In view of the contradictory phenomenon between yingfen dominating the interior when suffering exogenous epidemic febrile disease and ying disease dominating the exterior in cold pathogenic diseases,the authors revealed the misunderstanding of yingfen dominating the interior in epidemic febrile disease by a systematical analysis on the headstream of the theory,the connotation for diagnosis and treatment and logical relation. Based on the requirement of the theory guiding the clinical effectively,at the same time,the authors put forward a new opinion on classification of diagnosis and treatment on wei,qi,ying,blood system by the theory of the cold integrating the warm,which was a courageous exploration for the purpose of seeking unity of thinking on syndrome differentiation and treatment of external infection diseases.

In view of the contradictory phenomenon between yingfen dominating the interior when suffering exogenous epidemic febrile disease and ying disease dominating the exterior in cold pathogenic diseases,attemping to get the logical demonstration that cold pathogenic diseases and exogenous epidemic febrile diseases can be integrated by yingfen diseases,the authors made a systematic classification and comparison on basis of the collection of related diagnosis and treatment in respective yingfen diseases of cold pathogenic diseases and exogenous epidemic febrile disease. It was of vital importance to connecting cold pathogenic diseases with exogenous epidemic febrile diseases in classification of diagnosis and treatment in wei,qi,ying,blood system.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of solution form of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on removing smear layer of root canals at different exposure time periods and to provide scientific basis for EDTA as a choice of root canal irrigation in clinical practice. Twenty-five single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (group A) was given 2.5% NaOCl, and 4 experimental groups were given 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, including groups B, C, D and E with exposure time of 1, 3, 5 and 7 min, respectively. After preparation of the root canals, the teeth were split along their longitudinal axis, and the root sections were examined under scanning electron microscope for evaluation of smear layer removal and erosion on the surface of the root canal walls. The specimens in group B showed presence of smear layer on the walls of the root canal with no statistical difference from that in group A (P>0.05). In groups C and D, partial removal of smear layer was obtained, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in removal of smear layer between group C and group B (P<0.05). Root canal walls in group E specimens showed almost complete removal of smear layer, and the removal of smear layer was significantly different from that in group D (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the structure of the surface of root canal for each sample. It was concluded that combined irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl could remove the smear layer with no significant alteration in dentinal structure when the chelating agent was applied for 7 min. At 3 and 5 min of application, partial removal of smear layer was observed and at 1 min negligible removal of smear layer was achieved.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the protective effects of punicosides on alcohol induced acute liver injury in mice and its possible mechanisms as well.

METHODThe 60 mice were randomly divided into normal control, model group, three dose groups of punicosides with low, medium and high, then there is silibinin group. Three dose groups of punicosides and silibinin were given in advance by gavage for 4 weeks, then the mouse model of alcoholic acute liver injury was established. The serum levels of ALT, AST and TG were determined, and the mice were killed to calculate somatic index of liver, thymus as well as spleen. MDA, SOD, GSH-Px and GSH-ST were detected in the liver homogenate. Histopathological changes of the liver were observed by HE staining. The expression of MCP-1 and NF-kappaB in the liver tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTMid and high dose of punicosides reduced the liver index in mice significantly, improved liver steatosis, decreased the level of ALT, AST and TG in serum and the content of MDA in liver homogenate, furthermore the two dose groups increased the activity of SOD, GSH-Px and GSH-ST, inhibited the expression of MCP-1 and NF-kappaB in liver tissue.

CONCLUSIONPunicosides can protect the acute liver damage induced by alcohol.

Alcohols ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 ( sFlt-1 ) in preeclampsia placenta. Methods Immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR were used to investigate the expression of sFlt-1 and sFlt-1 mRNA in placenta of 30 women with preeclampsia (including mild and moderate preeclampsia 11 cases, severe preeclampsia 19 cases) and 45 normal pregnant women (including first trimester pregnancy 18 cases, 2nd trimester pregnancy 12 cases, and 3rd trimester pregnancy 15 cases). The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and sFlt-1 in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results (1) The expression of sFlt-1 mRNA was significantly higher in preeclampsia group (0. 90?0. 11) compared with the third trimester group (0. 80?0. 06; P

