Animals ; Calcium ; physiology ; Chloride Channels ; physiology ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; physiology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; physiology ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Utilizing the enrichment substrate,an aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain with the capability of phosphorus removal was screened from the activated sludge which had been domesticated by actual living sewage.By the morphological observing and identification of the physiological and biochemical indexes,the strain was identified to belong to Pseudomonas.The aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain was applied to deal with the simulated and actual living wastewater.By inspecting the changes of total nitrogen,inorganic phosphorus and CODcr in the wastewater,it was ascertained that the optimal wastewater treatment condi-tions of the bacterial strain were C/N= 3,inoculated ratio= 10%,pH 6.8,30?C,treatment time= 2 d.After the activated sludge was strengthened by the aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain,its treatment capability for ac-tual living sewage was improved,evidently.

BACKGROUND:For patients in intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation is an effective treatment to survive from acute illness and improve survival rates. However, long periods of bed rest and restricted physical activity can result in side effects. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of early rehabilitation therapy in patients with mechanical ventilation. METHODS:A randomized controlled trial was carried out. Sixty patients, with tracheal intubation or tracheostomy more than 48 hours and less than 72 hours, were admitted to the ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, from May 2010 to May 2012. These patients were randomly divided into a rehabilitation group and a control group. In the rehabilitation group, rehabilitation therapy was performed twice daily, and the training time and intensity were adjusted according to the condition of the patients. Early rehabilitation therapy included heading up actively, transferring from the supine position to sitting position, sitting at the edge of the bed, sitting in chair, transferring from sitting to standing, and ambulating bedside. The patient's body mass index, days to first out of bed, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, APACHE Ⅱ score, highest FiO2, lowest PaO2/FiO2 and hospital mortality of patients were all compared between the rehabilitation group and the control group. The differences between the two groups were compared using Student's t test. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in body mass index, APACHE Ⅱ score, highest FiO2, lowest PaO2/FiO2 and hospital mortality between the rehabilitation group and the control group (P>0.05). Patients in the rehabilitation group had shorter days to first out of bed (3.8±1.2 d vs. 7.3±2.8 d; P=0.00), duration of mechanical ventilation (5.6±2.1 d vs. 12.7±4.1 d; P=0.005) and length of ICU stay (12.7±4.1 d vs. 15.2±4.5 d; P=0.01) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION:Early rehabilitation therapy was feasible and effective in improving the outcomes of patients with mechanical ventilation.

Objective To observe the occlusal contacts in intercuspal position(ICP) in adolescent patients after orthodontic treatment.Methods Fourteen adolescent patients after orthodontic treatment were selected as experimental group and 17 healthy adolescents and young adults with normal occlusion were selected as control group.The occlusal contact in ICP in the two groups were recorded with T-Scan Ⅱ system and compared.Results When the total of force (TOF) were 1/10 TOFmax,1/4 TOFmax,1/2 TOFmax,3/4 TOFmax and TOFmax,the number of occlusal contacts in the anterior segment in the experimental group were 1.5(1.0),3.0(1.3),4.5(3.3),5.5(3.0),5.5(3.3),which were significantly larger than that in control group[0.0(0.3),0.0(0.6),0.3(0.5),0.3(1.0),0.0(1.8),P＜0.05].There were no significant difference in the area of occlusal contacts in the posterior segment between experimental group and control group(P＞0.05).The center of force(COF) in the experimental group located significantly more mesially than that in control group.The value of ICP contact time in experimental group was 0.192(0.141) s and no significant difference was found between experimental group and control group [0.163(0.200) s].Conclusions Although the patiants achieved normal occlusion after orthodontic treatment,their anterior teeth received more occlusal force than those in healthy adolescents and young adults with normal occlusion.

AIMTo explore the adapting metabolic mechanisms of the plateau zokors to the hypoxic-hypercapnic environment.

