The best characterized methotrexate (MTX) transporter is the reduced folate carrier (RFC),whose gene polymorphism is one of the reasons causing MTX resistance. Based on the studies in rencent years,we have known that synthesis of mutant RFC or loss of RFC transcripts and proteins results in antifolate resistance due to incomplete inhibition of cellular enzyme targets and insufficient substrate for polyglutamate synthesis. So additional human RFC structural and mechanistic studies are absolutely essential. This paper summarizes an association between the polymorphisms of RFC and MTX resistance, which can provide a basis for clinical treatment.

The breast cancer stem cell theory provides a theoretical basis for explaining phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of breast cancer. These breast cancer stem cells(CSCs)promote tumor growth and are closely related to breast cancer intrinsic drug resistance. Therefore,targeted therapy of breast CSCs has become a hot area in basic and clinical research. There is growing evidence that nanoparticles can kill cancer by targeting breast CSCs ,such as targeted tumor stem cell-specific expressed surface markers(AL-DH1,CD44,and CD90),tumor stem cell stemness-related NOTCH,Hedgehog and TGF-βsignaling pathways. In this review,we summarized the characteristics and research status of breast CSCs ,and the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of breast cancer.In addition,we also summarized the research status of epigenetic drugs aimed to restrain the reprogramming of breast cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of controlled intensive blood pressure reduction on acute cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Eighty-eight patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage were divided into controlled blood pressure reduction group (controlled group,48 cases) and general blood pressure reduction group(general group,40 cases) by random number table method.Respectively given positive blood pressure reduction and according to the guidelines for treatment.The intracranial hematoma volume after admission,Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score,the United States national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score,surgery rate within 24 h after admission and fatality rate within 30 d after admission in two groups were compared.Results The initial blood loss between two groups had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).The intracranial hematoma volume,growth rate of intracranial hematoma,intracranial hematoma enlargement ratio in controlled group on 24 h after admission were lower than those in general group,there were significant differences [(19.3 ± 11.6) ml vs.(30.5 ± 10.9) ml,(17.8 ± 12.7)％ vs.(37.1 ±25.7)％,16.7％ (8/48) vs.47.5％ (19/40)] (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).The GCS and NIHSS score between two groups on admission and 1,7,14 d after admission had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The surgery rate within 24 h after admission in controlled group was lower than that in general group [8.3％ (4/48) vs.25.0％ (10/40)],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).The fatality rate within 30 d after admission between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Cerebral hemorrhage early control of blood pressure can not change its recent neural functional recovery and reduce the fatality rate,but may be significantly delayed hematoma enlargement and reduce the rate of surgery.

Objective To investigate a sonic wave device including micro-oscillator and microphone for real-time monitoring the situation of the esophageal motility of lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Methods A micro-oscillator that can actively send sound waves was located at one side of LES, and a microphone located at the other side can be to capture the sound generated from the oscillator. This device was tested in vitro by utilizing a LES simulator in quiet and noisy environment, as well as in vivo in a pilot model corresponding to moments A-D. Results In the in vitro test, the sound can be captured by the microphone, and its power strength was correlated with closing and opening of LES. The measurements showed statistically significant Pearson correlation coefficients. In the in vivo test, the LES was open and closed by an endoscope, which was monitored in real-time by another endoscope inserted into the distal stomach from the duodenum. The sound power strength corresponding to moments A-D were (-89.63 ± 0.79) dB, (-84.74 ± 0.97) dB, (-82.37 ± 1.93) dB and (-89.86 ± 0.75) dB. Conclusion The LES dynamics can be monitored by the acoustic interrogation device, which has the potential to become an effective minimally-invasive technique for studying LES dysfunction.

Objective To perform the research on the domestic hospital marketing. Methods Through deep discussion,data analysis and marketing survey,we conducted a research on the market positioning and marketing strategies for Shanghai Ruijin-Harvard Heart Center which is a Sino-foreign joint venture. Results The demand is much bigger than the current supply in the market for cardiovascular diseases.The establishment of the center meets the demands of the market. Conclusion The center will focus on the adult patients in Shanghai and Yangtze Delta,and combine the external,internal and interactive marketing strategies.It may provide some useful experience for the Chinese hospital management,especially for hospital marketing.

