Objective To revise the time management habit scale and examine its reliability and validity.Methods 1042 college students were assessed with time management habit scale (TMH) and time management disposition scale(ATMD). All students were randomly split into two samples with equal size. Exploratory factor analysis(EFA) was conducted to obtain the structure of TMH with one sample and then the stability of the new structure was examined by confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) with another sample. Results EFA extracted three factors that explained 49. 577% of the whole variance. CFA analysis that the three-factor model represented the data better than the four-factor model. The Cronbach' s alphas reliability was 0.9076. The three-factor was 0.8324～0.8459. The test-retest reliability was 0.766 (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion The Cronbach' s alphas reliability, testretest reliability, content validity and construct validity of new TMH accord with psychometric demands.

BACKGROUND:To establish the real body’s artery model has its own limitations due to the diversity of different individual differences in the carotid artery and blood flow.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of different inlet velocity profiles of the common carotid artery and three different flow ratios of internal and external carotid artery on hemodynamics of the carotid artery.
METHODS:The carotid bifurcation TF-AHCB numerical model was established. Commercial software ANSYS was used to compute the flow field and calculate hematodynamic parameters, including velocity and wal shear stress. Then, their relationship with atherosclerosis was analyzed from different angles.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Flow ratio of internal and external carotid artery significantly influences the flow field of the simulated bifurcation of the carotid artery. Changes in the magnitude of inlet velocity cannot only alter the hematodynamic properties, but also change the range of mechanical mechanism.

Objective To compare the efficacy of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus by using Amplatzer occluder and a new home-made occluder.Methods Comparing the efficacy,complications and cost of 110 patients with home-made occluder and 96 patients treated with Amplatzer occluder.Results The case of complete closure:the home-made occluder group was 109(99.1%),the Amplatzer occluder group was 95(99.0%).The comparison of preoperatively clinical indexs,operative and exposure time,the rate of complete closure,hospital days and complication were not significantly different.The decrease of left ventricular diastolic and C/T have no significant difference.The total cost of the home-made occluder group was statistically lower than the Amplatzer occluder group.Conclusion Both groups have no significant difference in the efficacy and the rate of complication.The new home-made occluder is low cost and extensive applicative foreground in clinics.

Objective:To observe the changes of alveolar cells apoptosis and the expression of Fas/FasL protein in pulmonary injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rabbbits,and to explore the related mechanism of pulmonary injury.Methods: The left pulmonary arteries of 30 healthy New Zealand rabbits(either sex) were obstructed and reperfused by inflating and discharging gas of 5F Berman sacculus catheter.The rabbits were then randomly divided into 5 groups: sham operation group,ischemia 1 h group,ischemia 2 h group,ischemia 2 h and reperfusion 1 h group,and ischemia 2 h and reperfusion 2 h group.Another 6 healthy rabbits were taken as control.The pulmonary tissues were harvested after experiment and the lung wet/dry ratio was determined.Alveolar cells apoptosis and Fas/FasL protein expression were determined using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry techniques,respectively.Results: The lung cell apoptosis was obviously increased in ischemia groups compared with that in the control and sham group.The reperfusion after ischemia further increased the cell apoptosis compared with simple ischemia groups,and the apoptosis was positively related with the reperfusion time(P

The cerebral resuscitation is the most important aim in advanced cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR). Cerebral function protection after cardiac arrest (CA) is important to improve survival rates including those after the discharge. Therapeutic mild hypothermia maybe the only method that can improve neurological function of patients following resuscitation after CA, which was recommended as one of treatment strategies for unconscious patients after successful resuscitation in 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Although there are many cooling methods of inducing hypothermia, each has some advantages or shortcomings. There were many controversies on the choice, which need further research. We make a summary and analysis about the mechanism of therapeutic mild hypothermia, the possible complications at different stages and the clinical application of mild hypothermia, such as the evaluation before therapeutic mild hypothermia and the choice of hypothermia protocol and cooling methods, to provide guidance for clinical mild hypothermia therapy.

