BACKGROUND:Different operation approaches can be selected during the repair of thoracolumbar fractures. Traditional posterior median approach wil cause great wound on patients, and easily induces some adverse consequences. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects and biocompatibility of conventional posterior median approach and paraspinal approach fixation for treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 53 cases of thoracolumbar fracture in the Shaanxi Province Nuclear Industry 215 Hospital from December 2012 to December 2013. They were divided into two groups according to approach method. The control group (n=27) received pedicle screw placement fixation through conventional posterior median approach. The observation group (n=26) underwent pedicle screw placement fixation through paraspinal muscle approach. After repair, they were folowed up for 12 months. Imaging results, pain score and perioperative relevant indexes were observed and compared in both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Imaging examination was conducted before repair, immediately after repair and during final folow-up in both groups. The height of vertebral anterior border and kyphosis correction effect were good after different therapies in both group, but no significant difference was detectable between the two groups (al P > 0.05). These findings suggest that height of vertebral anterior border and kyphosis correction effect were identical between the two groups. Pain visual analog scale score was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group at 24 hours and 3 days after repair and during final folow-up (al P < 0.05). Perioperative relevant indexes were analyzed in both groups. Intraoperative bleeding amount, drainage and bed time after repair were observed in the observation group, which showed significant advantages as compared with the control group (al P < 0.05). These results confirmed that compared with the traditional posterior median approach surgery, minimaly invasive pedicle screw placement through paraspinal muscle approach for thoracolumbar fractures can obtain better repair effects and biocompatibility.

A growing body of evidence has indicated the important role of autophagy receptors in directing ubiquitinated or non-ubiquitinated cargos towards autophagy. Autophagy receptors bind to LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) on phagophore and autophagosome membranes, and recognize signals on cargoes in the delivery system of autophagy. However, the diverse domains in the receptor structures determine that their roles would never be limited to autophagy. Up to date, increasing numbers of the receptor proteins have been demonstrated to serve as a molecular link or switch participating in autophagic degradation, apoptosis or cell survival signals. Here, we highlight the non-autophagic roles of these receptor proteins to draw attention to this growing research topic.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination

Objective To investigate the blood glucose changes in critically ill patients taken continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)before treatment and at different time points after treatment. Methods Sixtyseven critically ill patients were enrolled in the study,of whom 13 cases were treated conventionally and assigned as pre-treatment control group,while the other 54 cases undertook CRRT were assigned as CRRT group. The CRRT group were further sub-divided into four groups according to CRRT time((CRRT time ＜6 h group(n = 18),CRRT time of 6 - 12 h group(n = 18),CRRT time ＞ 12 h group(n = 18);or sub-divided into two groups according to circulating blood temperature(≤ 36. 5 ℃ group(n =27)and ＞ 36. 5 ℃ group(n =27));or sub-divided into two groups by sugar substitute fluid replacement solution as the formula group(the standard level of sugar content was 6. 9 mmol/L(n = 27)and sugar-free replacement fluid group(n = 27);or sub-divided into two groups according to the Glasgow Coma score(GCS)(GCS ≤ 8 points group(n = 24)and GCS ＞ 8 group(n = 30). Blood glucose level at different time points were measured. Results The longer CRRT cycle time,lower temperature,sugar substitute fluid replacement fluid worse GCS score corresponded to more dramatic blood glucose fluctuation at different time points in CRRT group,and it took longer time for them to recover to normal blood sugar level Conclusions During the CRRT process insulin secretion was suppressed and led to increase of blood sugar. In most cases the blood glucose returns to normal after CRRT treatment over time,but a small number of cases require clinical intervention.

Adolescent ; Altitude ; Anaerobic Threshold ; physiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology ; Physical Endurance ; physiology ; Phytotherapy ; Young Adult

Objective To discuss the clinical features and treatment of hepatogenous diabetes. Method Retrospective analysis was conducted in January 2002-April 2009 170 cases of clinical data in patients with liver cir-rhosis. Result 170 cases of liver cirrhosis 40 cases of diabetes, the incidence was 23.5% ,various types of cirrhosis may occur;typical "over three" obvious symptoms; 10 cases admitted tohospital when fasting blood glucose≥7.0 mmol/L, postprandial 2 hours blood glucose were ≥1.1 mmol/L;high level of total bilirubin,serum albumin,cholin-esterase,total cholesterol low. Given to diabetic diet and small doses of ct-glucosidase, short-acting insulin treatment; 26 cases of normal blood glucose, improvement in 8 cases (blood glucose 6. 1～11.1 mmol/L) ;6 deaths. Conclusion Prone to occur in patients with liver cirrhosis glucose metabolism disorders, its clinical features, treatment of liver damage and the need to take into account two aspects of diabetes, the use of insulin as the main.

