Objective To study the inhibitory effects of stachyose on the hyperacute rejection in pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation.Methods A pig-to-human xenogeneic heart transplantation model was established based on an in vitro free heart blood perfusion system.The pig hearts were di- vided into two groups:group A(pig hearts treated with human blood perfusion as control)and group B(pig hearts treated with human blood plus stachyose perfusion).After perfusion for 1h,the heart xenografts were examined for deposit of lgG and IgM by immunohistochemistry and pathological analy sis.Results The mean survival time of perfusion hearts in groups A and B was(9.5?2.5)min and (46.8?8.1)min respectively(P

Objective To compare the clinical data of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and chronic hepatitis B so that to provide pathological evidence for management of chronic HBV carriers with different alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels.MethodsLiver biopsies were performed in totally of 292 cases of chronic HBV infection.The subjects were divided into HBV carrier group (G0-G1 and S0-S1) and hepatitis group (G＞ 1 and/or S＞ 1) according to the pathological diagnosis. The relationships between different age subgroups, different ALT level subgroups and pathological diagnosis were analyzed. Meanwhile,other clinical,biochemical,and iconographic indexes which were possibly related to the pathology diagnosis were compared. The multivariate analysis was done by Logistic regression equation (withdrawal method, maximum likelihood method) to definite the independent influencing factors of pathologically diagnosed with chronic HBV carrier.ResultsAmong the 292 patients,140 (47.9％) were pathologically diagnosed with chronic HBV carries and 152 (52.1％)were chronic hepatitis B. There were statistical differences between ≤35 years group and 36-40 years,＞40 years group (x2 =3.936 and 8.534,respectively; P =0.047 and 0.003,respectively). There were statistical difference among patients with ALT＜0.5×upper limit normal (ULN),(0.5-1.0) ×ULN,(1.1-1.5) ×ULN,(1.6-2.0) ×ULN and ＞2.0 × ULN (x2 =55.314,P＜0.01),while there was no significant difference between (1.1-1.5) × ULN and ＞2.0 × ULN (x2 =3.810,P=0.051). Multivariate analysis indicated that course of disease,alcohol consumption,ALT,HBV DNA level and the surface of liver (smooth or not smooth)detected by ultrasonography were independent influencing factors of pathological diagnosis of chronic HBV carriers (OR =0.995,0.224,0.516,1.308 and 0.270,respectively; P=0.005,0.007,0.000,0.025 and 0.001,respectively).ConclusionLiver biopsy is much meaningful in patients with age ＞35 years old and ALT (1-2)× ULN.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a kind of opportunistic pathogen which can cause a wide range of serious infections clinically.These infections are often associated with the formation of biofilm, and are difficult to treat due to the complexity of mechanisms.Some studies have showed that genotype and phenotype of biofilm PA will change, and biofilm PA will aggregate together and secrete extracellular polymeric substance.Therefore, innate immune system could not recognize the camouflaged antigens.Besides, biofilm PA can secrete a variety of virulent factors to hamper the function of innate immune system.This article introduces the main chronic infection caused by PA biofilm and the relationship between biofilm PA and natural innate immune system.

This study aimed to construct the dual-gene expression vector pHsa-miR16-siRNA which can express human miR-16 and HBV X siRNA,and examine its regulatory effect on HBV gene expression in the HepG2.2.15 cell line.The expression vectors siR-1583 and pHsa-miR16-siRNA were designed and constructed.HepG2.2.15 cells were transfected with the empty vector,siR-1583,pmiR-16 and pHsa-miR16-siRNA,respectively.ELISA was performed to measure the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the culture supematant 48 and72 h post transfection.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to measure the HBV mRNA degradation efficiency and HBV DNA copy number.The results showed that the expression of HBV genes was significantly inhibited in HepG2.2.15 cells transfected with siR-1583,pmiR-16 and pHsa-miR16-siRNA,respectively,when compared with that in cells transfected with the empty vectors,with the inhibitory effect of pHsa-miR16-siRNA being the most significant.ELISA showed that the inhibitory rates of HBsAg and HBeAg in pHsa-miR16-siRNA transfected cells were correspondingly 87.3％ and 85.0％ at 48 h,and 88.6％ and 86.5％ at 72 h post transfection (P＜0.01vs.control group).RT-PCR showed that the level of HBV mRNA decreased by 80.2％ (t=-99.22,P＜0.01),the genomic HBV DNA by 92.8％ (t=-73.06,P＜0.01),and the supernatant of HBV DNA copy number by 89.8％ (t=-47.13,P＜0.01) in pHsa-miR16-siRNA transfected group.It was suggested that the dual-gene expression vector pHsa-miR16-siRNA can inhibit the replication of HBV more efficiently than a single-gene expression vector.