Objective To observe the effect of pre-intervention with electroacupuncture on oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory reaction after hepatectomy under portal occlusion.Method Thirty patients going to receive hepatectomy under Pringle's portal occlusion were randomized into an electroacupuncture group and a sham electroacupuncture group, 15 cases each. Three days prior to the surgery, the patients started to receive corresponding acupuncture or sham electroacupuncture treatment by selecting bilateral Riyue (GB24), Qichong (ST30) and Yanglingquan (GB34), once a day. The anesthesia method was general (inhalational and intravenous) anesthesia. Central venous blood was drawn before the surgery, and respectively 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after the surgery to examine the OS-relatedparameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10.Result Compared to the sham electroacupuncture group, the SOD activity significantly increased (241±11.4 U/mL,180±12.6 U/mL,P<0.05) and the MDA level significantly dropped in the electroacupuncture group at 6 h and 24 h after the surgery(11.0±0.8 mmol/L,10.0±0.9 mmol/L,P<0.05); there were no significant between-group differences in the rest indexes (P>0.05).Conclusion Pre-intervention with electroacupuncture can up-regulate the activity of SOD and down-regulate the level of MDA in patients after hepatic portal occlusion, and thus partially reduce OS, but it doesn't shownoticeable effecton inflammatory response.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA)is a natural L-arginine analogue that reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide in plasma and various types of tissues,acting as an endogenous NO synthase inhibitor in vivo.ADMA is considered a common pathway mediating the adverse vascular effects of traditional and nontraditional risk factors.These preclinical findings are thought to be of major importance as ADMA predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Also,ADMA uniformly predicts the progression of moderate and severe CKD.The present study summarizes the latest developments in this field.

Objective: To analyze effect of ulinastatin on patients’ inflammatory factors level during cardiopulmonary bypass valve replacement surgery. Methods: Chosen patients accept cardiopulmonary bypass valve replacement surgery between 2011 to 2013 as research subjects, randomized to receive Ulinastatin as observation group and volume of saline as control group, testing inflammatory levels and pulmonary ventilation function difference. Results: One hour after CPB and 1h after the end of CPB, TNF-α, IL-6 level as well as A-aDO2 level of observation group were lower than control group; (2)A-aDO2 levels were positively correlated with TNF-α, IL-6 levels. Conclusion: Ulinastatin can effectively reduce cardiopulmonary bypass valve replacement surgery preoperative inflammatory cytokine levels, reducing the impact on pulmonary ventilation function, inflammatory levels and pulmonary ventilation function was negatively correlated.

Objective To observe and evaluate the efficacy of the preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea in infant with bacterial pneumonia using the live Clostridium butyricum and Bifidobacterium combined Powders. Methods 103 infants with bacterial pneumonia were randomly divided into the two groups,53 infants as the trial group,another 50 infants as the control group with normal antibacterial therapy,two or three hours afterword the live Clostridium butyricum and Bifidobacterium combined Powders was administered at dose of 0.5g ti-daily in the trial group,After diarrhea taken place,the live Clostridium butyricum and Bifidobacterium combined Powders was adminis-tered at dose of 0.5g ti-daily in the control group,to contrast the rate of secondary diarrhea and clinical efficacy in the two groups.Results The incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea was 13.2%( 7/53 ) in the trial group and 56.0%(28/50) in the control group (χ2 =21.00,P<0.01).There were significant differences between the two groups.Duration of diarrhea and period of treatment in the trial group was obviously shorter than that of the control group,the rate of dehydration in the trial group was lighter than that in the control group(χ2 =6.64,P<0.01). Conclusion The live Clostridium butyricum and Bifidobacterium combined powders with antibacterial therapy at reg-ular intervals can prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea.It is worthy of preventive application.

BACKGROUND: Bilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with intervertebral decompression and fusion is a classic surgical approach in treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases, but it can cause ligament and other soft tissue damage of lumbar spine and degeneration of the adjacent segments. While translaminar facet screw fixation has its unique advantages.OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of unilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with translaminar facet screw fixation and bilateral pedicle screw fixation for lower lumbar degenerative diseases.METHODS: Forty-six patients with single-level lower lumbar degenerative disease were enrolled, and were then treated with bilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with intervertebral fusion (group A, n=24) or unilateral pedicle screw along with translaminar facet screw fixation and intervertebral fusion (group B, n=22). Afterwards, the clinical indexes and efficacy were compared between two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All operations were performed successfully. The length of incision, operation time,intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume and cost of hospitalization in the group B were significantly superior to those in the group A (P < 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the rate of fusion between two groups (P > 0.05). (3) The visual analogue scale and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores in both groups at 1 week,3, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively were significantly improved compared with baseline (P < 0.05), but the scores had no significant differences between two groups (P > 0.05). (4) To conclude, unilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with translaminar facet screw fixation and bilateral pedicle screw fixation both exhibit satisfactory treatment outcomes,while the former holds little trauma, good stability, high fusion rate and less cost, which is a better choice for lower lumbar degenerative diseases.