Animals ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Phytotherapy

Objective To investigate the distribution of ompA gnne in 15 Chinese reference standard strains belonging to 15 serogroups of Leptospira interrogate, and to express recombinant OmpA ( rOmpA ) and to identify immunogenicity and immunoprotection of rOmpA. Methods Genomic DNAs from different leptospiral strains were extracted by phenol-chloroform method. Entire ompA gene fragments from the strains were amplified by PCR and then sequenced after T-A cloning. A prokaryotic expression system of ompA gene from L. interrogans strain 56601 was constructed, and the expression and yield of rOmpA were determined by SOS-PAGE plus Bio-Rad Agarose Image Analyser. Rabbits were immunized with rOmpA for obtaining antiserum, and immunodiffusion test was used to measure the antiserum's titer. Western blot assay was performed to determine the immunoreaetivity of rOmpA with the antiserum against rOmpA and antiserum against whole cell of L. interrogans strain 56601, while mi-croscopic agglutination test (MAT) was applied to detect the cross agglutination to the 15 L. interrogans strains. A leptospire adhering cell model and a leptospire infecting guinea pigs model were used to determine the adhesion-bloc-king effect of rOmpA antiserum and immunoprotection of rOmpA. Results All the 15 L. interrogans strains, but not L. biflexa strain Patoe Ⅰ , had sequence conserved ompA genes. The yield of rOmpA was approximate 20% of the total bacterial proteins, rOmpA could induce rabbits to produce antibody and immunodiffusion titer of the anti-serum was 1:4. Both antisera against rOmpA and against whole cell of L. interrogans strain 56601 were able to pro-duce positive Western blot signs to rOmpA, and the former offered 1 : 20-1 : 320 MAT titers to the 15 L. interrogans strains. 1: 10-1:160 dilutions of rOmpA antiserum could efficiently block L. interrogans strain 56601 adhering to J774A. 1 cells, and 100 μg and 200 μg rOmpA displayed 50.0% and 75.0% immunoprotective rates in the infee-ted guinea pigs. Conclusion ompA gene only exists in genomes of different pathogenic L. interrogans serogroups. rOmpA has relatively stronger antigenicity, cross immunoreactivity and certain immunoprotection, implying that this recombinant protein may be used as a candidate antigen for developing universal genetic engineering vaccine of L. interrogans.

AIM To examine the effects of lovastatin, probucol on the intracellular cholesterol content and cholesterol efflux. METHODS With the model of foam cells through depositing the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OXLDL) into mouse peritoneal macrophages, intracellular cholesterol content was examined by high performance liquid chromatography after the administration of lovastatin and probucol at different concentration. RESULTS The CE/TC ratios of the model group were beyond 50% and extremely higher than those of the normal and negative groups, suggesting that the model of foam cells was established triumphantly. Lovastatin decreased intracellular TC, CE and CE/TC significantly and dose-dependently. Probucol also possessed such effects on intracellular TC, CE, but no dose-dependently, and no effect on the ratio of CE/TC. CONCLUSION The results showed lovastatin might be conducive to plagues stability by increasing cholesterol efflux from the foam cells and decreasing the intracellular cholesterol content. Probucol did not have this effect although it decreased intracellular TC and CE content.

In 2015 , policy reforms on centralized drug purchasing system have been released one by one , and the quality of medicines has been highly valued .Centralized drug purchasing system distinguishes different qualities of drugs mainly through bidding grouping , in order to achieve “uality priority”.However , there are yet some existing problems in group bidding policy at present , such as lack of a unified hierarchy , no scientific indicators and so on , which inevitably weaken the leading role of centralized purchasing policy over the quality of medicines .This paper , focuses on the study of group bidding , and the existing main problems are found through the statistical analysis of rel-evant policies introduced in different provinces .Finally, it explores some optimization strategies for “Group Bidding”which is of paramount importance .