Objective To verify the value of routine laboratory markers for assessment of liver fibrosis status in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers.Methods A total of 196 patients who were clinically diagnosed with chronic HBV carriers with liver biopsy and routine laboratory test were included in this study. The data of complete blood count, aspartate aminofransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT),aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and ageplatelet index (API) were collected and calculated.Patients were divided into group S0 (n=112) and group S1- S3 (n =84) based on liver fibrosis stages.Measurement data were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test and enumeration data were analyzed by chi square test.Results All 196 enrolled HBV carriers were HBV DNA positive,with 156 (79.6％) HBeAg-positive.Age,ALT,AST,AST/ALT,APRI and API were all significantly higher in group S1- S3 than those in group S0 (statistic value=7.705,6.33,7.095,4.977,11.059,8.936,respectively; all P＜0.05).However,PLT level was lower in the former group compared to that in the latter group (statistic value=10.196,P＜0.05 ).The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of APRI and API were 0.827and 0.829,respectively.The highest sensitivity and negative prediction value (NPV) were 70.46 ％and 71.43 ％ respectively when using API.The best specificity and positive prediction value (PPV)was 92.94％ and 92.86％,respectively when using APRI.When APRI≥0.30 was used as the cut-off of liver fibrosis,97.62 ％ of 119 patients were diagnosed with liver fibrosis; when API≥4.0 was used as the cut-off of liver fibrosis, 96.43％ of 112 patients were diagnosed with liver fibrosis.Conclusion APRI and API are two simple and feasible non-invasive biochemical markers that can be used to determine liver fibrosis status in chronic HBV carriers.

Macrophages are involved in many important biological processes and membrane proteins are the key effector molecules for their functions. However, membrane proteins are difficult to analyze by 2-DE based method because of their intrinsic tendency to self-aggregate during the first dimension separation (IEF). To circumvent the obstacle hampering membrane protein analysis, we combined one-dimensional SDS-PAGE with capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using this technique, we identified 458 GO annotated membrane proteins with extremely high confidence, including most known markers of peritoneal macrophages (e.g., CD11b, F4/80, CD14, CD18, CD86, CD44, CD16 and Toll-like receptor). Thirteen other CD antigens and 18 Ras-related small GTPase were also identified. In addition to those known macrophage membrane proteins, a significant number of novel proteins have also been identified. This research provides a valuable data set of macrophage membrane proteins, thus allowing for more comprehensive study of membrane proteins and a better understanding of the function mechanisms of macrophages in many biological processes.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the treatment of upper lip atrophy resulted by previous therapy.

METHODSFrom Mar. 2008 to Mar. 2012, 4 cases with upper lip atrophy resulted by radiotherapy and sclerosing agent injection were treated with lower orbicularis oris muscle flap wrapped by acellular dermis. The thickness and height of upper lip were increased to improve the lip atrophy.

RESULTSPrimary wound healing was achieved in all the 4 cases. All the patients were followed up for 3 years with obvious improvement and inconspicuous scar.

CONCLUSIONThe volume of lower lip in children is not sufficient as donor site. The lower orbicularis oris muscle flap wrapped by acellular dermis can effectively improve the lip thickness and vermilion portion of upper lip.

Acellular Dermis ; Atrophy ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lip Diseases ; surgery ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between hepatic histopathological changes and clinical characteristics in chronic HBV carriers.

