This article reviewed hot spot and problems in the research of the senile dementia,and proposal the researching thoughts and the tentative treament plan of this disease.

Although the key role of External Quality Assessment schemes ( EQAS ) in the standardization/harmonization process has been clear from the start, it has never been totally implemented, mainly due to the lack of commutable materials, the difficulty target values and acceptable range.EQAS may also improve standardization/harmonization by proposing rules for the post-examination phase.Improvements in standardization and harmonization will really be able to work under the joint efforts of stakeholders.

Quality indicators (QIs)in laboratory medicine can measure how well a clinical laboratory meets the needs and re-quirements of users and the quality of all operational processes.The identification of reliable QIs is a crucial step in enabling users to quantify the quality of laboratory services.Different QIs and terminologies are currently used and,therefore,there is the need to harmonize proposed QIs.A model of quality indicators has been consensually developed by a group of clinical la-boratories according to a project launched by a working group of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and La-boratory Medicine.The model includes 57 QIs related to key processes (35 pre-,7 intra-and 15 post-examination phases)and 3 to support processes.The developed a model of quality indicators and the data collected provide evidence of the feasibility of the project to harmonize currently available QIs,but further efforts should be done to involve more clinical laboratories and to collect a more consistent amount of data.

FISH technology has become a routine technique in many clinical laboratories.It can be used for the examination of genetic aberrations that are too small to visualize by conventional cytogenetic assays,but too large to detect by standard DNA sequencing.Today,FISH applications are used not only in medical genetics,but also in many other disciplines including neuroscience,evolutionary biology,microbiology,pathology,toxicology,and reproductive genetics.As FISH technology keep developing,the requirement of the results of FISH is increasingly high.This paper described the quality management for FISH detailedly,aimed at improving the accuracy and reliability of the result of FISH,satisfying the requirements of clini-cians and patients and improving the healthcare quality and outcome of patients,hoping for providing some references for la-boratories who develop FISH technology.

The right internal quality control rules are really important for improving the quality of patient results report in clinical laboratory.In order to look for faster and simpler tools that will help laboratories select the right internal quality con-trol rules for their own applications,recently Westgard introduced a newer tool “Westgard Sigma Rules”which is quicker and easier to use than previous tools.And it is very easy to figure out the right internal quality control rules by using West-gard Sigma Rules.This article introduced the characteristics and usage of original Westgard Rules and sigma metrics graph, and focusing on the application methods and practices of Westgard Sigma Rules which is the combination of original West-gard Rules and sigma metrics graph.Once the sigma quality of the tests and methods in laboratories are calculated,the West-gard Sigma Rules diagram can make it easy to select the right control rules and the right number of control measurements.

ObjectiveTo discuss treatment experiencing in femur periprothetic fracture after hip arthroplasty in pre-, intra- and post-surgery.Methods From March 2005 to May 2011, 27 patients (11 males, 16 females) aged ＞75 years with femur periprothetic fracture after hip replacement were studied. The mean time from primary hip replacement to femur perprosthetic fracture was 63 months(ranging from 7 to 83 months). According to vanconver classification, type A applying steel wire of character for 8 bind technique was 5 cases, type B applying prolonging stem technique locking compress plate (LCP)technique surrounding instrument technique was 19 cases and type C applying bone graft and plate fixation technique was 3 cases. All patients were followed up from 9 to 25 months (average, 16 months). The results of treatment were evaluated by Harris score and X rays. Results Bony heal was obtained in 22 patients and was not obtained in five cases among whom bony heal occurred in 3 cases and 2 patients could only keep prothetic and limb stable after receiving the bone graft once more. Walking was free in 14 cases,9 cases needed assistant walking instrument,and only 4 cases stayed in the bed freely. Harris score for last follow-up was 52 to 93 (mean 76).Conclusions Based on the patient general status, the fracture types and practical and stable principle, the effective methods can get good results in the treatment of femur periprosthetic fracture in aged patient.

ObjectiveTo research in the essence of the caring experience of caregiver for children with eye enucleation, to find out the caring experience and caregiver's needs, to give them physical and mental nursing in order to make them cooperate with us and implement effective treatment to children.Methods12 caregivers for children with eye enucleation were given semi-structured interviews. The materials were analyzed, putted in order, and themes were got.ResultsThrough deep interview of 12 caregivers, five titles were summarized:overburdened psychology, limited schedule, requirement of health information, overload economic burden, to return and rebuild.ConclusionsThe results could help nurses to give more correct health education and psychological care to caregivers. Then caregivers can cooperate with nurses to give effective treatment to children, thus life quality of children with eye enucleation will be improved a lot.

Objective To investigate the effect of nursing interventions on the quality of life after radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal cancer. Methods 56 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer who received radiotherapy were randomly divided into control group and intervention group. All the patients were given conventional nursing interventions, and those in the intervention group were given accurate evaluation, enhanced psychological guide, reasonable dietary guide, and special nursing for preventing and treating complications. All the patients were evaluated by using quality of life questionnaire core 30 items(QOL-C30). Results The scores of the dimensions of somatic function,psychological function, social function and material life after interventions in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05 ). Conclusion Nursing interventions can improve the quality of life, and the therapy can be completed smoothly.

BACKGROUND:Lumbar disc herniation is the most common cause of lumbago in clinic, which seriously affect the patient's daily life, study and work. Therefore, studies on biomechanics of lumbar intervertebral disk benefit to prevent and treat the diseases associated with lumbar intervertebral disk. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biomechanical progress of lumbar intervertebral disk. METHODS: The first author retrieved China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed database for literatures published from 2009 to 2014. The key words were intervertebral disc, nucleus pulposus, biomechanics, fibrosis annulus, cartilage in Chinese and English, respectively. Articles regarding biomechanical characteristics of lumbar intervertebral disk, nucleus pulposus, fibrosis annulus and cartilage were included, and repetitive studies were excluded. Totaly 5 072 articles were retrieved initialy. In accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:We can fuly understand the pathogenesis, development and adverse consequences of diseases related to the lumbar intervertebral disk by summarizing the structural features and internal pressure of lumbar intervertebral disk and the effect of different loads, biomechanical characteristics of lumbar intervertebral disk with degenerative changes and establishment of mechanical model of lumbar intervertebral disk. It is of directive significance for daily health care of the lumbar intervertebral disk and how to better use force, a physical factor, to solve the lumbar intervertebral disk problems.

The mutation status of calreticulin gene (CALR) is helpful for the diagnosis of JAK2 / MPL mutation-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and is closely related to the MPN progression and prognosis.Currently, Sanger sequencing, PCR-fragment analysis, high resolution melting, Taqman RQPCRand the next generation sequencing have been reported to be used to detecting the CALR gene mutations.A proper method for CALR mutation detection and a right laboratory diagnostic procedure according to the MPN-related molecular markers will facilitate the rapid and effective diagnosis and treatment of MPN.