Inflammation reaction and immune response are in-separable in the levels of system, tissue, cell and molecule. In-flammatory immune responses ( IIR) is proposed in this paper, which is defined a moderate or abnormal system responses of in-flammatory immune related cells in responding to the internal and external environment changes of body. It is described briefly that the research progresses of inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells and B cells, etc. ) and non-inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , glial cells, endothe-lial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, synovial cells and liver cells, etc. ) , and cytokines/receptor signal transduction in-volved in IIR. Moreover, the existing problems about regulating IIR drugs clinically are summarized. It is firstly put forward that soft regulation of inflammatory immune responses ( SRIIR) is a new direction of discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of IIR related diseases.

The state of scale management,structure of hierarchy,professional institutions,educational system and degree,situation of academy and cost of medical education in developed countries was summarized in this article respectively to provide reference for our medical education reform.

Recent studies demonstrate that autistic spectrum disprders children have deficits in executive functiony, particularly the function referred response inhibition. The antisaccade task provides a new tool for direct evaluation of inhibitory function and a new way to explore the character of response inhibition in children with cognitive impairment. Researchers have used the technologies of eye movement to reveal the ability of oculomotor inhibition in children with autistic spectrum disprders, which is poorer than that of normal children.

Objective To compare the spray characteristics of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices for live attenuated influenza vaccine(LAIV). Methods The particle size distribution(DV10,DV50 and DV90),the proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles of two brands of nasal spray delivery devices at home and abroad were measured by laser diffraction method,the spray pattern[maximum diameter(D_(max)),shortest diameter(D_(min))and ovality(D_(max)/D_(min))]and spray geometry(spray angle and width)were detected by Spray view,and the comparative analysis was performed. Results There was no significant difference in DV10,DV50,DV90 particle size distribution,proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles between the two kinds of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 0. 622,0. 135,3. 067,0. 212 and 0. 058,P-values were0. 434,0. 714,0. 085,0. 647 and 0. 810,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 439,0. 228,0. 281,0. 539 and 0. 910,respectively];D_(max),D_(min)and ovality of the spray patterns showed no significant difference[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 2. 102,2. 666 and 0. 514,P-values were 0. 158,0. 114 and0. 479,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 651,0. 407,and 0. 160,respectively];The geometric mean ratios of spray angle and width were 0. 92 and 0. 91,respectively,which ranged from 0. 90 to 1. 11.Conclusion Both the domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices meet the delivery requirement of the nasal spray LAIV,which can be used for the delivery of nasal spray vaccines and drugs.

As a member of GTPase Rab family,Rab10 protein is not only involved in vesicle formation,transport,anchoring and fusion process,but also affects the occurrence and development of tumors.Research about the mechanisms of Rab10 in intracellular vesicle transport and tumor may provide a potential target and new idea for the anti-cancer therapy.

Objective To evaluate the role of PI3K-Akt-HIF-1α signaling pathway in dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of damage to the unventilated lung during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in rats.Methods Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-350 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:two-lung ventilation TLV) group,OLV + normal saline group (group OLV),OLV + dexmedetomidine group (group D),and OLV + dexmedetomidine +LY294002 group (group DL).Bilateral lungs were ventilated for 2.5 h in group TLV,and the right lung was ventilated for 2 h followed by 0.5 h TLV in the other groups.The rats were sacrificed,the left lung was removed for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),and expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) (by Western blot).Results Compared with group TLV,W/D ratio was significantly increased,the expression of p-Akt was down-regulated,and the expression of HIF-1α was up-regulated in the other three groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group OLV,W/D ratio was significantly decreased,and the expression of p-Akt and HIF-lα was up-regulated in D and DL groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group DL,W/D ratio was significantly decreased,and the expression of p-Akt and HIF-1α was up-regulated in group D (P＜0.05).Conclusion PI3K-Akt-HIF-1α signaling pathway is involved in dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of damage to the unventilated lung during OLV in rats.

Objective To evaluate acoustic effects of laryngeal microsurgery on vocal polyp, vocal cyst and vocal leuko- plakia. Methods 300 cases in vocal fold diseases were measured acoustically pre - and post - microsurgery. Results After openation, jitter, shimmer and NNE decreased statistically in vocal polyp and vocal cyst patients, and did not improve in vocal leukoplakia patients. Whether or not the surgery was done, F0 of all patients did not change Conclusion Laryngeal microsurgery had definite effect on clearing benign focus. After surgery, vocal functioin improved in vocal polyp and cyst patients, and in vocal leukoplakia, there was no improvement in such a short time as one week.

Dignity is the idea that a being has the innate right to be valued, respected, and treated ethically. It reflects the value of life.Dignity therapymainly discusses thedignity during the period of death and dying.It involves symptom control, body integrity, au-tonomy, privacy boundaries, respect, and proper handling of personal affairs and death in peace. Dignity therapy is a unique, individu-alized, and brief psychotherapy that was developed for the purpose of relieving distress, enhancing end-of-life experience, reducing psychological and mental burden, and improving the quality of life for dying patients.

The effects of active constituents of traditional Chinese medicine are grossly divided into four categories, i.e. antiinflammatory , immunosuppressive , immunostimulating and analgesic effects. This papes reviews these effects and related mechanisms of common researched active constituents.

The ultrastructure of magnetotactic bacteria strain WD\|1 was reported.A thin sectioned profile of it clearly showed its cell wall,cell membrane,poly\|?\|hydroxybutyrates and magnetosomes.Meanwhile,the method of batch culture of strain WD\|1 was also reported,135mg/L dry cells could be gotten with this method.The energy profiles of X\|ray collected after electron excitation in SEM indicated that both dry cells and magnetosomes contained such mineral elements as P,S,Ca,Si,Al and Fe with different content.The iron content of its cells and magnetosomes was 3 07% and 84 57% respectively.