Inflammation reaction and immune response are in-separable in the levels of system, tissue, cell and molecule. In-flammatory immune responses ( IIR) is proposed in this paper, which is defined a moderate or abnormal system responses of in-flammatory immune related cells in responding to the internal and external environment changes of body. It is described briefly that the research progresses of inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells and B cells, etc. ) and non-inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , glial cells, endothe-lial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, synovial cells and liver cells, etc. ) , and cytokines/receptor signal transduction in-volved in IIR. Moreover, the existing problems about regulating IIR drugs clinically are summarized. It is firstly put forward that soft regulation of inflammatory immune responses ( SRIIR) is a new direction of discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of IIR related diseases.

Recent studies demonstrate that autistic spectrum disprders children have deficits in executive functiony, particularly the function referred response inhibition. The antisaccade task provides a new tool for direct evaluation of inhibitory function and a new way to explore the character of response inhibition in children with cognitive impairment. Researchers have used the technologies of eye movement to reveal the ability of oculomotor inhibition in children with autistic spectrum disprders, which is poorer than that of normal children.

The state of scale management,structure of hierarchy,professional institutions,educational system and degree,situation of academy and cost of medical education in developed countries was summarized in this article respectively to provide reference for our medical education reform.

Objective To compare the spray characteristics of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices for live attenuated influenza vaccine(LAIV). Methods The particle size distribution(DV10,DV50 and DV90),the proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles of two brands of nasal spray delivery devices at home and abroad were measured by laser diffraction method,the spray pattern[maximum diameter(D_(max)),shortest diameter(D_(min))and ovality(D_(max)/D_(min))]and spray geometry(spray angle and width)were detected by Spray view,and the comparative analysis was performed. Results There was no significant difference in DV10,DV50,DV90 particle size distribution,proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles between the two kinds of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 0. 622,0. 135,3. 067,0. 212 and 0. 058,P-values were0. 434,0. 714,0. 085,0. 647 and 0. 810,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 439,0. 228,0. 281,0. 539 and 0. 910,respectively];D_(max),D_(min)and ovality of the spray patterns showed no significant difference[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 2. 102,2. 666 and 0. 514,P-values were 0. 158,0. 114 and0. 479,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 651,0. 407,and 0. 160,respectively];The geometric mean ratios of spray angle and width were 0. 92 and 0. 91,respectively,which ranged from 0. 90 to 1. 11.Conclusion Both the domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices meet the delivery requirement of the nasal spray LAIV,which can be used for the delivery of nasal spray vaccines and drugs.

Asia ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; epidemiology ; Prevalence

Objective To investigate the effect of renal anemia variability on the progression of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease and hemoglobin variability on the incidence of cardiovascularevents,mortality and re-hospitalization rate.Methods one hundred and twenty-three patients with chronickidney disease with stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ were enrolled in this study.The information of hemoglobin variability,creatinineclearance rate (Ccr),renal function,the incidence of cardiovascular events,mortality and rehospitalization rate,the incidence of cardiovascular events,mortality and rehospitalization rate were recorded and analyzed.ResultsThe change of hemoglobin level was (20.6 ± 10.7) g/L and Ccr change level was (16.3 ± 4.1) ml/min inpatients,and the pearson correlation coefficient was 0.82.Multiple covariance analysis showed that Ccr increaselevel was higher in CKD Ⅲ-Ⅴ period patients with hemoglobin fluctuations than that of hemoglobin stabilitypatients after adjusting smoking history,blood pressure,24 h urinary protein quantitative factors (F =7.6,9.1,4.3;P＜0.05).The incidence of cardiovascular events in patients,mortality,rehospitalization rate of hemoglobinwave group were higher than those of hemoglobin stabilizing group(x2 =26.9,5.1,10.6,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion The fluctuation of hemoglobin is able to aggravate quickly of renal function development,increasethe incidence,mortality and rehospitalization rate of cardiovascular events.

As a member of GTPase Rab family,Rab10 protein is not only involved in vesicle formation,transport,anchoring and fusion process,but also affects the occurrence and development of tumors.Research about the mechanisms of Rab10 in intracellular vesicle transport and tumor may provide a potential target and new idea for the anti-cancer therapy.

Palmer-foot hyperhidrosis is one kind of focal hyperhidrosis, with symptoms of sweating hands or feet. Some people even have sweat dripping off their hands or feet. This article studied the views of TCM on palmer-foot hyperhidrosis, expounded the pathological and physiological relationship between palmer-foot hyperhidrosis and spleen and stomach, and proposed that clinical treatment should be based on the syndrome differentiation and treatment of spleen and stomach, which can achieve certain efficacy.

The effects of active constituents of traditional Chinese medicine are grossly divided into four categories, i.e. antiinflammatory , immunosuppressive , immunostimulating and analgesic effects. This papes reviews these effects and related mechanisms of common researched active constituents.

Objective To investigate the use of anti-infective drugs in outpatients of our hospital, and to pro-mote rational administration in clinic. Methods Collecting the prescriptions of out-patient during June 2007 in our pharmscy,then statistically analyze the anti-infective drugs information in combination with adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports. Results The percentage of prescriptions was 45. 8%, the average amount of the prescriptions was 62. 56 yuan,the cost of anti-infective drugs accounted for 41.8% ,prescriptions of combined use and injection were 39.5% and 37.2% ,the ratio of ADR was 80. 6% ,irrational administration accounted for 10. 8%. Conclusion The use of anti-infective drugs in our prescriptions of out-patients has some problems, but rational use is the main trend in our hospital.