Object To study the feasibility of flocculation procedure on Bushenhuoxue Decoction, using chitosan instead of alcohol. Methods Using chitosan clarifier to the flocculation procedure of Bushenhuoxue Decoction; selecting the optimum content of chitosan and the density of decoction according to the total extract, and the content of icariin, comparing with the flocculation procedure by alcohol sedimentation. Results Chitosan clarifier could make the decoction clarify as alcohol does. On the retaining of active compounds, the former was better than the later. Conclusion Chitosan can be used to the flocculation procedure of Bushenhuoxue Decoction instead of alcohol.

Cerebral Cortex ; growth & development ; physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; physiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; growth & development ; Sensory Thresholds ; physiology ; Vision, Ocular ; physiology ; Visual Acuity ; physiology ; Visual Perception ; physiology

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Runchang Xuanfei Shugan Formula in the treatment of slow transit constipation. Methods Totally 94 patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 47 patients in each group. Treatment group was given Runchang Xuanfei Shugan Formula, one dose per day, half a dose for morning and half a dose for evening, and the control group was given lactulose oral liquid, 15 mL each time, for morning and evening, and citrate moser Billy 5 mg, three times a day orally taken before meals. The treatment course for the two groups were 4 weeks, with three-month follow-up. The defecation symptom score, anxiety and depression score were observed, the colonic transit test meter was performed, and the side effects were recorded. Results The degree of defecation difficulty, defecation frequency, defecation time, abdominal distension and stool quality score of the two groups significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.05), and the treatment group was much lower than the control group after treatment and three months after treatment (P<0.05). The score of anxiety and depression (SAS, SDS) of the treatment group decreased significantly after treatment and three months after treatment (P<0.05), and had significant differences with the control group (P<0.05). The colon function was significantly improved after treatment in both groups (P<0.05), without statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Runchang Xuanfei Shugan Formula can improve clinical symptoms of slow transit constipation, ease anxiety and depression of patients, and promote colon transmission function.

Objective To investigate the effect of heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1) on brain edema in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Methods Forty male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation; group II cardiac arrest (CA); group Ⅰ Hemin (HO-1 inducer) and group IV SnPP (HO-1 inhibitor). Asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation were performed in CA, Hemin and SnPP groups (group Ⅰ ,Ⅲ, Ⅳ) . Hemin and SnPP groups received hemin 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP) at 12 h before CA and SnPP K 30 μmol/kg IP at 1 h before CA respectively. The animals were sacrificed at 1 and 6 h after recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) . The water content of the cortex, hippocampus and brain stem and the expression of HO-1 and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) mRNA in cortex and hippocampus ( by RT-PCR) were determined. Results Water content of cortex and hippocampus was significantly higher at 1 h after ROSC in CA and SnPP groups than in sham operation group and was significantly lower in Hemin group than in CA group. There was no significant difference in water content of brain stem at 1 and 6 h after ROSC among all 4 groups. The expression of AQP4 mRNA was significantly higher in cortex and hippocampus at 1 h after ROSC in CA and SnPP groups than in sham operation group and was significantly lower in Hemin group than in CA group.Conclusion HO-1 can reduce brain water content at early stage after cardiac arrest and resuscitation by regulating the expression of AQP4.

The serum levels of visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin)were measured in 65 elderly type 2 diabetic patients with carotid atherosclerosis( T2DM + CA group), 63 elderly type 2 diabetic patients without carotid atherosclerosis (T2DM group ) and 55 normal elderly individuals( NC group)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the serum vaspin levels in T2DM + CA group were significantly lower than those in T2DM group[(0. 23 ± 0. 13 ) μg/L vs.(0. 41±0. 16)μg/L, P ＜0. 01]. The serum vaspin levels in T2DM + CA group and T2DM group were significantly lower than those in NC group respectively[(0. 63 ± 0. 11 ) μg/L, P ＜ 0. 01 and P ＜ 0. 05].Logistic regression analysis showed that high sensitivety C-reactive protein and Homeostasis Model Assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were negatively correlated with serum vaspin levels,which indicates that lower serum vaspin levels might be associated with the pathogenesis of carotid atherosclerosis in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.