Objective To investigate the related prognostic factors of stage Ⅳ gastric cancer.Methods The clinical data of 248 patients with stage Ⅳ gastric cancer and intact follow up data in the Tumor Prevention and Treatment Center of Sun Yat-Sen University from 2000 to 2010 were retrospectively summarized.The twelve clinicopathological parameters served as the observation indicators,including age,sex,body mass reduction,H b,CEA,CA19-9,Borrmann type,tumor location,tumor size,pathological pattern,operative mode,metastatic sites and therapeutic model.The survival curve was drawn by using the Kaplan-Meier method.The median survival time was calculated.The univariate analysis was conducted with Log-rank test.The prognosis multivariate analysis was conducted by the Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis.Results MST in the patients of whole group was 254 d.The univariate analysis showed that sex,Borrmann type and therapeutic mode were the related factors afecting gastric cancer prognosis,while the Cox regression model revealed that above 3 indicators were also independent factors affecting the prognosis of the patients with stage Ⅳ gastric cancer in this group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment mode is an important independent factor affecting the survival of stage Ⅳ gastric cancer,the translational medicine model of palliative chemotherapy combined with palliative operation conduces to improve the prognosis in the patients with stage Ⅳ gastric cancer.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and medicine treatment of patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC),the efficacy of rescue treatment in patients with glucocorticoid (GCS) resistant severe UC,and the clinical risk factors in patients with GCS-refractory severe UC.Methods From January 2001 to December 2012,clinical,laboratory,endoscopy,imaging data and medication of treatment of 106 patients with severe UC were retrospectively analyzed.Then the patients were followed up,and the clinical efficacy and under endoscopic presentation of Mayo score were evaluated.Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the high risk factor of GCS-refractory severe UC.Results Among 106 patients with severe UC,95 were chronic relapse type accounting for 89.6 ％.The percentage of patients with defecation times over six was 73.6％ (78/106),with severe purulent bloody stool was 51.0％ (54/106),and with moderately or severe abdominal pain was 83.0％ (88/106).The percentage of diffuse colon type was 83.0％ (88/106),endoscopic presentation of Mayo score over two was 87.7％ (93/106).Hemoglobin decreased in 65.1％ (69/106) patients,blood platelet increased in 48.1％ (51/106) patients,C-reaction protein elevated in 88.7％ (94/106) patients,and hypoalbuminemia decreased in 42.5％ (45/106) patients.Account to 89.6％ (95/106) of patients with severe UC received GCS treatment,and the percentage of induced remission was 64.2％ (61/95),effective rate was 16.8％ (16/95),and ineffective rate was 18.9％ (18/95).The percentage of GCS refractory was 35.8％(34/95).There were 23 patients with GCS resistance and 11 patients with GCS dependence.Ten patients with GCS resistant severe UC accepted medicine rescue therapy.Five cases were treated with cyclosporin A,of which two cases induced remission,one case was effective,and two cases were ineffective.Another five cases were treated with infliximab,of which three cases induced remission,and two cases were ineffective.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that severe anemia (OR=6.750,95％CI:2.656 to 17.152,P＜0.01),elevated blood platelets (OR=4.032,95％CI:1.226 to 13.261,P=0.015) and albumin level less than 25 g/L (OR =3.022,95 ％ CI:1.236 to 7.390,P =0.022) were risk factors of GCS-refractory severe UC.Conclusions GCS resistant or dependent occurred in part of patients with severe UC.Patients with G-CS resistant severe UC receive rescue treatment of cyclosporin A or infliximab.Severe anemia,elevated blood platelets,albumin less than 25 g/L may be clinical predicting factors in patients with GCS-refractory severe UC.

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) levels in preeclampsia at second trimester. Methods Serum sFlt-1,VEGF concentrations were determined in 172 initial normal pregnant women at 26-28 gestation week.The outcomes of pregnancies were followed.In a cohort of 172 pregnant women, 16 cases of preeclampsia were developed (preeclampsia group),and 156 cases were with no complication (control group).Results The serum levels of sFlt-1 in preeclampsia group (11.4?6.2)?g/L were significantly higher than that in control group(4.5?2.1)?g/L(P＜0.01).The serum levels of sFlt-1 in precelampsia women with the onset before 32 gestation week and fetal growth retardation,(14.0?6.8)?g/L,(14.4?6.7)?g/L were significantly higher than that in women with the onset after 32 gestation week and with no fetal growth retardation (9.0?4.1)?g/L,(8.9?4.0)?g/L,respectively (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum levels of VEGF between preeclampsia group and control group.A sFlt-1 cutoff value of 8.75?g/L at 26-28 gestation week yielded a sensitivity of 87.5%,specificity of 97.4%,positive predictive value of 80.0%,negative predictive value of 88.5%,respectively,for subsequent onset of preeclampsia.Conclusion Maternal serum sFlt-1 concentration at second trimester can be used as an early predictive marker of preeclampsia.