METHODA retrospective analysis was performed based on the hepatic biopsy findings, clinical laboratory results, and ultrasound examinations in 142 chronic HBV carriers. The patients were divided into two groups according to their serum HBV DNA replication and the pathological alterations in their livers.

RESULTSThe average age of the 142 patients was (24.8+/-8.7) years old. Among them, 129 were diagnosed as chronic HBV carriers based on their positive HBV DNA results. Thirteen were diagnosed as non-active HBsAg carriers. Hepatitis B family history was found in 31.0% of the cases. Normal liver tissues (G0S0) were found in the specimens of 33 cases (G > or = 1 and/or S > or = 1) chronic hepatitis B was diagnosed based on the biopsies in 106 cases, including an early stage of hepatic cirrhosis in 1 case (G4S4). There were no obvious differences between HBV DNA positive and negative group cases. The levels of HBV DNA in all the 129 cases of chronic HBV carriers were more than 1.0 x 10(4) copy/ml and the average value was (7.58+/-0.99) log10 copy/ml. Of the 129 cases, 123 were HBeAg positive (95.3%). Increased levels of gamma-globulin were detected in 45.8% of the cases and fibrosis index increased in 37.1%; 40.1% of the cases showed abnormalities in their ultrasound examinations. The average PCIII value of the chronic HBV carrier group (G > or = 1 and/or S > or = 1) was higher than that of the non-active HBsAg carrier group (P = 0.016). Spearman's analysis indicated that the inflammation grade (G) was correlated with the hepatic fibrosis index PCIII, and the correlation coefficient was 0.391 (P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONThe patients in our study have a higher HBV DNA replication in their sera and have mild inflammation in their livers. Inflammation grade (G) and fibrosis stage (S) have no correlation with the level of HBV DNA or the state of HBeAg positivity. The increased level of PCIII might be related to their hepatic inflammation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Carrier State ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEDuring the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) epidemic in China, children are the main group among people infected with influenza A (H1N1) virus, but few reports about children are available. The present study aimed to observe the clinical, laboratory features and to analyze therapeutic result.

METHODThe research subject were 93 children infected with influenza A (H1N1), 59 male and 34 female who were treated in Beijing Ditan Hospital from 15 May 2009 to 10 September 2009. The patients' data on symptoms, signs, chest X-ray, blood routine test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), liver function, renal function, helper T lymphocyte were collected and analyzed. The patients were treated with Oseltamivir, traditional Chinese medicine and symptomatic treatment.

RESULTThe main symptoms of children infected with influenza A (H1N1) are fever (84 cases, 90.3%), cough (62 cases, 66.7%), pharyngodynia (36 cases, 38.7%) and expectoration (19 cases, 20.4%) at onset, and fever (59 cases, 63.4%), cough (52 cases, 55.9%), pharyngodynia (23 cases, 24.7%) and expectoration (9 cases, 9.7%) were the mojor symptoms and signs while the patients visited our hospital. The main signs were fervescence, pharyngeal congestion (53 cases, 57.0%), tonsilar swelling (21 cases, 22.6%), and abnormal white blood count (WBC) was found in 32 cases, abnormal ESR in 10 cases, abnormal CRP in 10 cases, abnormal CD4 T lymphocyte count in 19 cases, abnormal liver function and renal function were found in very few patients. After treatment, the febrile duration and time to virus negative in patients treated with oseltamivir alone, traditional Chinese medicine alone, combined oseltamivir and traditional Chinese medicine as well as those who were neither treated with oseltamivir nor traditional Chinese medicine were respectively 1 - 6 days (median 1 day), 3 - 13 days (median 7 days), 1 - 6 days (median 1.5 days), 4 - 11 days (median 8 days), 1 - 5 days (median 1 days), 5 - 14 days (median 8 days), 1 - 5 days (median 2 days), 4 - 13 days (median 8 days).

CONCLUSIONClinical manifestations of 93 children cases were the same as those of adults. The traditional Chinese medicine could improve symptoms of children infected with influenza A (H1N1), but other clinical therapeutic effects need further study.

Adolescent ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Oseltamivir ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; therapeutic use ; Fluoresceins ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Male ; Oxides ; therapeutic use ; Rats