Objective: To explore the value of combined treatment of advanced hepatic carcinoma. Methods:117 cases with advanced hepatic carcinoma underwent a combined treatment by radio frequency ablation(RF),percutaneous ethanol injecton(PEI),transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and transultrasonic portal vein chemoembolization (SPVE).The comparison was made between this treatment and that of TACE alone in terms of size of tumor ,changes of blood supply and clinical effects before and after each of these two treatments. Results: After three months,Ultrasonographic examination showed that the tumor size decreased by 25.0% was 87.2%.The disappearing rate and decreasing rate of blood supply of tumor was 88.0%; AFP turning-negative rate was 78.3%.The follow-up survey showed that one-year and two-year survival rates for combined therapy were 73.5%and 62.4% respectively ,significantly higher than that for the control TACE group 59.4%and 32.6%. Conclusion: The combined treatments are effective ways for carcinoma treatment. Color Doppler imaging is important to guide and assess the treatment.

Based on the practice in laboratory animal monitoring, the following issues are suggested: ( 1 ) The core items and candidate items should be separated in the National Standard;(2) Hantaan virus and Ect virus should be omitted in the core list for mice; LCMV should be monitored as a candidate item for rats; TMEV should be listed as candidate item.

The plasma corticotrophin-releasing hormone-like bioactivity was measured in normal individuals, patients with Cushing's disease and other diseases of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with the techniques of rat pituitary cell peri-tusion and AGTH radioimmunoassay. Combined with the response of the patients to neurotransmitter agonist and antagonist, it was hypothesized that most patients with Cushing's disease have a primary pituitary lesion and that hyper-tisolemia damaging hippocampus and weakening its inhibition on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may have an important role in the pathogenesis.

The pollen morphology of 3 species of the Echinacea Moench. from China and other coun-tries was examined under LM and SEM. 3 species were palynologically reported here for the first time. Theresults showed that the pollen morphology of the Echinacea species mentioned above was basically consis-tent, but some differences in pollen size, aperture and exine sculpture were found.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin or nifedipine or racanisodamine in the treatment of lower ureteral calculi. METHODS:160 patients with lower ureteral calculi were randomly divided into group A(40 cases),group B(40 cases),group C(40 cases)and group D(40 cases). All patients drank plenty of water to make daily urine output more than 2 000 ml. Based on it,group A orally received 0.4 mg Tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule,once a day. Group B orally received 10 mg Nifedipine tablet,3 times a day. Group C orally received 10 mg racanisodamine tablet,3 times a day. Group D received no other drugs except for increasing drinking. The treatment course for all groups was 2 weeks. Clinical efficacy,litha-gogue time,lithagogue size,residual calculi size and the incidence of adverse reactions in all groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in group A was higher than group C,which was higher than group B and group D,the differences were sta-tistically significant(P<0.05). Lithagogue time in group A was shorter than group B and group C,which was shorter than group D,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between group B and group C (P>0.05). Lithagogue size in group A was more than group C,which was more than group B and group D,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between group B and group D(P>0.05). Residual cal-culi size in group A was less than group B,which was less than group C and group D,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). And there were no severe adverse reactions in all groups. CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy of tamsulosin is superior to nifedipine and racanisodamine in the treatment of lower ureteral calculi,while nifedipine and racanisodamine show similar effica-cy,with better safety.

Objective To compare the value for predicting prognosis between ENETS and AJCC TNM staging system in G-NEC patients.Methods Clinical data of 28 G-NEC cases from January 2005 to September 2015 in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were analyzed and follow-up data were staged by he ENETS and AJCC TNM staging system.The survival curves were drawn using Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate analysis was performed by Log-rank test.Results Evaluated by ENETS TNM staging system on these 28 G-NEC patients,5 cases (18％) were classified at stage Ⅱ,20 cases (71％) were at stage Ⅲ,3 cases (11％) at stage Ⅳ,and significant difference in survival time was found between the three stages (P ＜ 0.05).By the AJCC TNM staging system,1 case (4％) was classified at stage Ⅱ,24 cases (86％) were at stage Ⅲ,and 3 cases (11％) at stage Ⅳ,and significant difference in survival time was found between three stages.Conclusions AJCC TNM staging system is more valuable for predicting prognosis of G-NEC,while the ENETS TNM staging system is more accurate in evaluating G-NEC biologic behavior.