Model organism zebrafish was used to study metabolism of asperosaponin VI from Dipsacus asper Wall. ex Henry for the first time. Metabolic components of asperosaponin VI after exposing to zebrafish for 24 h were identified by high performance liquid chromatography--electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS), the separation was performed with a Zorbax C18 column using a binary gradient elution of 0.05% formic acetonitrile--0.05% formic acid water. The quasi-molecular ions of compounds in both negative and positive mode were observed for molecule mass information, and the potential structures were identified by attentive study on the deglycosylation metabolites and one hydroxylation metabolite of asperosaponin VI. The results were highly in consistent with metabolism of asperosaponin VI in rat. It can be concluded that zebrafish model can wonderfully imitate current metabolic model with advantages of small amount of lower cost, far less amount compound, higher efficiency and more simple, and can reflect integrated metabolism results of in vivo method. Zebrafish metabolic model may become a novel organism model for quick predication on metabolism of even mircoamount compound, which can enrich the available models greatly.

Objective To study the different ultrasonic features in patients of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with or without obesity based on body mass index (BMI), and to investigate whether certain hormonal factors correlate with ovarian morphology and blood flow, and to discuss the role of ultrasound combined with hormone test in the diagnosis of obese PCOS. Methods One hundred and five women with PCOS were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups according to BMI;obese PCOS group (OB-PCOS, n=32, BMI≥25 kg/m2) and non-obese PCOS (NOB-PCOS, n=73, BMI<25 kg/m2). The ultrasonic parameters of follicle number (FN), ovarian volume (Vol), resistance index (RI) of ovarian stromal blood, RI of uterine artery and serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), the ratio of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), free testosterone (FT), prolactin (PRL), sex hormoe binding globulin (SHBG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), the extent of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism (HOMA-IR) were measured and compared. The correlation of the ultrasonic parameters and hormonal factors were analyzed. Results The Vol of OB-PCOS group was significantly higher than NOB-PCOS group [(12.25±4.89) ml vs (10.73±2.30) ml, t=2.20, P < 0.05]. FN and uterine artery RI of OB-PCOS group had a rising trend and RI of ovarian interstitial was on a reducing trend compared with NOB-PCOS group. But the differences were not statistically significant. The levels of FINS and HOMA-IR in OB-PCOS group [(14.82±6.45) mU/L and (3.91±3.30)] were significantly higher than those in NOB-PCOS group [(8.04±4.57) mU/L and (1.64±1.20)] (t=4.87, 3.47, respectively, both P < 0.01). And FSH in NOB-PCOS group was significantly higher than OB-PCOS group [(5.95±1.91) U/L vs (4.65±1.88) U/L, t=-2.77, P<0.01]. In POCS patients, FN was significantly associated with LH/FSH (r=0.35, P<0.01), and FT (r=0.38, P<0.01). Vol was significantly associated with LH/FSH, BMI, HOMA-IR and FPG (r=0.27, P<0.05;r=0.25, P<0.05;r=0.40, P<0.01;r=0.32, P<0.01). RI of ovarian stromal blood flow was significantly associated with SHBG (r=0.28, P<0.05). In OB-POCS group, RI of uterine artery was significantly associated with PRL (r=-0.58, P < 0.05). Vol was significantly associated with HOMA-IR (r=0.47, P < 0.05). In NOB-POCS group, FN was significantly associated with LH/FSH (r=0.33, P<0.05), and FT (r=0. 56, P<0.05). Vol was significantly associated with FT (r=0.31, P < 0.05). Conclusion There are some differences in the ultrasound and endocrine parameters between obese and non-obese PCOS patients, and some correlations exist between them.