AIM:To sieve the optimal purification of the total flavonoid from Mulberry Leaves by exploring 8 types of macroporous resin's static and dynamic adsoption-desorption.METHODS:The factors affecting separation,such as flow rate concentration,pH and kind of eluting agent were considerated.RESULTS:Experiment results showed that AB-8 resin possesses high absorption capacity.The best craft was:the adsorption and desorption-power was 2 BV/h,the content of the total flavonoid in liquid was 0.613 mg per 1 mL,pH 4,as the desorption solvent,the concentration of ethanol was 70%,regenerate the resin after using three times.CONCLUSION:Flavones content used the method can be up 2-fold.

Objective To investigate epidemiological pattern of dementia and major subtypes,we conducted a prevalence survey in Beijing,China. Methods A door to door three phase procedure was used to ascertain dementia A Chinese version of Mini Mental State Examination (CMMSE) was administered to all participates in 1997 Then,those who failed the screening tests and those of the normal,but having a suspected history of cognitive impairment were interviewed by neurologists or psychiatrists for a diagnostic assessment of dementia,Alzheimer′s dementia (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) using the DSM IV,NINCDS ADRDA,and NINCDS AIREN criteria Validity of the diagnostic approach was confirmed by a follow up study in 1998 Participants a total of 5 913 residents aged 55 years and over from 12 urban and 17 rural communities was drawn through a stratified multiple stage cluster sampling 5 743 (96 1%) were interviewed. Results A total of 262 cases of mild to severe dementia were identified The crude and age standardized prevalence in individuals aged 55 years and over were 4 6% and 4 2% for dementia (all causes),2 2% and 2 0% for AD,and 1 6% and 1 5% for VaD,respectively The prevalence of AD increased doubling every 5 years with age,but the prevalence of VaD increased low and slow The age standardized prevalence of AD was 1 7% in men lower than 2 1% in women,but the prevalence of VaD was 1 7% in men higher than 1 3% in women for individuals aged 55 years and over The difference in age standardized prevalence of AD between urban and rural communities was not significant that was 1 8% versus 2 2% in individuals aged 55 years and over; but the corresponding figures of VaD in rural (2 2%) was significantly higher than that in urban (1 0%) Either for AD or for VaD,there were no significant relationships between age standardized prevalence rates and educational levels Conclusion Our overall prevalence of dementia and its subtypes is considerably higher than previously reported estimates from China and similar to those reported in whites The epidemiological and clinical patterns for AD differed from VaD,but it was similar to those reported in whites It suggests that there are no substantial differences across cultures for AD

Objective To assess the removal efficiency of bacteria by water purifiers using different purifying materials. Methods The bacterial removal effectiveness of 7 types of commercially available water purifiers was tested using the National Standard Methods. Results Apart from one type using a single activated-carbon filtering material, the bacteria removal effectiveness of the other 6 types of water purifiers met the requirements of water purification device according to the rated treated-water-capacity conditions. Conclusion The removal efficiency of bacteria by water purifiers made from different filtering materials was different. Bacteria elimination effectiveness of a single-filtering material was lower and it is inversely proportional to its water-treating capacity. Water purifiers using multiple-purifying materials gave better removal efficiency of bacteria.

Aged ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male

This study is to investigate the effect of hydroxyethylpuerarin on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by MCAO. Hydroxyethylpuerarin (10, 20, 40 mg·kg-1, iv) was administered just 30 min before occlusion and immediately after reperfusion. After a 24 h reperfusion following 2 h of MCAO, the number of viable neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was counted by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. TNF-α protein and its mRNA expression were examined with radioimmunoassay (RIA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively. NF-κB activity was observed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and inhibition of NF-κB α (IκBα) protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting analysis. Animals treated with hydroxyethylpuerarin had a significant increase in neuronal survival in comparison with vehicle-treated group. Hydroxyethylpuerarin significantly reduced the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α following 2 h of ischemia with 24 h of reperfusion. NF-κB DNA binding activity and the degradation of IκBα in the cytoplasm also decreased by hydroxyethylpuerarin treatment. The protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin against ischemia-reperfusion injury may be mediated by decreasing the expression of TNF-α and the activity of NF-κB in rats.