METHODSThe activities of lactate dehydrogenase in serum and tissues, and the content of lactate in serum of plateau zokors in spring, summer and autumn were determined by using method of enzyme analysis. The spectrums of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum and tissues of plateau zokors in spring, summer and autumn were analyzed by using method of the discontinuous systemic poly-acrylamide perpendicular plank gel electrophoresis.

RESULTSThe activities of lactate dehydrogenase in serum had obvious seasonally difference that were higher in spring and lower in autumn, and the content of lactate in serum showed same changing pattern. The spectrums of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum showed five bands that were LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH4 and LDH5 from positive pole to negative pole respectively, it showed clearly two bands in serum of summer that were LDH4 and LDH5 and one band in serum of autumn that was LDH5. The activities of LDH in tissues of skeleton muscle, cardiac muscle and brain were higher compared with the other tissues, it decreased markedly from spring to summer to autumn. In tissues of liver, kidney and lungs, activities of LDH were lower. Activities of LDH in livers, were significantly higher in spring compared that in summer and autumn, which had no obvious difference between summer and autumn. Activities of LDH in kidneys and lungs, showed no obviously difference between spring and summer, which decreased markedly in autumn. The spectrums of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in tissues of cardiac muscle, liver, lungs, kidney, brain and skeleton muscle showed five bands, the spectrums were obvious different in different tissues, and the content of LDH isoenzymes showed seasonal changes in different tissues.

CONCLUSIONGlycolysis levels in plateau zokors had obvious seasonally change which increased in spring and decreased in autumn significantly. It related to the activity of plateau zokors in different seasons and seasonal fluctuation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in burrows of plateau zokors.

Animals ; Carbon Dioxide ; metabolism ; Isoenzymes ; analysis ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; analysis ; metabolism ; Rodentia ; metabolism ; Seasons

Objective To investigate the effects of down-regulation of Beclin 1, which is an autophagy regulatory molecule, expression induced by RNA interference on the proliferation and apoptosis in skin fibroblasts of naked mole rat. Methods The expression levels of Beclin 1 were detected after starvation or H2 O2 treatment.The fibroblasts were transi-ently transfected with specific siRNA targeting Beclin 1 and then screened by real-time PCR and Western blot.Cell prolifer-ation and apoptosis were determined using CCK-8 detection kit and flow cytometry ( FCM ) .The expressions of related genes were detected by Western blot.Results The expression of Beclin 1 gene at mRNA and protein levels was signifi-cantly lower in fibroblasts of the naked mole rat.Starvation and H2 O2 treatment induced changes of the Beclin 1 expression. Inhibition of Beclin 1 gene expression can inhibit cell proliferation and induce early and late apoptosis.The protein levels of p53, BAX, Bcl2, LC3B, p-AKT and mTOR were reduced after transient transfection with Beclin 1-siRNA.Conclusions The expression of Beclin 1 in fibroblasts of naked mole rat are changed in response to starvation or H2 O2 stimulation.Inhi-bition of Beclin 1 gene expression can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis.Therefore, Beclin1 gene may play a regulatory role in autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis in the skin fibroblasts of naked mole rat.

OBJECTIVETo establish the visual patch clamp whole-cell recording technique and study the properties and functional significance of muscarinic receptor-mediated currents in rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons (MVNn).

METHODSBrain slices containing the MVN were prepared from fifteen Wistar rats. By combining infrared differential interference contrast (IR-DIC) technique and CCD-Camera system with visual patch clamp whole-cell recording technique, twenty healthy neurons were located and muscarinic receptor-mediated currents in rat MVNn were observed and analyzed.

RESULTSVisual patch clamp technique can be used to make direct localization and to make sure of active neuron. In MVNn, a comparison of the current-voltage relationships before and during the application of muscarine, which revealed an increase in the slope of the I-V curve and the reversal potential for this response lay at (-88.4 +/- 4.9) mV (x +/- s), indicates that the activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors leads to a decrease in potassium current. The test in the voltage sensitivity of the muscarine-induced response, which showed that the effect had a linear current-voltage relationship and reversed at (-86.7 +/- 3.5) mV, indicates that the potassium current blocked by muscarine corresponds to the voltage-insensitive leak potassium current.