Objective To investigate the effect of tacrolimus on the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in HaCaT cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and on the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)α and β in untreated HaCaT cells in vitro.Methods Cultured Ha CaT cells were treated with TNF-α(10μg/L) only,combination of TNF-α(10μg/L) and various concentrations (10-8mol/L, 10-7mol/L,10-6moL/L) of tacrolimus or tacrolimus of different concentrations only.After additional 12-,24-, 36- or 48-hour cnlture, Westem blot and immunofluorescenee-confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to detect the expressions of NF-κB,GRα and GRβ in HaCaT cells.Those untreated HaCaT cells served as the control.Results The relative protein expression level of NF-κB was increased in HaCaT cells after treatment with TNF-α for 24 and 48 hours zompared with untreated ceils (0.73±0.0316 and 0.8925±0.0171 vs 0.4988±0.03506,both P<0.05);however,the increase in NF-κB expression was inhibited by the combination treatment with tacrolimus,and the relative expression level of NF-κB protein was 0.6825±0.0263.0.6200±0.0163 and 0.5575±0.0299 in HaCaT cells treated with TNF-α plus tacrolimus of 10-8mol/L 10-7mol/L and 10-6mol/L,respectively;the difference was significant etween TNF-α-treated cells and those dealt with the combination of NF-α and tacrolimus of 10-7 or 10-6 mol/L (both P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the expression of NF-κB by HaCaT cells between different time oints treated with tacrolimus of 10-8,10-7 or 10-6 mol/L.Also,there was no zignificant difference in the expression of GRα or GRβ between untreated HaCaT cells and those treated with tacrolimus of 10-8, 10-7 or 10-6 mol/L at any time point.Conclusions Tacrolimus ould inhibit the expression of NF-κB by TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells,but does not affect the expression of GRα or GRβ,in untreated HaCaT cells.

0.05), while the values of BIS at all the time points in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and C; meanwhile the BIS at different time points in group B were significantly higher than those in group C (both P

Myopia is not only a global public health problem, but also a significant socio-economic problem. There are various hypotheses about the pathogenesis of myopia, which is basically the result of the combination of environmental and genetic factors. Although a large number of epidemiological studies have been carried out on the influencing factors of myopia, most of them are cross-sectional studies, longitudinal cohort studies are relatively few. This paper will summarize the influencing factors of myopia at homeland and abroad in recent years.

Sphingolipids are structural components of cellular membranes.Their metabolites,such as ceramide,sphingosine,and sphingosine 1-phosphate are important bioactive molecules,which act as the first or second messengers regulating various cellular activities,including proliferation,survival,migration and neovascularization in vitro and in vivo tumor models.Sphingosine kinases 1(SPK1) is a critical regulator of the balance between ceramide and S1P.Recent studies show that ceramide,SPK1 and S1P can regulate many of the hallmarks of cancer.These studies suggest that these metabolites can serve as novel targets for cancer therapy.

Objective To evaluate four tumor markers of insulin-like growth factor 1((IGF-1), CEA, cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for the diagnosis and prediction of treatment response in human lung cancer. Methods Serum samples were taken from three groups: 91 patients with lung cancer, 30 healthy adults and 15 patients with benign pulmonary diseases. Serum IGF-1 was assayed by radioimmunoassay and CEA, CYFRA21-1, and NSE by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The differences among the three groups were determined by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and with Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by ROC curves. Results The four serum tumor marker levels were significantly higher in lung cancer group, as compared with the benign and the healthy (IGF-1:χ2=26.95,P<0.001, CEA:χ2=49.11,P<0.001; CYFRA21-1:χ2=40.63,P<0.001; NSE:χ2=14.76;P<0.001). The diagnostic sensitivities of IGF-1, CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE was 75.6% (34/45), 53.3% (24/45), 66.7% (30/45) and 42.2% (19/45) respectively for lung cancer. The diagnostic sensitivity of IGF-1 combined with CYFRA21-1 was 95.5 %( 43/45) and that of IGF-1 combined with CEA and CYFRA21-1was 97.8%(44/45). Only IGF-1 and CYFRA21-1 showed significant changes before and after treatment (IGF-1: χ2=5.99,P=0.014; CYFRA21-1:χ2=4.99, P=0.025) in cancer group. Conclusions Serum IGF-1, CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE are all valuable for lung cancer diagnosis and the combination of those parameters can enhance the diagnostic efficiency. Serum IGF-1 and CYFRA21-1 may also be useful for evaluating the treatment response in lung cancer.