Objective:To provide a normal reference range for anogenital distance (AGD) in full-term neonates and to investigate factors possibly affecting neonatal AGD.Methods:Neonates with gestational age ≥37 weeks who were delivered in the Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from November 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled.General information on mothers and newborns were collected and neonatal AGD were measured.The distance from the male anus center to the base of the scrotum was determined to be the male AGD, and the distance from the female anus center to the posterior labia was recorded as the female AGD.The effects of maternal and neonatal factors on neonatal AGD were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 078 newborns were included, including 586 males and 492 females.Male AGD [(22.90±3.80) mm] was significantly greater than female AGD [(11.80±2.10) mm] ( t=22.316, P<0.05). The AGD of singleton neonates was significantly greater than that of neonatal twins [males: (23.01±3.82) mm vs.(21.18±1.88) mm, females: (11.89±2.08) mm vs.(10.98±1.75) mm, t=26.185, 18.326, all P<0.05]. Neonatal gestational age, birth weight, head circumference and length were significantly associated with AGD (all P<0.05). Maternal factors (including age, height, weight, body mass index, gravidity, parity, occupation, etc.) were not significantly associated with neonatal AGD (all P>0.05). The AGD of 10 children with genital malformation was significantly smaller than that of males with normal genital appearance [(22.89±1.99) mm vs.(23.55±3.78) mm]( t=15.362, P=0.006). Conclusions:The reference ranges of AGD in full-term males and females in Shanghai are(22.90±3.80) mm and (11.80±2.10) mm, respectively.The neonatal gestational age, birth weight, head circumference and length may be the intrinsic factors affecting neonatal AGD.

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of complications in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods 80 CP children were recruited.Their parents were interviewed for high risk factors and feeding his- tory.Each case was assessed neurologically for type of CP and diagnosed for complications.And all cases were detect- ed by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of the brain.Results Among 80 patients,60 cases(75%)suffered from complications,the majority patients had difficulty in taking in food,intelligence retardation,hearing impediment and vision impediment.The prevalence rate of complications with mixed CP was 85 %.MRI abnormalities of the brain were accounted for 74.5 % and periventrieular leakomalacia(PVL)was more common(45.1%).Conclusion This study suggested timely rehabiliatation and interventions must be started to significantly improve the levels of intelli- gence.And the epilepsy and nonepileptic events must be identified to avoid mistakes in diagnosis.

Objective To understand the heterochro-Matin-associated protein 1(HP1-γ) expression during the carcinogenesis and progresston of esophageal carcmoma,and preliminarily investigate the supertortty of using laser scanning cytometer to analyze immunohistochemistry results compared to traditional scoring methods.Methods A tissue microarray containing different grades of esophageal carcinoma was selected and the HP1-γ expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.The results of immunohistochemistry were analyzed quantitatively by using laser scanning cytometer.The correlation of results analyzed by using laser scanning cytometer and traditional scoring methods was analyzed by chi square test.Results The HP1-γ was primarily expressed in the nucleus.The positive rate of HP1-γ in normal esophagus,moderate-severe atypical hyperplasia，in situ carcinoma and squamous cancer was 37.5% (3/8),100%(21/21),100%(7/7) and 23.7% (9/38),respectively,with the difference being statistically significant among normal esophagus，oderate-severe atypical hyperplasia plus in situ carcinoma and squamous cancer(P<0.01).There was a high correlation between the results analyzed by laser scanning cytometer and those by traditional scoring methods under a light microscope(P<0.01).Conclusion HP1-γ may play a resistant role in the transformation from normal esophageal cells to malignant cells.Compared to the traditionally artificial scoring methods,there are many advantages such as high resolution,high objectivity and accuracy when using laser scanning cytometer to analyze the immunohisto chemistry results.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Alopecia ; pathology ; Bone Diseases, Developmental ; pathology ; Diarrhea ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity ; pathology ; Syndrome

Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Vaginal Neoplasms ; secondary

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of sodium fluoride on the morphologic characteristics of primarily cultured thyroid cells of SD rats and in order to obtain important proof for approaehing the mechani8m of thyroid gland damage caused by fluoride.Methods Thyroid cells of SD rat were primarily culture for 96 hours,and cell density was adjusted to 5.0×108/L Cell suspension with 5 ml Wills seeded into 6 weII plates,after 12 hours,0(contr01),10.100,1000 μmol/L of sodium fluoride was added into the well, witll each well representing different level of treatment group.Finally the cultured thyroid cells were collected for morph010gic study.Results Under microscope,the transparency of the control thyroid cells Was good,and cells gathered in cluster and adhered to wall.But a lot of cells treated with fluoride suspended,and lost their transparency-under scaning delectron microscope,the control calls showed integrated membrane and tightness to each other,as well as clear boundary between cells normal proliferation.While the thyroid cells treated with 10,100 μmol/L sodium fluoride 0bviouslv shrinked and deformed,and the cells treated with 1000 μmol/L of sodium fluoride were broken-Conclusions nuoride can affect the growth and development of thyroid cell and damage the structure and morphology.Sodium fluoride affects the morphologie characteristics of thyroid cells in a dose-response manner.