CONCLUSIONSVisual patch clamp technique, which was considered better than blind patch clamp technique, can improve the success of sealing process. By the analysis of muscarinic receptor-mediated currents, the data provide support that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms play a prominent role in the modulation of the excitability of MVNn and also offer a new idea for the efficacy of anticholinergic drugs.

Animals ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Neurons ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; physiology ; Vestibular Nuclei ; physiology

Ultramicroelectrode was usually used in scanning electrochemical microscope(SECM) as a probe. The redox reaction on the probe is a diffusion process. But the fast moving of probe in SECM will affect the diffusion process, resulting in unclear obtained images. A new SECM image-processing technique was proposed in this paper involving combination of LoG algorithm and New edge-directed interpolation (NEDI) interpolation algorithm. LoG algorithm is helpful for the clarity of SECM images, but leading to some loss of edge information. Fortunately, NEDI algorithm based on edge directed interpolation can solve this problem well. Two substrates with gold interdigitated electrode and gold electrode array were prepared by ion sputtering method. The SECM images were obtained of the gold interdigitated electrode, gold electrode array and ITO substrate printed with fingerprints. The corresponding images treated by LoG filter and these for NEDI interpolation were compared and analyzed. The image-processing technique combining the LoG algorithm with the NEDI interpolation algorithm can significantly improve the clarity and resolution of SECM image.

OBJECTIVETo investigate surgical procedure and clinical effects for the treatment of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) with arthroscopic patelloplasty and circumpatellar denervation.

METHODSTotally 156 patients with PFOA (62 males and 94 females; aged from 45 to 61 years old with an average of 52) were treated from September 2011 and March 2013. The clinical manifestations included recurrent swelling and pains on knee-joint,and aggravated pains upon going up/down-stairs, squatting-down, or standing-up. PFOAs were treated with arthroscopic patelloplasty and circumpatellar denervation. The therapeutic effects before and after surgery were evaluated by Lysholm scores and Kujala scores. The therapeutic effects were graded by classification of cartilage injury degrees.

RESULTSTotally 149 cases were successfully followed up for 14.8 months. The incisions were healed well and no complication were occurred. Lysholm score was improved from 73.29 preoperatively to 80.93 postoperatively and average Kajala score from 68.34 preoperatively to 76.48 after surgery. This procedure was highly effective for patients with I - III degree cartilage injury, while not for patients with IV degree cartilage injury.

CONCLUSIONFor PFOA patients, arthroscopic patelloplasty and circumpatellar denervation is effective for significantly relieving anterior knee pains, improving knee-joint functions and quality of life, and deferring arthritic procession.

Arthroscopy ; Denervation ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; innervation ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore causes of gluteal muscle contracture induced anterior knee pain and curative effect of arthroscopic release.

METHODSFrom March 2002 to August 2013,36 patients with gluteal muscle contracture induced anterior knee pain were treated, including 15 males, 21 females, aged from 9 to 40 years old with an average (18.7±7.2) years old; the courses of diseases ranged from 4 to 30 years. The clinical manifestations involved limited to symmelia, positive Ober sign, buttocks touch contracture belts, knee and patella slide to lateral when doing squat activities. All patients were performed gluteal muscle contracture release under arthroscopic. Postoperative complications were observed, Kujala scoring before and after operation was used for compare curative effect.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with an average of 29 months. The incision were healed well, and no complications were occurred. Postoperative Kujala score were improved more than preoperative.

CONCLUSIONGluteal muscle contracture release could alleviate hypertension of lateral patella, and palys an important role in preventing patellofemoral arthritis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Buttocks ; Child ; Contracture ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Pain ; etiology