Objective To study the expressions of MCM5 and Ki67 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer and their clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry (S-P method) was used to detect the expressions of MCM5 and Ki67 in 50 CIN and 49 cervical cancer. Results The positive expression rate of MCM5 and Ki67 in normal cervical epithelium, CIN Ⅰ-Ⅱ, CIN Ⅲ and cervical cancer were 26.7%, 72.0%, 80.0%, 97.9% and 10.0%, 32.4%, 84.0%, 97.9% respectively. The positive expression rate of MCM5 was significantly different between CIN and cervical cancer (P

Objective To detect osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein levels in synovial tissues from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and compare the expression level and distribution of OPG protein in AS, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and normal synovial tissues. By studying the correlation of OPG expressions with pathological changes of inflammatory joints to explore the role of OPG in the pathogenesis of bone destruction in AS. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using OPG monoclonal antibody to detect OPG expression in 13 AS, 16 RA,17 OA patients and 6 healthy controls. The labeled synovial tissue sections were quantified by digital image analysis and semiquantitively analyzed to compare the expression of OPG positve cells in different patient groups and normal subjects. In addition, the correlation of OPG expression with certain inflammatory indices (including ESR, CRP, blood platelet count) and radiological stage of involved joints was analyzed respectively. Results Positive staining of OPG was seen in all 13 AS patients. OPG expression was predominantly seen in the synovial lining layer and sublining areas. Positive staining of OPG was also found in the synovial tissues of 2 normal subjects, but the OPG level was significantly lower. No positive staining of OPG was found in synovial tissues from all patients with RA and OA. Conclusions {1}Higher levels of OPG are expressed in synovial tissues from AS patients than in tissues from normal subjects (P

Arterial embolization of thyroid gland is a new way to treat Graves' disease. However, there exist some problems about this treatment and no normalized procedure techniques have been stated. The authors reviewed many research papers with regards to the current status of this treatment and its existing problems.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality control method for fugankang granules.METHODS:Radix Astragali,Atr actylodes Macrocephala,Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae in fugankang granules were identified by TLC and the content of astra?galoside in fugankang granules was determined by HPLC-ELSD method.RESULTS:Radix Astragali,Atractylodes Macro?cephala,Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae could be identified by TLC;Astragaloside showed good linear relationship within the range of1.306?g～13.060?g(r=0.9997),the average recovery was 97.62%(RSD=1.72%).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and with good reproducibility,which can be used as quality control for fugankang granules.

AIM:To evaluate the clinical effect of Fuzheng Jiedu Granule(Radix Hedysari,Poria,Radix Angelicae sinensis,Fructus Forsythiae,Rhizoma Curcumae,Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae,etc.) on patients with coronary heart disease who have longterm contact with nickel,and observe its influence on the level of Creatine kinase(CK),Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),Na~+-K~+-ATPase,Ca~(2+)-ATPase in RBC membrane,Nitric oxide(NO),Nitric oxide synthase(NOS),Nickel(Ni) in serum. METHODS: 60 cases were divided into two groups A and B randomly.30 cases in group A were treated with Fuzheng Jiedu Granule combined with western medicine Betaloc and Isosorbide Dinirrate;30 cases in group B were given only western medicine.The period of treatment was 4 weeks.Another 15 healthy cases selected as group C(healthy control group).Before and after treatment,the clinical effects were observed,meanwhile,some biochemical indexes such as CK,LDH,Na~+-K~+-ATPase,Ca~(2+)-ATPase in RBC membrane,NO,NOS,Ni in serum were measured with clinic test methods.Finally,the experimental results were compared and analyzed in the three groups mentioned above. RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of symptoms and signs of group A was superior to that of group B(P