Objective To explore CT and MRI appearances of intracranial germinoma.Methods 19 patients with intracranial germinoma confirmed histologically and radiotherapy were selected as the object of this study.CT and MR findings of germinoma were analysed retrospectively.Results Of 19 cases,the tumors were located at pineal region in 12,the basal ganglia and thalamus in 3 and the sellar in 4.Germinoma of pineal region showed low signal intensity on T1WI,iso or hyper-signal intensity on T2WI,isointensity or slightly hyperintensity on CT with definite margin,the pineal calculus were embedded frequently by tumors.After administration of contrast material,the tumors showed marked and uniformity enhancement.Thickness of pituitary stalk and absence of the hyperintensity of the posterior pituitary on T1WI were found in sellar germinoma.Tumors showed iso-signal intensity on T1WI,but variable signal intensity was exhibited on T2WI.Calcification was absent in all cases,but the solid components of tumors were hyperdense on plain CT,and they were obvious enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT scan.Germinoma located at basal ganglia and thalamus showed diffuse growth,larger volum of tumors,inhomogeneous signal intensity and density with indefinite margin,hemorrhage seen in most of case.After administration of contrast material,the tumors showed patch or chaplet-like enhancement.Conclusion It is possible to make the preoperative diagnosis for intracranial germinoma according to sex,age and CT,MR imaging characteristics.

[ ABSTRACT] Prenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 ( PDSS2), which encodes the second subunit of prenyl diphosphate synthase, an essential enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), is almost expressed in all tissues and organs at different developmental stages of human beings.The abnormal expression of PDSS2 may result in many diseases through impacting the biosynthesis of CoQ10.Recent studies show that PDSS2 gene has decreased in mela-noma, gastric cancer, lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, and the degree of reduced level is closely related to the clinical features, which enlighten us that PDSS2 maybe a tumor suppressor gene involves in the development and progres-sion of carcinoma.This review aims to introduce the recent research progress about PDSS2 gene on carcinoma, discuss its roles and value on cancer research.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the pharmacokinetics of N(4-bromobenzyl) -N-(4-bromobenzyloxy) urea (BBU) in rats after oral administration, thus to provide reference for its development. METHODS: A single dose of 600 mg · kg-1 of BBU was orally administered to rats. The concentration of free BBU in rat plasma was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were 110.55 and 122.79 mg · L · h-1, t1/2z and tmax were 3.71 and 3.67 h, ρmax was 17.49 mg · L-1, CLz/F and Vz/F were 4.97 L · h-1 · kg-1 and 26.10 L · kg-1, and MRT0-∞ was 6.71 h for free BBU. CONCLUSION: The fitting goodness is between one-compartment model and two-compartment model. Both models can be chosen, but two-compartment model is better.

With regard to the nature of meridians, the authors have presented the hypothesis of dual reflex in 1977. This means that acupunture can invoke some effects not only through CNS (long reflex), but through the connection of peripheral nerve terminals to transmit messages (short reflex). In this experiment, rats were anaesthetized by rethane. The superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) and the deep peroneal nerve (DPN) were found out and cut off in order to break off their connection to CNS. With electrical stimulation of SPN, the action potential (AP) on the DPN was recorded at the same time. AP was induced only in a few cases (5.7%). But, after electroacupuncture was reapplied to Zusanli (ST-39) point for 30 rain, we stimulated SPN with electricity. This showed that APs were recorded on DPN in 17 among 27 rats (58.6%). Since some tissues around Zusanli point involve both SPN and DPN, the results suggest that messages are transmitted between nerve terminals under certain condition and that impluses on a nerve stem may stimulate another nerve terminal. This might be the essence of propagated sensation along the channels.