cancer patients with AFP < 400 ng/ml, detection rate of GP73 was 71.15%; the GP73 content after treatment showing an overall downward trend.

CONCLUSIONGP73 has a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of HCC can add to the AFP's lack of sensitivity that can be used to monitor liver cancer treatment.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; diagnosis ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Pharmaceutical standard system which belongs to an important part of national drug policies is an inevitable result of the development of pharmacy. There was a long standing of pharmaceutical standard system in China whose germination could be traced back to Qin and Han dynasties, and it had laid a solid foundation for the establishment and improvement of modern pharmaceutical standard system by continual accumulation from the past dynasties. Since the founding of new China, distinguished achievements had been obtained on pharmaceutical standardization working,and currently it is in a new developing stage. There was a brief description in this paper on the development history of pharmaceutical standard system in China.
China ; Dosage Forms ; standards ; Education, Pharmacy ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; history ; standards ; Pharmaceutical Services ; history ; standards ; Pharmacy ; history ; standards ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical efficacy of needle-knife to cut off the medial branch of the lumbar posterior ramus under C-arm guiding to treat low back pain caused by lumbar facet osteoarthritis.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to June 2011, 60 patients with low back pain caused by lumbar facet osteoarthritis were reviewed,including 34 males and 26 females, ranging in age from 39 to 73 years old,averaged 61.9 years old; the duration of the disease ranged from 6 to 120 months, with a mean of 18.9 months. All the patients were divided into two groups, 30 patients (18 males and 12 females, ranging in age from 39 to 71 years old, needle-knife group) were treated with needle-knife to cut off medial branch of the lumbar posterior ramus under C -arm guiding and the other 30 patients(16 males and 14 females, ranging in age from 41 to 73 years old, hormone injection group) were treated with hormone injection in lumbar facet joint under C-arm guiding. The preoperative JOA scores and the scores at the 1st, 12th and 26th weeks after treatment were analyzed.

RESULTSBefore treatment,the JOA scores between the two groups had no significant difference (P= 0.479); after 1 week of treatment, the JOA scores between the two groups had significant difference (P= 0.040), the improvement rate of hormone injection group was superior than that of the needle-knife group,which were (58.73+/-18.20)% in needle-knife group and (71.10+/-22.19)% in hormone injection group; after 12 weeks of treatment, the JOA scores between the two groups had no significant difference(P=0.569), and the improvement rate between the two groups had no significant difference,which were (50.09+/-19.33)% in the needle-knife group and (48.70+/-18.36)%) in the hormone injection group; after 26 weeks of treatment,the JOA scores between the two groups had significant difference (P=0.000), the improvement rate of hormone injection group was superior than that of the needle-knife group,which were (48.56+/-28.24)% in needle-knife group and (15.62+/-11.23 )% in hormone injection group.

CONCLUSIONUsing needle-knife to cut off the medial branch of the lumbar posterior ramus could get longer efficacy than hormone injection in the treatment of lumbar facet osteoarthritis.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; etiology ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Spine ; complications ; surgery ; Spinal Nerves ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features of one pair of twin neonates with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) in the Chinese Han population and pathogenic mutations in related genes, and to provide guidance for the early diagnosis and treatment of MSUD.

METHODSThe clinical and imaging data of the twin neonates were collected. The peripheral blood samples were collected from the twin neonates and their parents to detect the genes related to MSUD (BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DBT, and DLD). The loci with gene mutations were identified, and a bioinformatic analysis was performed.

RESULTSTwo mutations were detected in the BCKDHB gene, missense mutation c.304G>A (p.Gly102Arg) and nonsense mutation c.331C>T (p.Arg111*), and both of them were heterozygotes. The mutation c.304G>A (p.Gly102Arg) had not been reported in the world. Their father carried the missense mutation c.304G>A (p.Gly102Arg), and their mother carried the nonsense mutation c.331C>T (p.Arg111*).

CONCLUSIONSThe c.331C>T (p.Arg111*) heterozygous mutation in BCKDHB gene is the pathogenic mutation in these twin neonates and provides a genetic and molecular basis for the clinical features of children with MSUD.

3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide) ; genetics ; Diseases in Twins ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Maple Syrup Urine Disease ; genetics ; Mutation